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.. _ortho:
********************************************************************************
Orthographic
********************************************************************************
The orthographic projection is a perspective azimuthal projection centered
around a given latitude and longitude.
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| **Classification** | Azimuthal |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| **Available forms** | Forward and inverse, spherical and ellipsoidal |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| **Defined area** | Global, although only one hemisphere can be seen at a |
| | time |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| **Alias** | ortho |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| **Domain** | 2D |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| **Input type** | Geodetic coordinates |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| **Output type** | Projected coordinates |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
.. figure:: ./images/ortho.png
:width: 500 px
:align: center
:alt: Orthographic
proj-string: ``+proj=ortho``
.. note:: Before PROJ 7.2, only the spherical formulation was implemented. If
wanting to replicate PROJ < 7.2 results with newer versions, the
ellipsoid must be forced to a sphere, for example by adding a ``+f=0``
parameter.
This projection method corresponds to ``EPSG:9840``.
Parameters
################################################################################
.. note:: All parameters for the projection are optional.
.. include:: ../options/lon_0.rst
.. include:: ../options/lat_0.rst
.. include:: ../options/ellps.rst
.. include:: ../options/R.rst
.. include:: ../options/x_0.rst
.. include:: ../options/y_0.rst
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