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PROJ

-Section: User Commands (1)
Updated: 2000/03/21 Rel. 4.4
Index -Return to Main Contents

- - -

NAME

- -proj - forward cartographic projection filter -
- -invproj - inverse cartographic projection filter - -

SYNOPSIS

- -proj - -[ --bceEfiIlmorsStTvVwW - -[ -args - -] ] [ -+args - -] -file[s] -
- -invproj - -[ --bceEfiIlmorsStTwW - -[ -args - -] ] [ -+args - -] -file[s] - -

DESCRIPTION

- -Proj - -and -invproj - -perform respective forward and inverse transformation of cartographic data -to or from cartesian data with a wide range of selectable projection functions. -

- -The following control parameters can appear in any order: -

-b - -: -Special option for binary coordinate data input and output -through standard input and standard output. -Data is assumed to be in system type -double - -floating point words. -This option is to be used when -proj - -is a -son - -process and allows bypassing formatting operations. -
-i - -: -Selects binary input only (see --b option). - -
-I - -: -alternate method to specify inverse projection. -Redundant when used with -invproj. - -
-o - -: -Selects binary output only (see --b option). - -
-ta - -: -A - -specifies a character employed as the first character to denote -a control line to be passed through without processing. -This option applicable to ascii input only. -(# is the default value). -
-e string - -: -String - -is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is detected during -data transformations. -The default value is: *\t*. -Note that if the --b, - --i - -or --o - -options are employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VAL -value for both return values. -
-E - -: -causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line -prior to printing the converted values. -
-l[p|P|=|e|u|d]id - -: -List projection identifiers with --l, - --lp - -or --lP (expanded) - -that can be selected with -+proj. - --l=id - -gives expanded description of projection -id. - -List ellipsoid identifiers with --le, - -that can be selected with -+ellps, - --lu - -list of cartesian to meter conversion factors -that can be selected with -+units - -or --ld - -list of datums that can be selected with -+datum. - -
-r - -: -This options reverses the order of the -expected input from longitude-latitude or x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x. -
-s - -: -This options reverses the order of the -output from x-y or longitude-latitude to y-x or latitude-longitude. -
-S - -: -Causes estimation of -meridional - -and -parallel - -scale factors, -area - -scale factor and -angular distortion, - -and -maximum - -and -minimum - -scale factors to be listed between <> for each input point. -For conformal projections meridional and parallel scales factors -will be equal and angular distortion zero. -Equal area projections will have an area factor of 1. -
-m mult - -: -The cartesian data may be scaled by the -mult - -parameter. -When processing data in a forward projection mode the -cartesian output values are multiplied by -mult - -otherwise the input cartesian values are divided by -mult - -before inverse projection. -If the first two characters of -mult - -are 1/ or 1: then the reciprocal value of -mult - -is employed. -
-f format - -: -Format - -is a -printf - -format string to control the form of the output values. -For inverse projections, the output will be in degrees when this option -is employed. -The default format is "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS -for inverse. -
-[w|W]n - -: -N - -is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for -seconds output (when the option is not specified, --w3 - -is assumed). -When --W - -is employed the fields will be constant width and with leading zeroes. -
-v - -: -causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and -used by the program to be printed prior to input data. -Should not be used with the --T - -option. -
-V - -: -This option causes an expanded annotated listing of the characteristics -of the projected point. --v is implied with this option. - -
-T ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax] - -: -This option creates a set of bivariate Chebyshev polynomial -coefficients that approximate the selected cartographic projection on -stdout. - -The values -low - -and -hi - -denote the range of the input where the -u - -or -v - -prefixes apply to respective longitude-x or latitude-y -depending upon whether a forward or inverse projection is selected. -Res - -is an integer number specifying the power of 10 precision of the -approximation. -For example, a -res - -of -3 specifies an approximation with an accuracy better than .001. -Umax, - -and -vmax - -specify maximum degree of the polynomials (default: 15). -See also: -fproj(1). - -

- -The -+args - -run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parameters -and usage varies with projection and for a complete description see -Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment---A User's Manual - -and supplementary documentation for Release 4. -

- -Additional projection control parameters may be contained in two -auxiliary control files: -the first is optionally referenced with the -+init=file:id - -and the second is always processed after the name -of the projection has been established from either the run-line -or the contents of -+init - -file. -The environment parameter -PROJ_LIB - -establishes the default directory for a file reference without -an absolute path. This is also used for supporting files like -datum shift files. -

- -One or more -files - -(processed in left to right order) -specify the source of data to be transformed. -A - will specify the location of processing standard input. -If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be from -stdin. - -For ASCII input data the two data values must be in the -first two white space separated fields and -when both input and output are ASCII all trailing portions -of the input line are appended to the output line. -

- -Input geographic data -(longitude and latitude) must be in DMS format and input -cartesian data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid -major axis or sphere radius units. -Output geographic coordinates will be in DMS -(if the --w - -switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001" -with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields deleted. - -

EXAMPLE

- -The following script -

: -
proj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66 -r <<EOF - 45d15'33.1" 111.5W - 45d15.551666667N -111d30 - +45.25919444444 111d30'000w - EOF -

- -will perform UTM forward projection with a standard UTM -central meridian nearest longitude 112°W. -The geographic values of this example are equivalent and meant -as examples of various forms of DMS input. -The x-y output data will appear as three lines of: -

: -
460769.27 5011648.45 -

- - -

OTHER PROGRAMS

- -

- -The proj program is limited to converting between geographic and -projection coordinates within one datum. -

- -The cs2cs program operates -similarly, but allows translation between any pair of definable coordinate -systems, including support for datum translation. -

- -The geod program provides the ability to compute geodesic (Great -Circle) computations. - -

HOME PAGE

- -https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/wiki -

- -

-This document was created by -man2html, -using the manual pages.
-Time: 20:44:57 GMT, February 18, 2016 - - -- cgit v1.2.3