From 565a4bd035b9d4a83955808efef20f1d8dfa24cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Warmerdam Date: Thu, 18 Mar 1999 16:34:52 +0000 Subject: New git-svn-id: http://svn.osgeo.org/metacrs/proj/trunk@776 4e78687f-474d-0410-85f9-8d5e500ac6b2 --- man/man1/geod.1 | 202 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ man/man1/nad2nad.1 | 187 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ man/man1/proj.1 | 283 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ man/man3/pj_init.3 | 85 ++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 757 insertions(+) create mode 100644 man/man1/geod.1 create mode 100644 man/man1/nad2nad.1 create mode 100644 man/man1/proj.1 create mode 100644 man/man3/pj_init.3 (limited to 'man') diff --git a/man/man1/geod.1 b/man/man1/geod.1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..36f32717 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/geod.1 @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ +.\" @(#)geod.1 - 1.1 +.nr LL 5.5i +.ad b +.hy 1 +.TH GEOD 1 "94/10/29 Rel. 4, Ver. BETA" "GIE" +.SH NAME +geod \- direct geodesic computations +.br +invgeod \- inverse geodesic computations +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B geod +[ +.B \-afFIlptwW +[ +.I args +] ] [ +.B +args +] +file[s] +.br +.B invgeod +[ +.B \-afFIlptwW +[ +.I args +] ] [ +.B +args +] +file[s] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I Geod +(direct) and +.I invgeod +(inverse) +perform geodesic (\(``Great Circle\('') computations for determining +latitude, longitude and back azimuth of a terminus point +given a initial point latitude, longitude, azimuth and distance (direct) or +the forward and back azimuths and distance between an initial and +terminus point latitudes and longitudes (inverse). +.PP +The following runline control parameters can appear in any order: +.TP +.B \-I +Specifies that the inverse geodesic computation is to be performed. +May be used with execution of +.B goed +as an alternative to +.B invgeod +execution. +.TP +.B \-a +Latitude and longitudes of the initial and terminal points, +forward and back azimuths and distance are output. +.TP +.BI \-t "a" +.I A +specifies a character employed as the first character to denote +a control line to be passed through without processing. +.TP +.BI \-le +Gives a listing of all the ellipsoids that may be selected with the +.B +ellps= +option. +.TP +.BI \-lu +Gives a listing of all the units that may be selected with the +.B +units= +option. +.TP +.BI \-[f|F] " format" +.I Format +is a +.I printf +format string to control the output form of the geographic coordinate values +(\fBf\fR) or distance value (\fBF\fR). +The default mode is DMS for geographic coordinates and "%.3f" for distance. +.TP +.BI \-[w|W] n +.I N +is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for +seconds output (when the option is not specified, +.B \-w3 +is assumed). +When +.B \-W +is employed the fields will be constant width with leading zeroes. +.TP +.B \-p +This option causes the azimuthal values to be output as unsigned +numbers between 0 and 360\(de. +.PP +The +.B +args +run-line arguments are associated with geodetic parameters +for specifying the ellipsoidal or sphere to use. +See +.B proj +documentation for full list of these parameters and contrl. +The options are processed in left to right order +from the run line. +Reentry of an option is ignored with the first occurance assumed to +be the desired value. +.PP +One or more +.I files +(processed in left to right order) +specify the source of data to be transformed. +A \- will specify the location of processing standard input. +If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be from +.I stdin. +.PP +For direct determinations input data must be in latitude, +longitude, azimuth and distance order and output will be +latitude, longitude and back azimuth of the terminus point. +Latitude, longitude of the initial and terminus point are +input for the inverse mode and respective forward and back +azimuth from the initial and terminus points are output along +with the distance between the points. +.PP +Input geographic coordinates +(latitude and longitude) and azimuthal data must be in DMS format and input +distance data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid +major axis or sphere radius units. +Output geographic coordinates will be in DMS +(if the +.B \-f +switch is not employed) to 0.001" +with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields deleted. +Output distance data will be in the same units as the ellipsoid or +sphere radius. +.PP +The Earth's ellipsoidal figure may be selected in the same +manner as program +.B proj +by using +.B "+ellps=, +a=, +es=," +etc. +.PP +.I Geod +may also be used to determine intermediate points along either +a geodesic line between two points or along an arc of specified distance +from a geographic point. +In both cases an initial point must be specified with +.BI +lat_1= lat +and +.BI +lon_1= lon +parameters and either a terminus point +.BI +lat_2= lat +and +.BI +lon_2= lon +or a distance and azimuth from the initial point with +.BI +S= distance +and +.BI +A= azimuth +must be specified. +.PP +If points along a geodesic are to be determined then either +.BI +n_S= integer +specifying the number of intermediate points and/or +.BI +del_S= distance +specifying the incremental distance between points must be specified. +.PP +To determine points along an arc equidistant from the initial point both +.BI +del_A= angle +and +.BI +n_A= integer +must be specified which determine the respective angular increments +and number of points to be determined. +.RE +.SH EXAMPLE +The following script determines the geodesic azimuths and distance in +U.S. stature miles from Boston, MA, to Portland, OR: +.RS 5 + \f(CWgeod +ellps=clrk66 < for each input point. +For conformal projections meridinal and parallel scales factors +will be equal and angular distortion zero. +Equal area projections will have an area factor of 1. +.TP +.BI \-m " mult" +The cartesian data may be scaled by the +.I mult +parameter. +When processing data in a forward projection mode the +cartesian output values are multiplied by +.I mult +otherwise the input cartesian values are divided by +.I mult +before inverse projection. +If the first two characters of +.I mult +are 1/ or 1: then the reciprocal value of +.I mult +is employed. +.TP +.BI \-f " format" +.I Format +is a +.I printf +format string to control the form of the output values. +For inverse projections, the output will be in degrees when this option +is employed. +If a format is specified for inverse projection the +output data will be in decimal degrees. +The default format is \(``%.2f\('' for forward projection and DMS +for inverse. +.TP +.BI \-[w|W] n +.I N +is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for +seconds output (when the option is not specified, +.B \-w3 +is assumed). +When +.B \-W +is employed the fields will be constant width and with leading zeroes. +.TP +.B \-v +causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and +used by the program to be printed prior to input data. +Should not be used with the +.B \-T +option. +.TP +.B \-V +This option causes an expanded annotated listing of the characteristics +of the projected point. +.B -v is implied with this option. +.TP +.BI \-T " ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax]" +This option creates a set of bivariate Chebyshev polynomial +coefficients that approximate the selected cartographic projection on +.I stdout. +The values +.I low +and +.I hi +denote the range of the input where the +.I u +or +.I v +prefixes apply to respective longitude-x or latitude-y +depending upon whether a forward or inverse projection is selected. +.I Res +is an integer number specifying the power of 10 precision of the +approximation. +For example, a +.I res +of -3 specifies an approximation with an accuracy better than .001. +.I Umax, +and +.I vmax +specify maximum degree of the polynomials (default: 15). +See also: +.B fproj(1). +.PP +The +.B +args +run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parameters +and usage varies with projection and for a complete description see +.I "Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment\(emA User's Manual" ) +and supplementary documentation for Release 4. +.PP +Additional projection control parameters may be contained in two +auxilliary control files: +the first is optionally referenced with the +.BI +init= file:id +and the second is always processed after the name +of the projection has been established from either the run-line +or the contents of +.B +init +file. +The environment parameter +.B PROJ_LIB +establishes the default directory for a file reference without +an absolute path. +.PP +One or more +.I files +(processed in left to right order) +specify the source of data to be transformed. +A \- will specify the location of processing standard input. +If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be from +.I stdin. +For ASCII input data the two data values must be in the +first two white space separated fields and +when both input and output are ASCII all trailing portions +of the input line are appended to the output line. +.PP +Input geographic data +(longitude and latitude) must be in DMS format and input +cartesian data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid +major axis or sphere radius units. +Output geographic coordinates will be in DMS +(if the +.B \-w +switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001" +with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields deleted. +.SH EXAMPLE +The following script +.RS 5 + \f(CWproj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w -r < + +PJ *pj_init(int argc, char **argv) + +UV pj_fwd(UV val, PJ *proj) + +UV pj_inv(UV val, PJ *proj) + +void pj_free(PJ *proj) + +.SH DESCRIPTION +Procedure \fBpj_init\fR selects and initializes a cartographic projection +with its argument control parameters. +\fBArgc\fR is the number of elements in the array of control strings +\fBargv\fR that each contain individual cartographic control keyword +assignments (\f(CW+\fR \fBproj\fR arguments). +The list must contain at least the \fBproj=\fIprojection\fR and +Earth's radius or elliptical parameters. +If the initialization of the projection is successful a valid +address is returned otherwise a NULL value. + +Once initialization is performed either forward or inverse +projections can be performed with the returned value of \fBpj_init\fR +used as the argument \fBproj\fR. +The argument structure \fBUV\fR values \fBu\fR and \fBv\fR contain +respective longitude and latitude or x and y. +Latitude and longitude are in radians. +If a projection operation fails, both elements of \fBUV\fR are +set to HUGE_VAL (defined in \fImath.h\fR). + +\fBNote:\fR all projections have a forward mode, but some do not have +an inverse projection. +If the projection does not have an inverse the PJ structure element +\fIinv\fR will be NULL. + +Memory associated with the projection may be freed with \fBpj_free\fR. +.SH EXAMPLE +The following program reads latitude and longitude values in decimal +degress, performs Mercator projection with a Clarke 1866 ellipsoid and +a 33\(de latitude of true scale and prints the projected +cartesian values in meters: +.nf +\f(CW +#include +main(int argc, char **argv) { + char *args[] = { "proj=merc", "ellps=clrk66", "lat_ts=33" }; + UV p; + PJ *pj; + + if (!(pj = pj_init(3, args))) + exit(1); + while (scanf("%lf %lf", &p.v, &p.u) == 2) { + p.u *= DEG_TO_RAD; + p.v *= DEG_TO_RAD; + p = pj_fwd(p, pj); + printf("%.2f\et%.2f\en", p.u, p.v); + } + exit(0); +} \fR +.br +.fi +.SH LIBRARY +libpj.a \- library of projections and support procedures +.SH SEE ALSO +.B proj(1U), +.br +.I "Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment\(emA User's Manual," +(Evenden, 1990, Open-file report 90\-284). +.SH AUTHOR/MAINTENANCE +Gerald I. Evenden, USGS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 -- cgit v1.2.3