1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
|
.. _geos:
********************************************************************************
Geostationary Satellite View
********************************************************************************
The geos projection pictures how a geostationary satellite scans the earth at regular
scanning angle intervals.
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Classification** | Azimuthal |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Available forms** | Forward and inverse, spherical and elliptical projection |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Defined area** | Global |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Alias** | geos |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Domain** | 2D |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Input type** | Geodetic coordinates |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Output type** | Projected coordinates |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
.. image:: ./images/geos.png
:scale: 50%
:alt: Geostationary Satellite View
Usage
###############################################################################
In order to project using the geos projection you can do the following::
proj +proj=geos +h=35785831.0
The required argument ``h`` is the viewing point (satellite position) height above
the earth.
The projection coordinate relate to the scanning angle by the following simple
relation::
scanning_angle (radians) = projection_coordinate / h
Note on sweep angle
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The viewing instrument on-board geostationary satellites described by this
projection have a two-axis gimbal viewing geometry. This means that the different
scanning positions are obtained by rotating the gimbal along a N/S axis (or ``y``)
and a E/W axis (or ``x``).
.. image:: ../../..//images/geos_sweep.png
:scale: 50%
:alt: Gimbal geometry
In the image above, the outer-gimbal axis, or sweep-angle axis, is the N/S axis (``y``)
while the inner-gimbal axis, or fixed-angle axis, is the E/W axis (``x``).
This example represents the scanning geometry of the Meteosat series satellite.
However, the GOES satellite series use the opposite scanning geometry, with the
E/W axis (``x``) as the sweep-angle axis, and the N/S (``y``) as the fixed-angle axis.
The sweep argument is used to tell PROJ which on which axis the outer-gimbal
is rotating. The possible values are x or y, y being the default. Thus, the
scanning geometry of the Meteosat series satellite should take sweep as x, and
GOES should take sweep as y.
Parameters
################################################################################
Required
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. include:: ../options/h.rst
Optional
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. option:: +sweep=<axis>
Sweep angle axis of the viewing instrument. Valid options are *"x"* and *"y*".
*Defaults to "y".*
.. include:: ../options/lon_0.rst
.. include:: ../options/R.rst
.. include:: ../options/ellps.rst
.. include:: ../options/x_0.rst
.. include:: ../options/y_0.rst
|
