Major restructure and rewrite of docs.

A section on "Using PROJ.4" has been introduced giving a introduction
on how to use PROJ.4. The Parameters section has been removed and the
content reworked into other sections. Additionally the order of chapters
has been changed to provide a more complete and readable experience for
users of the documentation.

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 173 deletions

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-.. _geod:
-
-================================================================================
-geod
-================================================================================
-
-
-.. Index:: geod
-
-``geod``  (direct)  and  ``invgeod`` (inverse) perform geodesic ("Great
-Circle") computations for determining latitude,  longitude  and
-back  azimuth  of  a terminus point given a initial point latitude,
-longitude, azimuth and distance (direct) or  the  forward
-and  back azimuths and distance between an initial and terminus
-point latitudes and  longitudes  (inverse).   The  results  are
-accurate  to  round  off for :math:`|f| < 1/50`, where f is flattening.
-
-
-``invgeod`` may not be available on all  platforms;  in  this  case
-call geod with the -I option.
-
-
-
-Synopsis
-********
-
-::
-
-       geod +ellps=<ellipse> [ -afFIlptwW [ args ] ] [ +args ] file[s]
-
-       invgeod +ellps=<ellipse> [ -afFIlptwW [ args  ]  ]  [  +args  ] file[s]
-
-Description
-***********
-The following command-line options can appear in any order:
-
-::
-
-   -I     Specifies that the inverse geodesic computation is to be
-          performed. May be used with execution of geod as an
-          alternative to invgeod execution.
-
-   -a     Latitude and longitudes of the initial and terminal
-          points, forward and back azimuths and distance are  output.
-
-   -ta    A specifies a character employed as the first character
-          to denote a control line to be passed through without
-          processing.
-
-   -le    Gives a listing of all the ellipsoids that may be
-          selected with the +ellps= option.
-
-   -lu    Gives a listing of all the units that  may  be  selected
-          with the +units= option.
-
-   -[f|F] format
-          Format is a printf format string to control the output
-          form of the geographic coordinate values (f) or distance
-          value (F). The default mode is DMS for geographic
-          coordinates and "%.3f" for distance.
-
-   -[w|W]n
-          N is the number of significant fractional digits to
-          employ for seconds output (when the option is not
-          specified, -w3 is assumed). When -W is employed the fields
-          will be constant width with leading zeroes.
-
-   -p     This option causes the azimuthal values to be output as
-          unsigned DMS numbers between 0 and 360 degrees. Also
-          note -f.
-
-The  ``+args``  command-line  options  are associated with geodetic
-parameters for specifying the ellipsoidal  or  sphere  to  use.
-See  ``proj``  `documentation <proj.html>`_ for full list of these parameters and
-controls.  The options are processed in  left  to  right  order
-from  the  command  line.  Reentry of an option is ignored with
-the first occurrence assumed to be the desired value.
-
-One or more files (processed in left to  right  order)  specify
-the  source  of  data  to be transformed.  A - will specify the
-location of processing standard input.  If no files are  specified,
-the input is assumed to be from stdin.
-
-For  direct determinations input data must be in latitude, longitude,
-azimuth and distance order and output will be latitude,
-longitude  and  back  azimuth of the terminus point.  Latitude,
-longitude of the initial and terminus point are input  for  the
-inverse  mode  and respective forward and back azimuth from the
-initial and terminus points are output along with the  distance
-between the points.
-
-Input  geographic  coordinates  (latitude  and  longitude)  and
-azimuthal data must be in decimal degrees  or  DMS  format  and
-input distance data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid
-major axis or sphere radius units.  The latitude must  lie
-in the range [-90d,90d].  Output geographic coordinates will be
-in DMS (if the -f switch is not employed) to 0.001" with trailing,
-zero-valued minute-second fields deleted.  Output distance
-data will be in the same  units  as  the  ellipsoid  or  sphere
-radius.
-
-The Earth's ellipsoidal figure may be selected in the same manner
-as program ``proj`` by using ``+ellps=``, ``+a=``, ``+es=``, etc.
-
-Geod may also be used to determine  intermediate  points  along
-either  a  geodesic  line between two points or along an arc of
-specified distance from a geographic point.  In both  cases  an
-initial  point must be specified with ``+lat_1=lat`` and ``+lon_1=lon``
-parameters  and  either  a  terminus   point   ``+lat_2=lat``   and
-``+lon_2=lon``  or  a  distance  and azimuth from the initial point
-with ``+S=distance`` and ``+A=azimuth`` must be specified.
-
-If points along a geodesic are to  be  determined  then  either
-``+n_S=integer``  specifying  the  number  of  intermediate  points
-and/or  ``+del_S=distance``  specifying  the  incremental  distance
-between points must be specified.
-
-To  determine  points along an arc equidistant from the initial
-point both ``+del_A=angle``  and  ``+n_A=integer``  must  be  specified
-which determine the respective angular increments and number of
-points to be determined.
-
-Examples
-********
-
-The following script determines the geodesic azimuths and  distance in U.S.
-statute miles from Boston, MA, to Portland, OR:
-
-::
-
-     geod +ellps=clrk66 <<EOF -I +units=us-mi
-     42d15'N 71d07'W 45d31'N 123d41'W
-     EOF
-
-which gives the results:
-
-::
-
-     -66d31'50.141" 75d39'13.083" 2587.504
-
-where the first two values are the azimuth from Boston to Portland,
-the back azimuth from Portland to Boston followed by the distance.
-
-An  example  of forward geodesic use is to use the Boston loca-
-tion and determine Portland's location by azimuth and distance:
-
-::
-
-     geod +ellps=clrk66 <<EOF +units=us-mi
-     42d15'N 71d07'W -66d31'50.141" 2587.504
-     EOF
-
-which gives:
-
-::
-
-     45d31'0.003"N 123d40'59.985"W 75d39'13.094"
-
-.. note::
-    lack  of precision in the distance value compromises the
-    precision of the Portland location.
-
-Further reading
-***************
-
-#. `GeographicLib <http://geographiclib.sf.net>`_
-
-#. `C. F. F. Karney, Algorithms for Geodesics, J. Geodesy 87, 43-55 (2013) <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z>`_.
-   `Addendum <http://geographiclib.sf.net/geod-addenda.html>`_
-
-#. `The online geodesic bibliography <http://geographiclib.sf.net/geodesic-papers/biblio.html>`_
-
-