We are relying more and more on C99 math functions. On C89 systems where
those functions are not available our own custom versions of those
functions are used instead. So far these has been spread across the code
base. This commit gathers them in the same file and introduces the
proj_math.h header. The build system checks for C99 math functions. If
not found the proj_math.h header make sure that C99 functions are
defined as their pj_ equivalent.

Ideally proj_math.h is included instead of math.h. This removes the need
for any checks against HAVE_C99_MATH in the code making it easier to
read.

For this commit the functions hypot, log1p and asinh has been taken care
of.

Decisions regarding the size of certain types are always made at
compile time, hence this is where the assertion should take place.

If the assertions fail, there is now a compiler error.

Increase the focus on PJ_COORD as primary datatype: Eliminate use of PJ_TRIPLET etc.

Trim proj.h by removing material that has become unnecessary.

Improve constness

Make proj_factors work in proj.h space, by providing a trimmed down PJ_FACTORS (which even has more meaningful field names)

* Removed remaining traces of the builtin selftest system. Moved all functionality to test/gie

* Updated Appveyor and Travis build scripts

* Another appveyor script update