[vcpkg] Make Filesystem::remove_all faster #7570

I added benchmarks to measure how fast the parallel remove_all code was
-- it turns out, about 3x slower than stdfs::remove_all. Since this was
the case, I removed all of the parallelism and rewrote it serially, and
ended up about 30% faster than stdfs::remove_all (in addition to
supporting symlinks).

In addition, I did the following three orthogonal changes:
  - simplified the work queue, basing it on Billy O'Neal's idea
  - Fix warnings on older versions of compilers in tests, by splitting
    the pragmas out of pch.h.
  - Ran clang-format on some files

In fixing up remove_all, the following changes were made:
  - On Windows, regular symlinks and directory symlinks are distinct;
    as an example, to remove directory symlinks (and junctions, for that
    matter), one must use RemoveDirectory. Only on Windows, I added new
    `file_type` and `file_status` types, with `file_type` including a new
    `directory_symlink` enumerator, and `file_status` being exactly the
    same as the old one except using the new `file_type`. On Unix, I
    didn't make that change since they don't make a distinction.
  - I added new `symlink_status` and `status` functions which use the
    new `file_status` on Windows.
  - I made `Filesystem::exists` call `fs::exists(status(p))`, as opposed
    to the old version which called `stdfs::exists` directly.
  - Added benchmarks to `vcpkg-test/files.cpp`. They test the
    performance of `remove_all` on small directories (~20 files), with
    symlinks and without, and on large directories (~2000 files), with
    symlinks and without.

18 files changed, 553 insertions, 448 deletions

diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg-test/files.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg-test/files.cpp
index ff0176a93..a2faf455c 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg-test/files.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg-test/files.cpp
@@ -9,29 +9,63 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-using vcpkg::Test::SYMLINKS_ALLOWED;
-using vcpkg::Test::TEMPORARY_DIRECTORY;
+using vcpkg::Test::AllowSymlinks;
+using vcpkg::Test::base_temporary_directory;
+using vcpkg::Test::can_create_symlinks;
+
+#define CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(file, ec)                                                                                     \
+    do                                                                                                                 \
+    {                                                                                                                  \
+        if (ec)                                                                                                        \
+        {                                                                                                              \
+            FAIL(file << ": " << ec.message());                                                                        \
+        }                                                                                                              \
+    } while (0)
 
 namespace
 {
-    using uid = std::uniform_int_distribution<std::uint64_t>;
+    using uid_t = std::uniform_int_distribution<std::uint64_t>;
+    using urbg_t = std::mt19937_64;
 
-    std::mt19937_64 get_urbg(std::uint64_t index)
+    urbg_t get_urbg(std::uint64_t index)
     {
         // smallest prime > 2**63 - 1
-        return std::mt19937_64{index + 9223372036854775837ULL};
+        return urbg_t{index + 9223372036854775837ULL};
     }
 
-    std::string get_random_filename(std::mt19937_64& urbg) { return vcpkg::Strings::b32_encode(uid{}(urbg)); }
+    std::string get_random_filename(urbg_t& urbg) { return vcpkg::Strings::b32_encode(uid_t{}(urbg)); }
 
-    void create_directory_tree(std::mt19937_64& urbg,
+    struct MaxDepth
+    {
+        std::uint64_t i;
+        explicit MaxDepth(std::uint64_t i) : i(i) {}
+        operator uint64_t() const { return i; }
+    };
+
+    struct Width
+    {
+        std::uint64_t i;
+        explicit Width(std::uint64_t i) : i(i) {}
+        operator uint64_t() const { return i; }
+    };
+
+    struct CurrentDepth
+    {
+        std::uint64_t i;
+        explicit CurrentDepth(std::uint64_t i) : i(i) {}
+        operator uint64_t() const { return i; }
+        CurrentDepth incremented() const { return CurrentDepth{i + 1}; }
+    };
+
+    void create_directory_tree(urbg_t& urbg,
                                vcpkg::Files::Filesystem& fs,
-                               std::uint64_t depth,
-                               const fs::path& base)
+                               const fs::path& base,
+                               MaxDepth max_depth,
+                               AllowSymlinks allow_symlinks = AllowSymlinks::Yes,
+                               Width width = Width{5},
+                               CurrentDepth current_depth = CurrentDepth{0})
     {
         std::random_device rd;
-        constexpr std::uint64_t max_depth = 5;
-        constexpr std::uint64_t width = 5;
 
         // we want ~70% of our "files" to be directories, and then a third
         // each of the remaining ~30% to be regular files, directory symlinks,
@@ -42,18 +76,24 @@ namespace
         constexpr std::uint64_t regular_symlink_tag = 8;
         constexpr std::uint64_t directory_symlink_tag = 9;
 
+        allow_symlinks = AllowSymlinks{allow_symlinks && can_create_symlinks()};
+
         // if we're at the max depth, we only want to build non-directories
         std::uint64_t file_type;
-        if (depth < max_depth)
+        if (current_depth >= max_depth)
+        {
+            file_type = uid_t{regular_file_tag, directory_symlink_tag}(urbg);
+        }
+        else if (current_depth < 2)
         {
-            file_type = uid{directory_min_tag, regular_symlink_tag}(urbg);
+            file_type = directory_min_tag;
         }
         else
         {
-            file_type = uid{regular_file_tag, regular_symlink_tag}(urbg);
+            file_type = uid_t{directory_min_tag, regular_symlink_tag}(urbg);
         }
 
-        if (!SYMLINKS_ALLOWED && file_type > regular_file_tag)
+        if (!allow_symlinks && file_type > regular_file_tag)
         {
             file_type = regular_file_tag;
         }
@@ -62,14 +102,20 @@ namespace
         if (file_type <= directory_max_tag)
         {
             fs.create_directory(base, ec);
-            if (ec) {
-                INFO("File that failed: " << base);
-                REQUIRE_FALSE(ec);
+            if (ec)
+            {
+                CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(base, ec);
             }
 
             for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i)
             {
-                create_directory_tree(urbg, fs, depth + 1, base / get_random_filename(urbg));
+                create_directory_tree(urbg,
+                                      fs,
+                                      base / get_random_filename(urbg),
+                                      max_depth,
+                                      allow_symlinks,
+                                      width,
+                                      current_depth.incremented());
             }
         }
         else if (file_type == regular_file_tag)
@@ -80,19 +126,34 @@ namespace
         else if (file_type == regular_symlink_tag)
         {
             // regular symlink
-            fs.write_contents(base, "", ec);
-            REQUIRE_FALSE(ec);
             auto base_link = base;
-            base_link.replace_filename(base.filename().u8string() + "-link");
-            vcpkg::Test::create_symlink(base, base_link, ec);
+            base_link.replace_filename(base.filename().u8string() + "-orig");
+            fs.write_contents(base_link, "", ec);
+            CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(base_link, ec);
+            vcpkg::Test::create_symlink(base_link, base, ec);
         }
         else // type == directory_symlink_tag
         {
             // directory symlink
-            vcpkg::Test::create_directory_symlink(base / "..", base, ec);
+            auto parent = base;
+            parent.remove_filename();
+            vcpkg::Test::create_directory_symlink(parent, base, ec);
         }
 
-        REQUIRE_FALSE(ec);
+        CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(base, ec);
+        REQUIRE(fs::exists(fs.symlink_status(base, ec)));
+        CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(base, ec);
+    }
+
+    vcpkg::Files::Filesystem& setup(urbg_t& urbg)
+    {
+        auto& fs = vcpkg::Files::get_real_filesystem();
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        fs.create_directory(base_temporary_directory(), ec);
+        CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(base_temporary_directory(), ec);
+
+        return fs;
     }
 }
 
@@ -100,24 +161,83 @@ TEST_CASE ("remove all", "[files]")
 {
     auto urbg = get_urbg(0);
 
-    fs::path temp_dir = TEMPORARY_DIRECTORY / get_random_filename(urbg);
+    auto& fs = setup(urbg);
 
-    auto& fs = vcpkg::Files::get_real_filesystem();
+    fs::path temp_dir = base_temporary_directory() / get_random_filename(urbg);
+    INFO("temp dir is: " << temp_dir);
+
+    create_directory_tree(urbg, fs, temp_dir, MaxDepth{5});
 
     std::error_code ec;
-    fs.create_directory(TEMPORARY_DIRECTORY, ec);
+    fs::path fp;
+    fs.remove_all(temp_dir, ec, fp);
+    CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(fp, ec);
 
-    REQUIRE_FALSE(ec);
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(fs.exists(temp_dir, ec));
+    CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(temp_dir, ec);
+}
 
-    INFO("temp dir is: " << temp_dir);
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
+TEST_CASE ("remove all -- benchmarks", "[files][!benchmark]")
+{
+    auto urbg = get_urbg(1);
+    auto& fs = setup(urbg);
 
-    create_directory_tree(urbg, fs, 0, temp_dir);
+    struct
+    {
+        urbg_t& urbg;
+        vcpkg::Files::Filesystem& fs;
 
-    fs::path fp;
-    fs.remove_all(temp_dir, ec, fp);
-    if (ec) {
-        FAIL("remove_all failure on file: " << fp);
-    }
+        void operator()(Catch::Benchmark::Chronometer& meter, MaxDepth max_depth, AllowSymlinks allow_symlinks) const
+        {
+            std::vector<fs::path> temp_dirs;
+            temp_dirs.resize(meter.runs());
+
+            std::generate(begin(temp_dirs), end(temp_dirs), [&] {
+                fs::path temp_dir = base_temporary_directory() / get_random_filename(urbg);
+                create_directory_tree(urbg, fs, temp_dir, max_depth, allow_symlinks);
+                return temp_dir;
+            });
+
+            meter.measure([&](int run) {
+                std::error_code ec;
+                fs::path fp;
+                const auto& temp_dir = temp_dirs[run];
+
+                fs.remove_all(temp_dir, ec, fp);
+                CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(fp, ec);
+            });
+
+            for (const auto& dir : temp_dirs)
+            {
+                std::error_code ec;
+                REQUIRE_FALSE(fs.exists(dir, ec));
+                CHECK_EC_ON_FILE(dir, ec);
+            }
+        }
+    } do_benchmark = {urbg, fs};
+
+    BENCHMARK_ADVANCED("small directory, no symlinks")(Catch::Benchmark::Chronometer meter)
+    {
+        do_benchmark(meter, MaxDepth{2}, AllowSymlinks::No);
+    };
+
+    BENCHMARK_ADVANCED("large directory, no symlinks")(Catch::Benchmark::Chronometer meter)
+    {
+        do_benchmark(meter, MaxDepth{5}, AllowSymlinks::No);
+    };
 
-    REQUIRE_FALSE(fs.exists(temp_dir));
+    if (can_create_symlinks())
+    {
+        BENCHMARK_ADVANCED("small directory, symlinks")(Catch::Benchmark::Chronometer meter)
+        {
+            do_benchmark(meter, MaxDepth{2}, AllowSymlinks::Yes);
+        };
+
+        BENCHMARK_ADVANCED("large directory, symlinks")(Catch::Benchmark::Chronometer meter)
+        {
+            do_benchmark(meter, MaxDepth{5}, AllowSymlinks::Yes);
+        };
+    }
 }
+#endif
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg-test/util.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg-test/util.cpp
index 5359b0fad..384954b4e 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg-test/util.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg-test/util.cpp
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ namespace vcpkg::Test
         return m_ret.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
     }
 
-    static bool system_allows_symlinks()
+    static AllowSymlinks internal_can_create_symlinks() noexcept
     {
 #if FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK == FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK_NONE
-        return false;
+        return AllowSymlinks::No;
 #elif FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK == FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK_UNIX
-        return true;
+        return AllowSymlinks::Yes;
 #elif !defined(_WIN32) // FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK == FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK_STD
-        return true;
+        return AllowSymlinks::Yes;
 #else
         HKEY key;
         bool allow_symlinks = true;
@@ -97,11 +97,14 @@ namespace vcpkg::Test
 
         if (status == ERROR_SUCCESS) RegCloseKey(key);
 
-        return allow_symlinks;
+        return allow_symlinks ? AllowSymlinks::Yes : AllowSymlinks::No;
 #endif
     }
+    const static AllowSymlinks CAN_CREATE_SYMLINKS = internal_can_create_symlinks();
 
-    static fs::path internal_temporary_directory()
+    AllowSymlinks can_create_symlinks() noexcept { return CAN_CREATE_SYMLINKS; }
+
+    static fs::path internal_base_temporary_directory()
     {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
         wchar_t* tmp = static_cast<wchar_t*>(std::calloc(32'767, 2));
@@ -121,8 +124,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Test
 #endif
     }
 
-    const bool SYMLINKS_ALLOWED = system_allows_symlinks();
-    const fs::path TEMPORARY_DIRECTORY = internal_temporary_directory();
+    const static fs::path BASE_TEMPORARY_DIRECTORY = internal_base_temporary_directory();
+
+    const fs::path& base_temporary_directory() noexcept { return BASE_TEMPORARY_DIRECTORY; }
 
 #if FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK == FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK_NONE
     constexpr char no_filesystem_message[] =
@@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Test
     void create_symlink(const fs::path& target, const fs::path& file, std::error_code& ec)
     {
 #if FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK == FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK_STD
-        if (SYMLINKS_ALLOWED)
+        if (can_create_symlinks())
         {
             std::filesystem::path targetp = target.native();
             std::filesystem::path filep = file.native();
@@ -156,12 +160,12 @@ namespace vcpkg::Test
     void create_directory_symlink(const fs::path& target, const fs::path& file, std::error_code& ec)
     {
 #if FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK == FILESYSTEM_SYMLINK_STD
-        if (SYMLINKS_ALLOWED)
+        if (can_create_symlinks())
         {
             std::filesystem::path targetp = target.native();
             std::filesystem::path filep = file.native();
 
-            std::filesystem::create_symlink(targetp, filep);
+            std::filesystem::create_directory_symlink(targetp, filep);
         }
         else
         {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg.cpp
index 46ec8c013..3fdbd0d3e 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg.cpp
@@ -125,12 +125,8 @@ static void inner(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
 
     auto default_vs_path = System::get_environment_variable("VCPKG_VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH").value_or("");
 
-
-
-    const Expected<VcpkgPaths> expected_paths = VcpkgPaths::create(vcpkg_root_dir, 
-                                                                   vcpkg_scripts_root_dir,
-                                                                   default_vs_path, 
-                                                                   args.overlay_triplets.get());
+    const Expected<VcpkgPaths> expected_paths =
+        VcpkgPaths::create(vcpkg_root_dir, vcpkg_scripts_root_dir, default_vs_path, args.overlay_triplets.get());
     Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
                        !expected_paths.error(),
                        "Error: Invalid vcpkg root directory %s: %s",
@@ -143,7 +139,11 @@ static void inner(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
 #else
     const int exit_code = chdir(paths.root.c_str());
 #endif
-    Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, exit_code == 0, "Changing the working directory to the vcpkg root directory failed. Did you incorrectly define the VCPKG_ROOT environment variable, or did you mistakenly create a file named .vcpkg-root somewhere?");
+    Checks::check_exit(
+        VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+        exit_code == 0,
+        "Changing the working directory to the vcpkg root directory failed. Did you incorrectly define the VCPKG_ROOT "
+        "environment variable, or did you mistakenly create a file named .vcpkg-root somewhere?");
 
     if (args.command == "install" || args.command == "remove" || args.command == "export" || args.command == "update")
     {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/files.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/files.cpp
index 4446042f1..4a0a52f06 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/files.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/files.cpp
@@ -23,22 +23,35 @@
 
 namespace fs::detail
 {
-    file_status symlink_status_t::operator()(const path& p, std::error_code& ec) const noexcept
+    static file_status status_implementation(bool follow_symlinks, const path& p, std::error_code& ec)
     {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-        static_cast<void>(ec);
-
         WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA file_attributes;
         file_type ft = file_type::unknown;
         perms permissions = perms::unknown;
         if (!GetFileAttributesExW(p.c_str(), GetFileExInfoStandard, &file_attributes))
         {
-            ft = file_type::not_found;
+            const auto err = GetLastError();
+            if (err == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND || err == ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND)
+            {
+                ft = file_type::not_found;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ec.assign(err, std::system_category());
+            }
         }
-        else if (file_attributes.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)
+        else if (!follow_symlinks && file_attributes.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)
         {
-            // check for reparse point -- if yes, then symlink
-            ft = file_type::symlink;
+            // this also gives junctions file_type::directory_symlink
+            if (file_attributes.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+            {
+                ft = file_type::directory_symlink;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ft = file_type::symlink;
+            }
         }
         else if (file_attributes.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
         {
@@ -50,17 +63,60 @@ namespace fs::detail
             ft = file_type::regular;
         }
 
+        if (file_attributes.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
+        {
+            constexpr auto all_write = perms::group_write | perms::owner_write | perms::others_write;
+            permissions = perms::all & ~all_write;
+        }
+        else if (ft != file_type::none && ft != file_type::none)
+        {
+            permissions = perms::all;
+        }
+
         return file_status(ft, permissions);
 
 #else
-        return stdfs::symlink_status(p, ec);
+        auto result = symlink ? stdfs::symlink_status(p, ec) : stdfs::status(p, ec);
+        // libstdc++ doesn't correctly not-set ec on nonexistent paths
+        if (ec.value() == ENOENT)
+        {
+            ec.clear();
+            result = file_status(file_type::not_found, perms::unknown);
+        }
+        return result;
 #endif
     }
 
+    file_status status_t::operator()(const path& p, std::error_code& ec) const noexcept
+    {
+        return status_implementation(false, p, ec);
+    }
+    file_status status_t::operator()(vcpkg::LineInfo li, const path& p) const noexcept
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        auto result = (*this)(p, ec);
+        if (ec) vcpkg::Checks::exit_with_message(li, "error getting status of path %s: %s", p.string(), ec.message());
+
+        return result;
+    }
+    file_status status_t::operator()(const path& p) const
+    {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        return (*this)(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, p);
+#else
+        return fs::stdfs::status(p);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    file_status symlink_status_t::operator()(const path& p, std::error_code& ec) const noexcept
+    {
+        return status_implementation(true, p, ec);
+    }
+
     file_status symlink_status_t::operator()(vcpkg::LineInfo li, const path& p) const noexcept
     {
         std::error_code ec;
-        auto result = symlink_status(p, ec);
+        auto result = (*this)(p, ec);
         if (ec) vcpkg::Checks::exit_with_message(li, "error getting status of path %s: %s", p.string(), ec.message());
 
         return result;
@@ -71,34 +127,41 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
 {
     static const std::regex FILESYSTEM_INVALID_CHARACTERS_REGEX = std::regex(R"([\/:*?"<>|])");
 
-    namespace {
+    namespace
+    {
         // does _not_ follow symlinks
-        void set_writeable(const fs::path& path, std::error_code& ec) noexcept {
+        void set_writeable(const fs::path& path, std::error_code& ec) noexcept
+        {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
             auto const file_name = path.c_str();
             WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA attributes;
-            if (!GetFileAttributesExW(file_name, GetFileExInfoStandard, &attributes)) {
+            if (!GetFileAttributesExW(file_name, GetFileExInfoStandard, &attributes))
+            {
                 ec.assign(GetLastError(), std::system_category());
                 return;
             }
 
             auto dw_attributes = attributes.dwFileAttributes;
             dw_attributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
-            if (!SetFileAttributesW(file_name, dw_attributes)) {
+            if (!SetFileAttributesW(file_name, dw_attributes))
+            {
                 ec.assign(GetLastError(), std::system_category());
             }
 #else
             struct stat s;
-            if (lstat(path.c_str(), &s)) {
+            if (lstat(path.c_str(), &s))
+            {
                 ec.assign(errno, std::system_category());
                 return;
             }
 
             auto mode = s.st_mode;
             // if the file is a symlink, perms don't matter
-            if (!(mode & S_IFLNK)) {
+            if (!(mode & S_IFLNK))
+            {
                 mode |= S_IWUSR;
-                if (chmod(path.c_str(), mode)) {
+                if (chmod(path.c_str(), mode))
+                {
                     ec.assign(errno, std::system_category());
                 }
             }
@@ -138,6 +201,25 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
         return r;
     }
 
+    bool Filesystem::exists(const fs::path& path, std::error_code& ec) const
+    {
+        return fs::exists(this->symlink_status(path, ec));
+    }
+
+    bool Filesystem::exists(LineInfo li, const fs::path& path) const
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        auto result = this->exists(path, ec);
+        if (ec) Checks::exit_with_message(li, "error checking existence of file %s: %s", path.u8string(), ec.message());
+        return result;
+    }
+    bool Filesystem::exists(const fs::path& path) const
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        // drop this on the floor, for compatibility with existing code
+        return exists(path, ec);
+    }
+
     void Filesystem::write_lines(const fs::path& path, const std::vector<std::string>& lines, LineInfo linfo)
     {
         std::error_code ec;
@@ -145,12 +227,12 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
         if (ec) Checks::exit_with_message(linfo, "error writing lines: %s: %s", path.u8string(), ec.message());
     }
 
-    std::uintmax_t Filesystem::remove_all(const fs::path& path, LineInfo li)
+    void Filesystem::remove_all(const fs::path& path, LineInfo li)
     {
         std::error_code ec;
         fs::path failure_point;
 
-        const auto result = this->remove_all(path, ec, failure_point);
+        this->remove_all(path, ec, failure_point);
 
         if (ec)
         {
@@ -160,8 +242,6 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
                                       failure_point.string(),
                                       ec.message());
         }
-
-        return result;
     }
 
     struct RealFilesystem final : Filesystem
@@ -203,8 +283,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
             while (std::getline(file_stream, line))
             {
                 // Remove the trailing \r to accomodate Windows line endings.
-                if ((!line.empty()) && (line.back() == '\r'))
-                    line.pop_back();
+                if ((!line.empty()) && (line.back() == '\r')) line.pop_back();
 
                 output.push_back(line);
             }
@@ -216,7 +295,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
                                                   const std::string& filename) const override
         {
             fs::path current_dir = starting_dir;
-            if (exists(current_dir / filename))
+            if (exists(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, current_dir / filename))
             {
                 return current_dir;
             }
@@ -241,7 +320,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
                 current_dir = std::move(parent);
 
                 const fs::path candidate = current_dir / filename;
-                if (exists(candidate))
+                if (exists(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, candidate))
                 {
                     return current_dir;
                 }
@@ -359,149 +438,113 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
 #endif
         }
         virtual bool remove(const fs::path& path, std::error_code& ec) override { return fs::stdfs::remove(path, ec); }
-        virtual std::uintmax_t remove_all(const fs::path& path, std::error_code& ec, fs::path& failure_point) override
+        virtual void remove_all(const fs::path& path, std::error_code& ec, fs::path& failure_point) override
         {
             /*
-                does not use the std::filesystem call since it is buggy, and can
-                have spurious errors before VS 2017 update 6, and on later versions
-                (as well as on macOS and Linux), this is just as fast and will have
-                fewer spurious errors due to locks.
+                does not use the std::experimental::filesystem call since this is
+                quite a bit faster, and also supports symlinks
             */
 
-            /*
-                `remove` doesn't actually remove anything -- it simply moves the
-                files into a parent directory (which ends up being at `path`),
-                and then inserts `actually_remove{current_path}` into the work
-                queue.
-            */
             struct remove
             {
-                struct tld
+                struct ErrorInfo : Util::ResourceBase
                 {
-                    const fs::path& tmp_directory;
-                    std::uint64_t index;
-
-                    std::atomic<std::uintmax_t>& files_deleted;
-
-                    std::mutex& ec_mutex;
-                    std::error_code& ec;
-                    fs::path& failure_point;
+                    std::error_code ec;
+                    fs::path failure_point;
                 };
-
-                struct actually_remove;
-                using queue = WorkQueue<actually_remove, tld>;
-
                 /*
                     if `current_path` is a directory, first `remove`s all
-                    elements of the directory, then calls remove.
+                    elements of the directory, then removes current_path.
 
-                    else, just calls remove.
+                    else if `current_path` exists, removes current_path
+
+                    else does nothing
                 */
-                struct actually_remove
+                static void do_remove(const fs::path& current_path, ErrorInfo& err)
                 {
-                    fs::path current_path;
+                    std::error_code ec;
+                    const auto path_status = fs::symlink_status(current_path, ec);
+                    if (check_ec(ec, current_path, err)) return;
+                    if (!fs::exists(path_status)) return;
 
-                    void operator()(tld& info, const queue& queue) const
-                    {
-                        std::error_code ec;
-                        const auto path_type = fs::symlink_status(current_path, ec).type();
+                    const auto path_type = path_status.type();
 
-                        if (check_ec(ec, info, queue, current_path)) return;
+                    if ((path_status.permissions() & fs::perms::owner_write) != fs::perms::owner_write)
+                    {
+                        set_writeable(current_path, ec);
+                        if (check_ec(ec, current_path, err)) return;
+                    }
 
-                        if (path_type == fs::file_type::directory)
+                    if (path_type == fs::file_type::directory)
+                    {
+                        for (const auto& entry : fs::stdfs::directory_iterator(current_path))
                         {
-                            for (const auto& entry : fs::stdfs::directory_iterator(current_path))
-                            {
-                                remove{}(entry, info, queue);
-                            }
+                            do_remove(entry, err);
+                            if (err.ec) return;
                         }
-
-                        set_writeable(current_path, ec);
-                        if (check_ec(ec, info, queue, current_path)) return;
-
-                        if (fs::stdfs::remove(current_path, ec))
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+                        if (!RemoveDirectoryW(current_path.c_str()))
                         {
-                            info.files_deleted.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+                            ec.assign(GetLastError(), std::system_category());
                         }
-                        else
+#else
+                        if (rmdir(current_path.c_str()))
                         {
-                            check_ec(ec, info, queue, current_path);
+                            ec.assign(errno, std::system_category());
                         }
+#endif
                     }
-                };
-
-                static bool check_ec(const std::error_code& ec,
-                                     tld& info,
-                                     const queue& queue,
-                                     const fs::path& failure_point)
-                {
-                    if (ec)
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+                    else if (path_type == fs::file_type::directory_symlink)
                     {
-                        queue.terminate();
-
-                        auto lck = std::unique_lock<std::mutex>(info.ec_mutex);
-                        if (!info.ec)
+                        if (!RemoveDirectoryW(current_path.c_str()))
                         {
-                            info.ec = ec;
-                            info.failure_point = failure_point;
+                            ec.assign(GetLastError(), std::system_category());
                         }
-
-                        return true;
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        return false;
+                        if (!DeleteFileW(current_path.c_str()))
+                        {
+                            ec.assign(GetLastError(), std::system_category());
+                        }
+                    }
+#else
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (unlink(current_path.c_str()))
+                        {
+                            ec.assign(errno, std::system_category());
+                        }
                     }
+#endif
+
+                    check_ec(ec, current_path, err);
                 }
 
-                void operator()(const fs::path& current_path, tld& info, const queue& queue) const
+                static bool check_ec(const std::error_code& ec, const fs::path& current_path, ErrorInfo& err)
                 {
-                    std::error_code ec;
-
-                    const auto tmp_name = Strings::b32_encode(info.index++);
-                    const auto tmp_path = info.tmp_directory / tmp_name;
-
-                    fs::stdfs::rename(current_path, tmp_path, ec);
-                    if (check_ec(ec, info, queue, current_path)) return;
+                    if (ec)
+                    {
+                        err.ec = ec;
+                        err.failure_point = current_path;
 
-                    queue.enqueue_action(actually_remove{std::move(tmp_path)});
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
                 }
             };
 
-            const auto path_type = fs::symlink_status(path, ec).type();
-
-            std::atomic<std::uintmax_t> files_deleted{0};
-
-            if (path_type == fs::file_type::directory)
-            {
-                std::uint64_t index = 0;
-                std::mutex ec_mutex;
-
-                auto const tld_gen = [&] {
-                    index += static_cast<std::uint64_t>(1) << 32;
-                    return remove::tld{path, index, files_deleted, ec_mutex, ec, failure_point};
-                };
-
-                remove::queue queue{VCPKG_LINE_INFO, 4, tld_gen};
-
-                // note: we don't actually start the queue running until the
-                // `join()`. This allows us to rename all the top-level files in
-                // peace, so that we don't get collisions.
-                auto main_tld = tld_gen();
-                for (const auto& entry : fs::stdfs::directory_iterator(path))
-                {
-                    remove{}(entry, main_tld, queue);
-                }
-
-                queue.join(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-            }
-
             /*
                 we need to do backoff on the removal of the top level directory,
-                since we need to place all moved files into that top level
-                directory, and so we can only delete the directory after all the
+                so we can only delete the directory after all the
                 lower levels have been deleted.
             */
+
+            remove::ErrorInfo err;
             for (int backoff = 0; backoff < 5; ++backoff)
             {
                 if (backoff)
@@ -511,16 +554,16 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
                     std::this_thread::sleep_for(backoff_time);
                 }
 
-                if (fs::stdfs::remove(path, ec))
+                remove::do_remove(path, err);
+                if (!err.ec)
                 {
-                    files_deleted.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
                     break;
                 }
             }
 
-            return files_deleted;
+            ec = std::move(err.ec);
+            failure_point = std::move(err.failure_point);
         }
-        virtual bool exists(const fs::path& path) const override { return fs::stdfs::exists(path); }
         virtual bool is_directory(const fs::path& path) const override { return fs::stdfs::is_directory(path); }
         virtual bool is_regular_file(const fs::path& path) const override { return fs::stdfs::is_regular_file(path); }
         virtual bool is_empty(const fs::path& path) const override { return fs::stdfs::is_empty(path); }
@@ -598,7 +641,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
                 for (auto&& ext : EXTS)
                 {
                     auto p = fs::u8path(base + ext.c_str());
-                    if (Util::find(ret, p) == ret.end() && this->exists(p))
+                    if (Util::find(ret, p) == ret.end() && this->exists(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, p))
                     {
                         ret.push_back(p);
                         Debug::print("Found path: ", p.u8string(), '\n');
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/build.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/build.cpp
index 54a691454..02d4c4a71 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/build.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/build.cpp
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build::Command
         std::set<std::string> features_as_set(full_spec.features.begin(), full_spec.features.end());

         features_as_set.emplace("core");

 

-        const Build::BuildPackageConfig build_config{

-            scfl, spec.triplet(), build_package_options, features_as_set};

+        const Build::BuildPackageConfig build_config{scfl, spec.triplet(), build_package_options, features_as_set};

 

         const auto build_timer = Chrono::ElapsedTimer::create_started();

         const auto result = Build::build_package(paths, build_config, status_db);

@@ -293,19 +292,17 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
                                                   const std::set<std::string>& feature_list,

                                                   const Triplet& triplet)

     {

-        return Util::fmap_flatten(

-            feature_list,

-            [&](std::string const& feature) -> std::vector<Features> {

-                if (feature == "core")

-                {

-                    return filter_dependencies_to_features(scf.core_paragraph->depends, triplet);

-                }

+        return Util::fmap_flatten(feature_list, [&](std::string const& feature) -> std::vector<Features> {

+            if (feature == "core")

+            {

+                return filter_dependencies_to_features(scf.core_paragraph->depends, triplet);

+            }

 

-                auto maybe_feature = scf.find_feature(feature);

-                Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, maybe_feature.has_value());

+            auto maybe_feature = scf.find_feature(feature);

+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, maybe_feature.has_value());

 

-                return filter_dependencies_to_features(maybe_feature.get()->depends, triplet);

-            });

+            return filter_dependencies_to_features(maybe_feature.get()->depends, triplet);

+        });

     }

 

     static std::vector<std::string> get_dependency_names(const SourceControlFile& scf,

@@ -313,10 +310,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
                                                          const Triplet& triplet)

     {

         return Util::fmap(get_dependencies(scf, feature_list, triplet),

-            [&](const Features& feat) {

-                return feat.name;

-            }

-        );

+                          [&](const Features& feat) { return feat.name; });

     }

 

     static std::vector<FeatureSpec> compute_required_feature_specs(const BuildPackageConfig& config,

@@ -324,8 +318,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
     {

         const Triplet& triplet = config.triplet;

 

-        const std::vector<std::string> dep_strings =

-            get_dependency_names(config.scf, config.feature_list, triplet);

+        const std::vector<std::string> dep_strings = get_dependency_names(config.scf, config.feature_list, triplet);

 

         auto dep_fspecs = FeatureSpec::from_strings_and_triplet(dep_strings, triplet);

         Util::sort_unique_erase(dep_fspecs);

@@ -428,8 +421,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
     {

         const Toolset& toolset = paths.get_toolset(pre_build_info);

         const fs::path& cmake_exe_path = paths.get_tool_exe(Tools::CMAKE);

-        std::vector<System::CMakeVariable> variables =

-            get_cmake_vars(paths, config, triplet, toolset);

+        std::vector<System::CMakeVariable> variables = get_cmake_vars(paths, config, triplet, toolset);

 

         const std::string cmd_launch_cmake = System::make_cmake_cmd(cmake_exe_path, paths.ports_cmake, variables);

 

@@ -521,13 +513,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
 

         const auto timer = Chrono::ElapsedTimer::create_started();

 

-        std::string command =

-            make_build_cmd(paths, pre_build_info, config, triplet);

-        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> env =

-            make_env_passthrough(pre_build_info);

+        std::string command = make_build_cmd(paths, pre_build_info, config, triplet);

+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> env = make_env_passthrough(pre_build_info);

 

-        const int return_code =

-            System::cmd_execute_clean(command, env);

+        const int return_code = System::cmd_execute_clean(command, env);

 

         const auto buildtimeus = timer.microseconds();

         const auto spec_string = spec.to_string();

@@ -785,8 +774,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
                 AbiEntry{status_it->get()->package.spec.name(), status_it->get()->package.abi});

         }

 

-        const auto pre_build_info =

-            PreBuildInfo::from_triplet_file(paths, triplet, config.scfl);

+        const auto pre_build_info = PreBuildInfo::from_triplet_file(paths, triplet, config.scfl);

 

         auto maybe_abi_tag_and_file = compute_abi_tag(paths, config, pre_build_info, dependency_abis);

 

@@ -995,8 +983,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
 

     BuildInfo read_build_info(const Files::Filesystem& fs, const fs::path& filepath)

     {

-        const Expected<Parse::RawParagraph> pghs =

-            Paragraphs::get_single_paragraph(fs, filepath);

+        const Expected<Parse::RawParagraph> pghs = Paragraphs::get_single_paragraph(fs, filepath);

         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, pghs.get() != nullptr, "Invalid BUILD_INFO file for package");

         return inner_create_buildinfo(*pghs.get());

     }

@@ -1015,14 +1002,11 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
 

         if (port)

         {

-            args.emplace_back(

-                    "CMAKE_ENV_OVERRIDES_FILE",

-                    port.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO).source_location / "environment-overrides.cmake");

+            args.emplace_back("CMAKE_ENV_OVERRIDES_FILE",

+                              port.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO).source_location / "environment-overrides.cmake");

         }

 

-        const auto cmd_launch_cmake = System::make_cmake_cmd(cmake_exe_path,

-                                                             ports_cmake_script_path,

-                                                             args);

+        const auto cmd_launch_cmake = System::make_cmake_cmd(cmake_exe_path, ports_cmake_script_path, args);

 

         const auto ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd_launch_cmake);

         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0, ec_data.output);

@@ -1054,41 +1038,39 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
             {

                 switch (maybe_option->second)

                 {

-                case VcpkgTripletVar::TARGET_ARCHITECTURE :

-                    pre_build_info.target_architecture = variable_value;

-                    break;

-                case VcpkgTripletVar::CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME :

-                    pre_build_info.cmake_system_name = variable_value;

-                    break;

-                case VcpkgTripletVar::CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION :

-                    pre_build_info.cmake_system_version = variable_value;

-                    break;

-                case VcpkgTripletVar::PLATFORM_TOOLSET :

-                    pre_build_info.platform_toolset =

-                        variable_value.empty() ? nullopt : Optional<std::string>{variable_value};

-                    break;

-                case VcpkgTripletVar::VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH :

-                    pre_build_info.visual_studio_path =

-                        variable_value.empty() ? nullopt : Optional<fs::path>{variable_value};

-                    break;

-                case VcpkgTripletVar::CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE :

-                    pre_build_info.external_toolchain_file =

-                        variable_value.empty() ? nullopt : Optional<std::string>{variable_value};

-                    break;

-                case VcpkgTripletVar::BUILD_TYPE :

-                    if (variable_value.empty())

-                        pre_build_info.build_type = nullopt;

-                    else if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(variable_value, "debug"))

-                        pre_build_info.build_type = ConfigurationType::DEBUG;

-                    else if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(variable_value, "release"))

-                        pre_build_info.build_type = ConfigurationType::RELEASE;

-                    else

-                        Checks::exit_with_message(

+                    case VcpkgTripletVar::TARGET_ARCHITECTURE:

+                        pre_build_info.target_architecture = variable_value;

+                        break;

+                    case VcpkgTripletVar::CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME: pre_build_info.cmake_system_name = variable_value; break;

+                    case VcpkgTripletVar::CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION:

+                        pre_build_info.cmake_system_version = variable_value;

+                        break;

+                    case VcpkgTripletVar::PLATFORM_TOOLSET:

+                        pre_build_info.platform_toolset =

+                            variable_value.empty() ? nullopt : Optional<std::string>{variable_value};

+                        break;

+                    case VcpkgTripletVar::VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH:

+                        pre_build_info.visual_studio_path =

+                            variable_value.empty() ? nullopt : Optional<fs::path>{variable_value};

+                        break;

+                    case VcpkgTripletVar::CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:

+                        pre_build_info.external_toolchain_file =

+                            variable_value.empty() ? nullopt : Optional<std::string>{variable_value};

+                        break;

+                    case VcpkgTripletVar::BUILD_TYPE:

+                        if (variable_value.empty())

+                            pre_build_info.build_type = nullopt;

+                        else if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(variable_value, "debug"))

+                            pre_build_info.build_type = ConfigurationType::DEBUG;

+                        else if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(variable_value, "release"))

+                            pre_build_info.build_type = ConfigurationType::RELEASE;

+                        else

+                            Checks::exit_with_message(

                                 VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Unknown setting for VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE: %s", variable_value);

-                    break;

-                case VcpkgTripletVar::ENV_PASSTHROUGH :

-                    pre_build_info.passthrough_env_vars = Strings::split(variable_value, ";");

-                    break;

+                        break;

+                    case VcpkgTripletVar::ENV_PASSTHROUGH:

+                        pre_build_info.passthrough_env_vars = Strings::split(variable_value, ";");

+                        break;

                 }

             }

             else

@@ -1097,8 +1079,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
             }

         }

 

-        pre_build_info.triplet_abi_tag =

-            get_triplet_abi(paths, pre_build_info, triplet);

+        pre_build_info.triplet_abi_tag = get_triplet_abi(paths, pre_build_info, triplet);

 

         return pre_build_info;

     }

diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.ci.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.ci.cpp
index b4290baab..f0f162f5c 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.ci.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.ci.cpp
@@ -236,12 +236,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::CI
                 {
                     auto triplet = p->spec.triplet();
 
-                    const Build::BuildPackageConfig build_config{
-                        *scfl,
-                        triplet, 
-                        build_options, 
-                        p->feature_list
-                    };
+                    const Build::BuildPackageConfig build_config{*scfl, triplet, build_options, p->feature_list};
 
                     auto dependency_abis =
                         Util::fmap(p->computed_dependencies, [&](const PackageSpec& spec) -> Build::AbiEntry {
@@ -253,14 +248,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::CI
                                 return {spec.name(), it->second};
                         });
                     const auto& pre_build_info = pre_build_info_cache.get_lazy(
-                        triplet,
-                        [&]() {
-                            return Build::PreBuildInfo::from_triplet_file(
-                                    paths,
-                                    triplet,
-                                    *scfl);
-                        }
-                    );
+                        triplet, [&]() { return Build::PreBuildInfo::from_triplet_file(paths, triplet, *scfl); });
 
                     auto maybe_tag_and_file =
                         Build::compute_abi_tag(paths, build_config, pre_build_info, dependency_abis);
@@ -362,7 +350,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::CI
         }
 
         StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
-        
+
         Dependencies::PathsPortFileProvider provider(paths, args.overlay_ports.get());
 
         const Build::BuildPackageOptions install_plan_options = {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.dependinfo.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.dependinfo.cpp
index 8394e0166..7c04a5a2f 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.dependinfo.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.dependinfo.cpp
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 #include <vcpkg/base/util.h>

 #include <vcpkg/commands.h>

 #include <vcpkg/help.h>

-#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>

 #include <vcpkg/packagespec.h>

+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>

 

-#include <vector>

 #include <memory>

 #include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>

+#include <vector>

 

 using vcpkg::Dependencies::PathsPortFileProvider;

 

@@ -171,14 +171,14 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::DependInfo
                 {

                     if (requested_feature_name == "*")

                     {

-                        for (auto &&feature_paragraph : (*source_control_file)->feature_paragraphs)

+                        for (auto&& feature_paragraph : (*source_control_file)->feature_paragraphs)

                         {

                             collected_features.insert(std::addressof(Util::as_const(*feature_paragraph)));

                         }

                         continue;

                     }

                     auto maybe_feature = (*source_control_file)->find_feature(requested_feature_name);

-                    if (auto &&feature_paragraph = maybe_feature.get())

+                    if (auto&& feature_paragraph = maybe_feature.get())

                     {

                         collected_features.insert(std::addressof(Util::as_const(*feature_paragraph)));

                     }

@@ -197,7 +197,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::DependInfo
                 {

                     for (const auto& dependency : feature_paragraph->depends)

                     {

-                        build_dependencies_list(packages_to_keep, dependency.depend.name, source_control_files, switches);

+                        build_dependencies_list(

+                            packages_to_keep, dependency.depend.name, source_control_files, switches);

                     }

                 }

             }

@@ -214,9 +215,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::DependInfo
 

         // TODO: Optimize implementation, current implementation needs to load all ports from disk which is too slow.

         PathsPortFileProvider provider(paths, args.overlay_ports.get());

-        auto source_control_files = Util::fmap(provider.load_all_control_files(), [](auto&& scfl) -> const SourceControlFile * {

-            return scfl->source_control_file.get();

-        });

+        auto source_control_files =

+            Util::fmap(provider.load_all_control_files(),

+                       [](auto&& scfl) -> const SourceControlFile* { return scfl->source_control_file.get(); });

 

         if (args.command_arguments.size() >= 1)

         {

diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.search.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.search.cpp
index 3d8387ee1..943233502 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.search.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.search.cpp
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 #include <vcpkg/base/system.print.h>
 #include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>
 #include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
 #include <vcpkg/help.h>
 #include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
 #include <vcpkg/sourceparagraph.h>
 #include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
-#include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>
 
 using vcpkg::Dependencies::PathsPortFileProvider;
 
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Search
         const bool full_description = Util::Sets::contains(options.switches, OPTION_FULLDESC);
 
         PathsPortFileProvider provider(paths, args.overlay_ports.get());
-        auto source_paragraphs = Util::fmap(provider.load_all_control_files(), [](auto&& port) -> const SourceControlFile * { 
-            return port->source_control_file.get(); 
-        });
+        auto source_paragraphs =
+            Util::fmap(provider.load_all_control_files(),
+                       [](auto&& port) -> const SourceControlFile* { return port->source_control_file.get(); });
 
         if (args.command_arguments.empty())
         {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/dependencies.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/dependencies.cpp
index b604c9acf..65c5cc985 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/dependencies.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/dependencies.cpp
@@ -108,9 +108,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
         static ClusterSource cluster_from_scf(const SourceControlFileLocation& scfl, Triplet t)
         {
             ClusterSource ret;
-            ret.build_edges.emplace("core", 
-                filter_dependencies_to_specs(scfl.source_control_file->core_paragraph->depends, 
-                    t));
+            ret.build_edges.emplace("core",
+                                    filter_dependencies_to_specs(scfl.source_control_file->core_paragraph->depends, t));
 
             for (const auto& feature : scfl.source_control_file->feature_paragraphs)
                 ret.build_edges.emplace(feature->name, filter_dependencies_to_specs(feature->depends, t));
@@ -123,22 +122,23 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
         const PortFileProvider& m_provider;
     };
 
-    std::string to_output_string(RequestType request_type, 
-                                 const CStringView s, 
-                                 const Build::BuildPackageOptions& options, 
+    std::string to_output_string(RequestType request_type,
+                                 const CStringView s,
+                                 const Build::BuildPackageOptions& options,
                                  const fs::path& install_port_path,
                                  const fs::path& default_port_path)
     {
-        if (!default_port_path.empty()
-            && !Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_starts_with(install_port_path.u8string(),
-                                                            default_port_path.u8string()))
+        if (!default_port_path.empty() &&
+            !Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_starts_with(install_port_path.u8string(), default_port_path.u8string()))
         {
             const char* const from_head = options.use_head_version == Build::UseHeadVersion::YES ? " (from HEAD)" : "";
             switch (request_type)
             {
-            case RequestType::AUTO_SELECTED:  return Strings::format("  * %s%s -- %s", s, from_head, install_port_path.u8string());
-            case RequestType::USER_REQUESTED: return Strings::format("    %s%s -- %s", s, from_head, install_port_path.u8string());
-            default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+                case RequestType::AUTO_SELECTED:
+                    return Strings::format("  * %s%s -- %s", s, from_head, install_port_path.u8string());
+                case RequestType::USER_REQUESTED:
+                    return Strings::format("    %s%s -- %s", s, from_head, install_port_path.u8string());
+                default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
             }
         }
         return to_output_string(request_type, s, options);
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
 
         switch (request_type)
         {
-            case RequestType::AUTO_SELECTED:  return Strings::format("  * %s%s", s, from_head);
+            case RequestType::AUTO_SELECTED: return Strings::format("  * %s%s", s, from_head);
             case RequestType::USER_REQUESTED: return Strings::format("    %s%s", s, from_head);
             default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
     {
         switch (request_type)
         {
-            case RequestType::AUTO_SELECTED:  return Strings::format("  * %s", s);
+            case RequestType::AUTO_SELECTED: return Strings::format("  * %s", s);
             case RequestType::USER_REQUESTED: return Strings::format("    %s", s);
             default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
@@ -293,7 +293,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
 
     MapPortFileProvider::MapPortFileProvider(const std::unordered_map<std::string, SourceControlFileLocation>& map)
         : ports(map)
-    {}
+    {
+    }
 
     Optional<const SourceControlFileLocation&> MapPortFileProvider::get_control_file(const std::string& spec) const
     {
@@ -304,11 +305,11 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
 
     std::vector<const SourceControlFileLocation*> MapPortFileProvider::load_all_control_files() const
     {
-        return Util::fmap(ports, [](auto&& kvpair) -> const SourceControlFileLocation * { return &kvpair.second; });
+        return Util::fmap(ports, [](auto&& kvpair) -> const SourceControlFileLocation* { return &kvpair.second; });
     }
 
     PathsPortFileProvider::PathsPortFileProvider(const vcpkg::VcpkgPaths& paths,
-                                                 const std::vector<std::string>* ports_dirs_paths) 
+                                                 const std::vector<std::string>* ports_dirs_paths)
         : filesystem(paths.get_filesystem())
     {
         if (ports_dirs_paths)
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
                                        overlay.string());
 
                     Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                                       fs::stdfs::is_directory(overlay),
+                                       fs::is_directory(status(overlay)),
                                        "Error: Path \"%s\" must be a directory",
                                        overlay.string());
 
@@ -354,7 +355,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
                 {
                     if (scf->get()->core_paragraph->name == spec)
                     {
-                        SourceControlFileLocation scfl{ std::move(*scf), ports_dir };
+                        SourceControlFileLocation scfl{std::move(*scf), ports_dir};
                         auto it = cache.emplace(spec, std::move(scfl));
                         return it.first->second;
                     }
@@ -362,9 +363,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
                 else
                 {
                     vcpkg::print_error_message(maybe_scf.error());
-                    Checks::exit_with_message(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                                              "Error: Failed to load port from %s",
-                                              spec, ports_dir.u8string());
+                    Checks::exit_with_message(
+                        VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Error: Failed to load port from %s", spec, ports_dir.u8string());
                 }
             }
 
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
             {
                 if (scf->get()->core_paragraph->name == spec)
                 {
-                    SourceControlFileLocation scfl{ std::move(*scf), ports_dir / spec };
+                    SourceControlFileLocation scfl{std::move(*scf), ports_dir / spec};
                     auto it = cache.emplace(spec, std::move(scfl));
                     return it.first->second;
                 }
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
                     auto port_name = scf->get()->core_paragraph->name;
                     if (cache.find(port_name) == cache.end())
                     {
-                        SourceControlFileLocation scfl{ std::move(*scf), ports_dir };
+                        SourceControlFileLocation scfl{std::move(*scf), ports_dir};
                         auto it = cache.emplace(port_name, std::move(scfl));
                         ret.emplace_back(&it.first->second);
                     }
@@ -407,9 +407,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
                 else
                 {
                     vcpkg::print_error_message(maybe_scf.error());
-                    Checks::exit_with_message(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                                              "Error: Failed to load port from %s",
-                                              ports_dir.u8string());
+                    Checks::exit_with_message(
+                        VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Error: Failed to load port from %s", ports_dir.u8string());
                 }
                 continue;
             }
@@ -421,7 +420,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
                 auto port_name = scf->core_paragraph->name;
                 if (cache.find(port_name) == cache.end())
                 {
-                    SourceControlFileLocation scfl{ std::move(scf), ports_dir / port_name };
+                    SourceControlFileLocation scfl{std::move(scf), ports_dir / port_name};
                     auto it = cache.emplace(port_name, std::move(scfl));
                     ret.emplace_back(&it.first->second);
                 }
@@ -768,9 +767,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
     /// <param name="map">Map of all source control files in the current environment.</param>
     /// <param name="specs">Feature specifications to resolve dependencies for.</param>
     /// <param name="status_db">Status of installed packages in the current environment.</param>
-    std::vector<AnyAction> create_feature_install_plan(const std::unordered_map<std::string, SourceControlFileLocation>& map,
-                                                       const std::vector<FeatureSpec>& specs,
-                                                       const StatusParagraphs& status_db)
+    std::vector<AnyAction> create_feature_install_plan(
+        const std::unordered_map<std::string, SourceControlFileLocation>& map,
+        const std::vector<FeatureSpec>& specs,
+        const StatusParagraphs& status_db)
     {
         MapPortFileProvider provider(map);
         return create_feature_install_plan(provider, specs, status_db);
@@ -832,9 +832,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
             {
                 // If it will be transiently uninstalled, we need to issue a full installation command
                 auto* pscfl = p_cluster->source.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO).scfl;
-                Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                                   pscfl != nullptr,
-                                   "Error: Expected a SourceControlFileLocation to exist");
+                Checks::check_exit(
+                    VCPKG_LINE_INFO, pscfl != nullptr, "Error: Expected a SourceControlFileLocation to exist");
                 auto&& scfl = *pscfl;
 
                 auto dep_specs = Util::fmap(m_graph_plan->install_graph.adjacency_list(p_cluster),
@@ -914,7 +913,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
 
     PackageGraph::~PackageGraph() = default;
 
-    void print_plan(const std::vector<AnyAction>& action_plan, const bool is_recursive, const fs::path& default_ports_dir)
+    void print_plan(const std::vector<AnyAction>& action_plan,
+                    const bool is_recursive,
+                    const fs::path& default_ports_dir)
     {
         std::vector<const RemovePlanAction*> remove_plans;
         std::vector<const InstallPlanAction*> rebuilt_plans;
@@ -971,13 +972,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
 
         static auto actions_to_output_string = [&](const std::vector<const InstallPlanAction*>& v) {
             return Strings::join("\n", v, [&](const InstallPlanAction* p) {
-                if (auto * pscfl = p->source_control_file_location.get())
+                if (auto* pscfl = p->source_control_file_location.get())
                 {
-                    return to_output_string(p->request_type, 
-                                            p->displayname(), 
-                                            p->build_options, 
-                                            pscfl->source_location, 
-                                            default_ports_dir);
+                    return to_output_string(
+                        p->request_type, p->displayname(), p->build_options, pscfl->source_location, default_ports_dir);
                 }
 
                 return to_output_string(p->request_type, p->displayname(), p->build_options);
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/install.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/install.cpp
index 32af57b39..165f13126 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/install.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/install.cpp
@@ -331,10 +331,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Install
 
             auto result = [&]() -> Build::ExtendedBuildResult {
                 const auto& scfl = action.source_control_file_location.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-                const Build::BuildPackageConfig build_config{scfl,
-                                                             action.spec.triplet(),
-                                                             action.build_options,
-                                                             action.feature_list};
+                const Build::BuildPackageConfig build_config{
+                    scfl, action.spec.triplet(), action.build_options, action.feature_list};
                 return Build::build_package(paths, build_config, status_db);
             }();
 
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/logicexpression.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/logicexpression.cpp
index fc8c4ef56..0cf08ee03 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/logicexpression.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/logicexpression.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,18 @@
 
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include <vcpkg/logicexpression.h>
 #include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
 #include <vcpkg/base/system.print.h>
+#include <vcpkg/logicexpression.h>
 
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-
 namespace vcpkg
 {
     struct ParseError
     {
-        ParseError(int column, std::string line, std::string message)
-            :column(column), line(line), message(message)
-        {}
+        ParseError(int column, std::string line, std::string message) : column(column), line(line), message(message) {}
 
         const int column;
         const std::string line;
@@ -24,9 +21,15 @@ namespace vcpkg
         void print_error() const
         {
             System::print2(System::Color::error,
-                "Error: ", message, "\n"
-                "   on expression: \"", line, "\"\n",
-                "                   ", std::string(column, ' '), "^\n");
+                           "Error: ",
+                           message,
+                           "\n"
+                           "   on expression: \"",
+                           line,
+                           "\"\n",
+                           "                   ",
+                           std::string(column, ' '),
+                           "^\n");
             Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
     };
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
     //    ( logic-expression )
     //    identifier
     //  identifier:
-    //    alpha-numeric string of characters   
+    //    alpha-numeric string of characters
     //  logic-expression: <- this is the entry point
     //    not-expression
     //    not-expression | logic-expression
@@ -69,27 +72,20 @@ namespace vcpkg
             }
         }
 
-        bool get_result() const
-        {
-            return final_result;
-        }
+        bool get_result() const { return final_result; }
 
-        bool has_error() const
-        {
-            return err == nullptr;
-        }
+        bool has_error() const { return err == nullptr; }
 
     private:
-
         bool final_result;
 
         std::string::const_iterator current_iter;
         const std::string& raw_text;
-		char current_char;
+        char current_char;
 
-		const std::string& evaluation_context;
+        const std::string& evaluation_context;
 
-		std::unique_ptr<ParseError> err;
+        std::unique_ptr<ParseError> err;
 
         void add_error(std::string message, int column = -1)
         {
@@ -107,10 +103,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
             skip_to_end();
         }
 
-        int current_column() const
-        {
-            return static_cast<int>(current_iter - raw_text.begin());
-        }
+        int current_column() const { return static_cast<int>(current_iter - raw_text.begin()); }
 
         void go_to_begin()
         {
@@ -127,10 +120,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
             current_iter = raw_text.end();
             current_char = '\0';
         }
-        char current() const
-        {
-            return current_char;
-        }
+        char current() const { return current_char; }
         char next()
         {
             if (current_char != '\0')
@@ -165,7 +155,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
         }
 
         //  identifier:
-        //    alpha-numeric string of characters   
+        //    alpha-numeric string of characters
         bool identifier_expression()
         {
             auto curr = current();
@@ -181,7 +171,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
                 add_error("Invalid logic expression, unexpected character");
                 return false;
             }
-            
+
             bool result = evaluate_identifier(name);
             skip_whitespace();
             return result;
@@ -201,14 +191,15 @@ namespace vcpkg
             return primary_expression();
         }
 
-
-        template <char oper, char other, bool operation(bool, bool)>
+        template<char oper, char other, bool operation(bool, bool)>
         bool logic_expression_helper(bool seed)
         {
             do
             {
                 // Support chains of the operator to avoid breaking backwards compatability
-                while (next() == oper) {};
+                while (next() == oper)
+                {
+                };
                 seed = operation(not_expression(), seed);
 
             } while (current() == oper);
@@ -218,17 +209,11 @@ namespace vcpkg
                 add_error("Mixing & and | is not allowed, Use () to specify order of operations.");
             }
 
-			skip_whitespace();
+            skip_whitespace();
             return seed;
         }
-		static bool and_helper(bool left, bool right)
-		{
-			return left && right;
-		}
-		static bool or_helper(bool left, bool right)
-		{
-			return left || right;
-		}
+        static bool and_helper(bool left, bool right) { return left && right; }
+        static bool or_helper(bool left, bool right) { return left || right; }
 
         //  logic-expression: <- entry point
         //    not-expression
@@ -240,16 +225,15 @@ namespace vcpkg
 
             switch (current())
             {
-            case '|':
-            {
-                return logic_expression_helper< '|', '&', or_helper > (result);
-            }
-            case '&':
-            {
-                return logic_expression_helper< '&', '|', and_helper > (result);
-            }
-            default:
-                return result;
+                case '|':
+                {
+                    return logic_expression_helper<'|', '&', or_helper>(result);
+                }
+                case '&':
+                {
+                    return logic_expression_helper<'&', '|', and_helper>(result);
+                }
+                default: return result;
             }
         }
 
@@ -275,7 +259,6 @@ namespace vcpkg
         }
     };
 
-
     bool evaluate_expression(const std::string& expression, const std::string& evaluation_context)
     {
         ExpressionParser parser(expression, evaluation_context);
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/paragraphs.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/paragraphs.cpp
index b08a6b805..1232b940a 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/paragraphs.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/paragraphs.cpp
@@ -166,8 +166,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Paragraphs
 
     Expected<RawParagraph> parse_single_paragraph(const std::string& str)
     {
-        const std::vector<RawParagraph> p =
-            Parser(str.c_str(), str.c_str() + str.size()).get_paragraphs();
+        const std::vector<RawParagraph> p = Parser(str.c_str(), str.c_str() + str.size()).get_paragraphs();
 
         if (p.size() == 1)
         {
@@ -177,8 +176,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Paragraphs
         return std::error_code(ParagraphParseResult::EXPECTED_ONE_PARAGRAPH);
     }
 
-    Expected<RawParagraph> get_single_paragraph(const Files::Filesystem& fs,
-                                                                                const fs::path& control_path)
+    Expected<RawParagraph> get_single_paragraph(const Files::Filesystem& fs, const fs::path& control_path)
     {
         const Expected<std::string> contents = fs.read_contents(control_path);
         if (auto spgh = contents.get())
@@ -189,8 +187,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Paragraphs
         return contents.error();
     }
 
-    Expected<std::vector<RawParagraph>> get_paragraphs(const Files::Filesystem& fs,
-                                                                                       const fs::path& control_path)
+    Expected<std::vector<RawParagraph>> get_paragraphs(const Files::Filesystem& fs, const fs::path& control_path)
     {
         const Expected<std::string> contents = fs.read_contents(control_path);
         if (auto spgh = contents.get())
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/parse.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/parse.cpp
index 68fac0b0f..9c9968249 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/parse.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/parse.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace vcpkg::Parse
 {
-    static Optional<std::string> remove_field(RawParagraph* fields,
-                                              const std::string& fieldname)
+    static Optional<std::string> remove_field(RawParagraph* fields, const std::string& fieldname)
     {
         auto it = fields->find(fieldname);
         if (it == fields->end())
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/remove.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/remove.cpp
index 84ec6c981..65e00668a 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/remove.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/remove.cpp
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Remove
                     if (ec)
                     {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-                        fs::stdfs::permissions(target, fs::stdfs::perms::owner_all | fs::stdfs::perms::group_all, ec);
+                        fs::stdfs::permissions(target, fs::perms::owner_all | fs::perms::group_all, ec);
                         fs.remove(target, ec);
                         if (ec)
                         {
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Remove
 #endif
                     }
                 }
-                else if (!fs::stdfs::exists(status))
+                else if (!fs::exists(status))
                 {
                     System::printf(System::Color::warning, "Warning: %s: file not found\n", target.u8string());
                 }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/sourceparagraph.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/sourceparagraph.cpp
index a5054eb3b..298095df6 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/sourceparagraph.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/sourceparagraph.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
+#include <vcpkg/logicexpression.h>
 #include <vcpkg/packagespec.h>
 #include <vcpkg/sourceparagraph.h>
 #include <vcpkg/triplet.h>
-#include <vcpkg/logicexpression.h>
 
 #include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
 #include <vcpkg/base/expected.h>
@@ -223,26 +223,25 @@ namespace vcpkg
         std::vector<std::string> ret;
         for (auto&& dep : deps)
         {
-			const auto & qualifier = dep.qualifier;
-			if (qualifier.empty() || evaluate_expression(qualifier, t.canonical_name()))
-			{
-				ret.emplace_back(dep.name());
-			}
+            const auto& qualifier = dep.qualifier;
+            if (qualifier.empty() || evaluate_expression(qualifier, t.canonical_name()))
+            {
+                ret.emplace_back(dep.name());
+            }
         }
         return ret;
     }
 
-    std::vector<Features> filter_dependencies_to_features(const std::vector<vcpkg::Dependency>& deps,
-                                                          const Triplet& t)
+    std::vector<Features> filter_dependencies_to_features(const std::vector<vcpkg::Dependency>& deps, const Triplet& t)
     {
         std::vector<Features> ret;
         for (auto&& dep : deps)
         {
-			const auto & qualifier = dep.qualifier;
-			if (qualifier.empty() || evaluate_expression(qualifier, t.canonical_name()))
-			{
-				ret.emplace_back(dep.depend);
-			}
+            const auto& qualifier = dep.qualifier;
+            if (qualifier.empty() || evaluate_expression(qualifier, t.canonical_name()))
+            {
+                ret.emplace_back(dep.depend);
+            }
         }
         return ret;
     }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/userconfig.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/userconfig.cpp
index 3551ae81e..a3c019be7 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/userconfig.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/userconfig.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
             {
                 const auto& pghs = *p_pghs;
 
-				Parse::RawParagraph keys;
+                Parse::RawParagraph keys;
                 if (pghs.size() > 0) keys = pghs[0];
 
                 for (size_t x = 1; x < pghs.size(); ++x)
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgcmdarguments.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgcmdarguments.cpp
index 452c7ca19..e48340df7 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgcmdarguments.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgcmdarguments.cpp
@@ -148,9 +148,8 @@ namespace vcpkg
                 }
                 if (Strings::starts_with(arg, "--scripts-root="))
                 {
-                    parse_cojoined_value(arg.substr(sizeof("--scripts-root=") - 1),
-                                                    "--scripts-root",
-                                                    args.scripts_root_dir);
+                    parse_cojoined_value(
+                        arg.substr(sizeof("--scripts-root=") - 1), "--scripts-root", args.scripts_root_dir);
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (arg == "--triplet")
@@ -161,16 +160,14 @@ namespace vcpkg
                 }
                 if (Strings::starts_with(arg, "--overlay-ports="))
                 {
-                    parse_cojoined_multivalue(arg.substr(sizeof("--overlay-ports=") - 1),
-                                              "--overlay-ports",
-                                              args.overlay_ports);
+                    parse_cojoined_multivalue(
+                        arg.substr(sizeof("--overlay-ports=") - 1), "--overlay-ports", args.overlay_ports);
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (Strings::starts_with(arg, "--overlay-triplets="))
                 {
-                    parse_cojoined_multivalue(arg.substr(sizeof("--overlay-triplets=") - 1),
-                                              "--overlay-triplets",
-                                              args.overlay_triplets);
+                    parse_cojoined_multivalue(
+                        arg.substr(sizeof("--overlay-triplets=") - 1), "--overlay-triplets", args.overlay_triplets);
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (arg == "--debug")
@@ -224,11 +221,11 @@ namespace vcpkg
                 {
                     const auto& key = arg.substr(0, eq_pos);
                     const auto& value = arg.substr(eq_pos + 1);
-                    
+
                     auto it = args.optional_command_arguments.find(key);
                     if (args.optional_command_arguments.end() == it)
                     {
-                        args.optional_command_arguments.emplace(key, std::vector<std::string> { value });
+                        args.optional_command_arguments.emplace(key, std::vector<std::string>{value});
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -370,8 +367,9 @@ namespace vcpkg
                     {
                         if (v.empty())
                         {
-                            System::printf(
-                                System::Color::error, "Error: The option '%s' must be passed an argument.\n", option.name);
+                            System::printf(System::Color::error,
+                                           "Error: The option '%s' must be passed an argument.\n",
+                                           option.name);
                             failed = true;
                         }
                         else
@@ -425,12 +423,9 @@ namespace vcpkg
             System::printf("    %-40s %s\n", (option.name + "=..."), option.short_help_text);
         }
         System::printf("    %-40s %s\n", "--triplet <t>", "Set the default triplet for unqualified packages");
-        System::printf("    %-40s %s\n", 
-                       "--overlay-ports=<path>", 
-                       "Specify directories to be used when searching for ports");
-        System::printf("    %-40s %s\n",
-                       "--overlay-triplets=<path>",
-                       "Specify directories containing triplets files");
+        System::printf(
+            "    %-40s %s\n", "--overlay-ports=<path>", "Specify directories to be used when searching for ports");
+        System::printf("    %-40s %s\n", "--overlay-triplets=<path>", "Specify directories containing triplets files");
         System::printf("    %-40s %s\n",
                        "--vcpkg-root <path>",
                        "Specify the vcpkg directory to use instead of current directory or tool directory");
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.cpp
index d16acf2e8..c5b5749ff 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
         if (auto odp = overriddenDownloadsPath.get())
         {
             auto asPath = fs::u8path(*odp);
-            if (!fs::stdfs::is_directory(asPath))
+            if (!fs::is_directory(status(asPath)))
             {
                 Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("error", "Invalid VCPKG_DOWNLOADS override directory.");
                 Checks::exit_with_message(
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ namespace vcpkg
         {
             if (scripts_dir->empty() || !fs::stdfs::is_directory(*scripts_dir))
             {
-                    Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("error", "Invalid scripts override directory.");
-                    Checks::exit_with_message(
-                        VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                        "Invalid scripts override directory: %s; "
-                        "create that directory or unset --scripts-root to use the default scripts location.",
-                        scripts_dir->u8string());
+                Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("error", "Invalid scripts override directory.");
+                Checks::exit_with_message(
+                    VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                    "Invalid scripts override directory: %s; "
+                    "create that directory or unset --scripts-root to use the default scripts location.",
+                    scripts_dir->u8string());
             }
 
             paths.scripts = *scripts_dir;
@@ -147,26 +147,25 @@ namespace vcpkg
             }
             Util::sort_unique_erase(output);
             return output;
-            });
+        });
     }
 
     const fs::path VcpkgPaths::get_triplet_file_path(const Triplet& triplet) const
     {
-        return m_triplets_cache.get_lazy(triplet, [&]()-> auto {
-            for (auto&& triplet_dir : triplets_dirs)
-            {
-                auto&& path = triplet_dir / (triplet.canonical_name() + ".cmake");
-                if (this->get_filesystem().exists(path))
+        return m_triplets_cache.get_lazy(
+            triplet, [&]() -> auto {
+                for (auto&& triplet_dir : triplets_dirs)
                 {
-                    return path;
+                    auto&& path = triplet_dir / (triplet.canonical_name() + ".cmake");
+                    if (this->get_filesystem().exists(path))
+                    {
+                        return path;
+                    }
                 }
-            }
 
-            Checks::exit_with_message(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                                      "Error: Triplet file %s.cmake not found",
-                                      triplet.canonical_name());
-        });
-        
+                Checks::exit_with_message(
+                    VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Error: Triplet file %s.cmake not found", triplet.canonical_name());
+            });
     }
 
     const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_tool_exe(const std::string& tool) const