Merge from master

68 files changed, 3004 insertions, 1863 deletions

diff --git a/toolsrc/src/VcpkgPaths.cpp b/toolsrc/src/VcpkgPaths.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 865f2ce44..000000000
--- a/toolsrc/src/VcpkgPaths.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,417 +0,0 @@
-#include "pch.h"
-
-#include "PackageSpec.h"
-#include "VcpkgPaths.h"
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-#include "vcpkg_expected.h"
-
-namespace vcpkg
-{
-    static std::string WORKAROUND_ISSUE_1712(const std::string& line)
-    {
-        auto colon_pos = line.find(':');
-        if (colon_pos != std::string::npos && colon_pos > 1)
-        {
-            return line.substr(colon_pos - 1);
-        }
-        return line;
-    }
-
-    static bool exists_and_has_equal_or_greater_version(const std::wstring& version_cmd,
-                                                        const std::array<int, 3>& expected_version)
-    {
-        static const std::regex re(R"###((\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+))###");
-
-        auto rc = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(Strings::wformat(LR"(%s)", version_cmd));
-        if (rc.exit_code != 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        std::match_results<std::string::const_iterator> match;
-        auto found = std::regex_search(rc.output, match, re);
-        if (!found)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        int d1 = atoi(match[1].str().c_str());
-        int d2 = atoi(match[2].str().c_str());
-        int d3 = atoi(match[3].str().c_str());
-        if (d1 > expected_version[0] || (d1 == expected_version[0] && d2 > expected_version[1]) ||
-            (d1 == expected_version[0] && d2 == expected_version[1] && d3 >= expected_version[2]))
-        {
-            // satisfactory version found
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    static Optional<fs::path> find_if_has_equal_or_greater_version(const std::vector<fs::path>& candidate_paths,
-                                                                   const std::wstring& version_check_arguments,
-                                                                   const std::array<int, 3>& expected_version)
-    {
-        auto it = Util::find_if(candidate_paths, [&](const fs::path& p) {
-            const std::wstring cmd = Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" %s)", p.native(), version_check_arguments);
-            return exists_and_has_equal_or_greater_version(cmd, expected_version);
-        });
-
-        if (it != candidate_paths.cend())
-        {
-            return std::move(*it);
-        }
-
-        return nullopt;
-    }
-
-    static fs::path fetch_dependency(const fs::path& scripts_folder,
-                                     const std::wstring& tool_name,
-                                     const fs::path& expected_downloaded_path,
-                                     const std::array<int, 3>& version)
-    {
-        const fs::path script = scripts_folder / "fetchDependency.ps1";
-        auto install_cmd = System::create_powershell_script_cmd(script, Strings::wformat(L"-Dependency %s", tool_name));
-        System::ExitCodeAndOutput rc = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(install_cmd);
-        if (rc.exit_code)
-        {
-            const std::string version_as_string = Strings::format("%d.%d.%d", version[0], version[1], version[2]);
-
-            System::println(System::Color::error,
-                            "Launching powershell failed or was denied when trying to fetch %s version %s.\n"
-                            "(No sufficient installed version was found)",
-                            Strings::to_utf8(tool_name),
-                            version_as_string);
-            {
-                auto locked_metrics = Metrics::g_metrics.lock();
-                locked_metrics->track_property("error", "powershell install failed");
-                locked_metrics->track_property("dependency", tool_name);
-            }
-            Checks::exit_with_code(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, rc.exit_code);
-        }
-
-        const fs::path actual_downloaded_path = WORKAROUND_ISSUE_1712(Strings::trimmed(rc.output));
-        std::error_code ec;
-        auto eq = fs::stdfs::equivalent(expected_downloaded_path, actual_downloaded_path, ec);
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                           eq && !ec,
-                           "Expected dependency downloaded path to be %s, but was %s",
-                           expected_downloaded_path.u8string(),
-                           actual_downloaded_path.u8string());
-        return actual_downloaded_path;
-    }
-
-    static fs::path get_cmake_path(const fs::path& downloads_folder, const fs::path& scripts_folder)
-    {
-        static constexpr std::array<int, 3> expected_version = {3, 9, 1};
-        static const std::wstring version_check_arguments = L"--version";
-
-        const fs::path downloaded_copy = downloads_folder / "cmake-3.9.1-win32-x86" / "bin" / "cmake.exe";
-        const std::vector<fs::path> from_path = Files::find_from_PATH(L"cmake");
-
-        std::vector<fs::path> candidate_paths;
-        candidate_paths.push_back(downloaded_copy);
-        candidate_paths.insert(candidate_paths.end(), from_path.cbegin(), from_path.cend());
-        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_ProgramFiles_platform_bitness() / "CMake" / "bin" / "cmake.exe");
-        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_ProgramFiles_32_bit() / "CMake" / "bin");
-
-        const Optional<fs::path> path =
-            find_if_has_equal_or_greater_version(candidate_paths, version_check_arguments, expected_version);
-        if (auto p = path.get())
-        {
-            return *p;
-        }
-
-        return fetch_dependency(scripts_folder, L"cmake", downloaded_copy, expected_version);
-    }
-
-    fs::path get_nuget_path(const fs::path& downloads_folder, const fs::path& scripts_folder)
-    {
-        static constexpr std::array<int, 3> expected_version = {4, 1, 0};
-        static const std::wstring version_check_arguments = Strings::WEMPTY;
-
-        const fs::path downloaded_copy = downloads_folder / "nuget-4.1.0" / "nuget.exe";
-        const std::vector<fs::path> from_path = Files::find_from_PATH(L"nuget");
-
-        std::vector<fs::path> candidate_paths;
-        candidate_paths.push_back(downloaded_copy);
-        candidate_paths.insert(candidate_paths.end(), from_path.cbegin(), from_path.cend());
-
-        auto path = find_if_has_equal_or_greater_version(candidate_paths, version_check_arguments, expected_version);
-        if (auto p = path.get())
-        {
-            return *p;
-        }
-
-        return fetch_dependency(scripts_folder, L"nuget", downloaded_copy, expected_version);
-    }
-
-    fs::path get_git_path(const fs::path& downloads_folder, const fs::path& scripts_folder)
-    {
-        static constexpr std::array<int, 3> expected_version = {2, 14, 1};
-        static const std::wstring version_check_arguments = L"--version";
-
-        const fs::path downloaded_copy = downloads_folder / "MinGit-2.14.1-32-bit" / "cmd" / "git.exe";
-        const std::vector<fs::path> from_path = Files::find_from_PATH(L"git");
-
-        std::vector<fs::path> candidate_paths;
-        candidate_paths.push_back(downloaded_copy);
-        candidate_paths.insert(candidate_paths.end(), from_path.cbegin(), from_path.cend());
-        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_ProgramFiles_platform_bitness() / "git" / "cmd" / "git.exe");
-        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_ProgramFiles_32_bit() / "git" / "cmd" / "git.exe");
-
-        const Optional<fs::path> path =
-            find_if_has_equal_or_greater_version(candidate_paths, version_check_arguments, expected_version);
-        if (auto p = path.get())
-        {
-            return *p;
-        }
-
-        return fetch_dependency(scripts_folder, L"git", downloaded_copy, expected_version);
-    }
-
-    Expected<VcpkgPaths> VcpkgPaths::create(const fs::path& vcpkg_root_dir)
-    {
-        std::error_code ec;
-        const fs::path canonical_vcpkg_root_dir = fs::stdfs::canonical(vcpkg_root_dir, ec);
-        if (ec)
-        {
-            return ec;
-        }
-
-        VcpkgPaths paths;
-        paths.root = canonical_vcpkg_root_dir;
-
-        if (paths.root.empty())
-        {
-            Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("error", "Invalid vcpkg root directory");
-            Checks::exit_with_message(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Invalid vcpkg root directory: %s", paths.root.string());
-        }
-
-        paths.packages = paths.root / "packages";
-        paths.buildtrees = paths.root / "buildtrees";
-        paths.downloads = paths.root / "downloads";
-        paths.ports = paths.root / "ports";
-        paths.installed = paths.root / "installed";
-        paths.triplets = paths.root / "triplets";
-        paths.scripts = paths.root / "scripts";
-
-        paths.buildsystems = paths.scripts / "buildsystems";
-        paths.buildsystems_msbuild_targets = paths.buildsystems / "msbuild" / "vcpkg.targets";
-
-        paths.vcpkg_dir = paths.installed / "vcpkg";
-        paths.vcpkg_dir_status_file = paths.vcpkg_dir / "status";
-        paths.vcpkg_dir_info = paths.vcpkg_dir / "info";
-        paths.vcpkg_dir_updates = paths.vcpkg_dir / "updates";
-
-        paths.ports_cmake = paths.scripts / "ports.cmake";
-
-        return paths;
-    }
-
-    fs::path VcpkgPaths::package_dir(const PackageSpec& spec) const { return this->packages / spec.dir(); }
-
-    fs::path VcpkgPaths::port_dir(const PackageSpec& spec) const { return this->ports / spec.name(); }
-    fs::path VcpkgPaths::port_dir(const std::string& name) const { return this->ports / name; }
-
-    fs::path VcpkgPaths::build_info_file_path(const PackageSpec& spec) const
-    {
-        return this->package_dir(spec) / "BUILD_INFO";
-    }
-
-    fs::path VcpkgPaths::listfile_path(const BinaryParagraph& pgh) const
-    {
-        return this->vcpkg_dir_info / (pgh.fullstem() + ".list");
-    }
-
-    bool VcpkgPaths::is_valid_triplet(const Triplet& t) const
-    {
-        for (auto&& path : get_filesystem().get_files_non_recursive(this->triplets))
-        {
-            std::string triplet_file_name = path.stem().generic_u8string();
-            if (t.canonical_name() == triplet_file_name) // TODO: fuzzy compare
-            {
-                // t.value = triplet_file_name; // NOTE: uncomment when implementing fuzzy compare
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_cmake_exe() const
-    {
-        return this->cmake_exe.get_lazy([this]() { return get_cmake_path(this->downloads, this->scripts); });
-    }
-
-    const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_git_exe() const
-    {
-        return this->git_exe.get_lazy([this]() { return get_git_path(this->downloads, this->scripts); });
-    }
-
-    const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_nuget_exe() const
-    {
-        return this->nuget_exe.get_lazy([this]() { return get_nuget_path(this->downloads, this->scripts); });
-    }
-
-    static std::vector<std::string> get_VS2017_installation_instances(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
-    {
-        const fs::path script = paths.scripts / "findVisualStudioInstallationInstances.ps1";
-        const std::wstring cmd = System::create_powershell_script_cmd(script);
-        System::ExitCodeAndOutput ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd);
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0, "Could not run script to detect VS 2017 instances");
-        return Util::fmap(Strings::split(ec_data.output, "\n"), WORKAROUND_ISSUE_1712);
-    }
-
-    static Optional<fs::path> get_VS2015_installation_instance()
-    {
-        const Optional<std::wstring> vs2015_cmntools_optional = System::get_environment_variable(L"VS140COMNTOOLS");
-        if (auto v = vs2015_cmntools_optional.get())
-        {
-            const fs::path vs2015_cmntools = fs::path(*v).parent_path(); // The call to parent_path() is needed because
-                                                                         // the env variable has a trailing backslash
-            return vs2015_cmntools.parent_path().parent_path();
-        }
-
-        return nullopt;
-    }
-
-    static std::vector<Toolset> find_toolset_instances(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
-    {
-        using CPU = System::CPUArchitecture;
-
-        const auto& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
-
-        const std::vector<std::string> vs2017_installation_instances = get_VS2017_installation_instances(paths);
-        // Note: this will contain a mix of vcvarsall.bat locations and dumpbin.exe locations.
-        std::vector<fs::path> paths_examined;
-
-        std::vector<Toolset> found_toolsets;
-
-        // VS2015
-        const Optional<fs::path> vs_2015_installation_instance = get_VS2015_installation_instance();
-        if (auto v = vs_2015_installation_instance.get())
-        {
-            const fs::path vs2015_vcvarsall_bat = *v / "VC" / "vcvarsall.bat";
-
-            paths_examined.push_back(vs2015_vcvarsall_bat);
-            if (fs.exists(vs2015_vcvarsall_bat))
-            {
-                const fs::path vs2015_dumpbin_exe = *v / "VC" / "bin" / "dumpbin.exe";
-                paths_examined.push_back(vs2015_dumpbin_exe);
-
-                const fs::path vs2015_bin_dir = vs2015_vcvarsall_bat.parent_path() / "bin";
-                std::vector<ToolsetArchOption> supported_architectures;
-                if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "vcvars32.bat"))
-                    supported_architectures.push_back({L"x86", CPU::X86, CPU::X86});
-                if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "amd64\\vcvars64.bat"))
-                    supported_architectures.push_back({L"x64", CPU::X64, CPU::X64});
-                if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "x86_amd64\\vcvarsx86_amd64.bat"))
-                    supported_architectures.push_back({L"x86_amd64", CPU::X86, CPU::X64});
-                if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "x86_arm\\vcvarsx86_arm.bat"))
-                    supported_architectures.push_back({L"x86_arm", CPU::X86, CPU::ARM});
-                if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "amd64_x86\\vcvarsamd64_x86.bat"))
-                    supported_architectures.push_back({L"amd64_x86", CPU::X64, CPU::X86});
-                if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "amd64_arm\\vcvarsamd64_arm.bat"))
-                    supported_architectures.push_back({L"amd64_arm", CPU::X64, CPU::ARM});
-
-                if (fs.exists(vs2015_dumpbin_exe))
-                {
-                    found_toolsets.push_back(
-                        {vs2015_dumpbin_exe, vs2015_vcvarsall_bat, L"v140", supported_architectures});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // VS2017
-        Optional<Toolset> vs2017_toolset;
-        for (const fs::path& instance : vs2017_installation_instances)
-        {
-            const fs::path vc_dir = instance / "VC";
-
-            // Skip any instances that do not have vcvarsall.
-            const fs::path vcvarsall_dir = vc_dir / "Auxiliary" / "Build";
-            const fs::path vcvarsall_bat = vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsall.bat";
-            paths_examined.push_back(vcvarsall_bat);
-            if (!fs.exists(vcvarsall_bat)) continue;
-
-            // Get all supported architectures
-            std::vector<ToolsetArchOption> supported_architectures;
-            if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvars32.bat"))
-                supported_architectures.push_back({L"x86", CPU::X86, CPU::X86});
-            if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvars64.bat"))
-                supported_architectures.push_back({L"amd64", CPU::X64, CPU::X64});
-            if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsx86_amd64.bat"))
-                supported_architectures.push_back({L"x86_amd64", CPU::X86, CPU::X64});
-            if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsx86_arm.bat"))
-                supported_architectures.push_back({L"x86_arm", CPU::X86, CPU::ARM});
-            if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsamd64_x86.bat"))
-                supported_architectures.push_back({L"amd64_x86", CPU::X64, CPU::X86});
-            if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsamd64_arm.bat"))
-                supported_architectures.push_back({L"amd64_arm", CPU::X64, CPU::ARM});
-
-            // Locate the "best" MSVC toolchain version
-            const fs::path msvc_path = vc_dir / "Tools" / "MSVC";
-            std::vector<fs::path> msvc_subdirectories = fs.get_files_non_recursive(msvc_path);
-            Util::unstable_keep_if(msvc_subdirectories, [&fs](const fs::path& path) { return fs.is_directory(path); });
-
-            // Sort them so that latest comes first
-            std::sort(msvc_subdirectories.begin(),
-                      msvc_subdirectories.end(),
-                      [](const fs::path& left, const fs::path& right) { return left.filename() > right.filename(); });
-
-            for (const fs::path& subdir : msvc_subdirectories)
-            {
-                const fs::path dumpbin_path = subdir / "bin" / "HostX86" / "x86" / "dumpbin.exe";
-                paths_examined.push_back(dumpbin_path);
-                if (fs.exists(dumpbin_path))
-                {
-                    vs2017_toolset = Toolset{dumpbin_path, vcvarsall_bat, L"v141", supported_architectures};
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (auto value = vs2017_toolset.get())
-            {
-                found_toolsets.push_back(*value);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (found_toolsets.empty())
-        {
-            System::println(System::Color::error, "Could not locate a complete toolset.");
-            System::println("The following paths were examined:");
-            for (const fs::path& path : paths_examined)
-            {
-                System::println("    %s", path.u8string());
-            }
-            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        }
-
-        return found_toolsets;
-    }
-
-    const Toolset& VcpkgPaths::get_toolset(const std::string& toolset_version) const
-    {
-        // Invariant: toolsets are non-empty and sorted with newest at back()
-        const auto& vs_toolsets = this->toolsets.get_lazy([this]() { return find_toolset_instances(*this); });
-
-        if (toolset_version.empty())
-        {
-            return vs_toolsets.back();
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            const auto toolset = Util::find_if(vs_toolsets, [&](const Toolset& toolset) {
-                return toolset_version == Strings::to_utf8(toolset.version);
-            });
-            Checks::check_exit(
-                VCPKG_LINE_INFO, toolset != vs_toolsets.end(), "Could not find toolset '%s'", toolset_version);
-            return *toolset;
-        }
-    }
-
-    Files::Filesystem& VcpkgPaths::get_filesystem() const { return Files::get_real_filesystem(); }
-}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_build.cpp b/toolsrc/src/commands_build.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 26a783a4b..000000000
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_build.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-#include "pch.h"
-
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "PostBuildLint.h"
-#include "StatusParagraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Dependencies.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Enums.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
-
-using vcpkg::Build::BuildResult;
-using vcpkg::Parse::ParseControlErrorInfo;
-using vcpkg::Parse::ParseExpected;
-
-namespace vcpkg::Commands::BuildCommand
-{
-    using Dependencies::InstallPlanAction;
-    using Dependencies::InstallPlanType;
-
-    static const std::string OPTION_CHECKS_ONLY = "--checks-only";
-
-    void perform_and_exit(const FullPackageSpec& full_spec,
-                          const fs::path& port_dir,
-                          const std::unordered_set<std::string>& options,
-                          const VcpkgPaths& paths)
-    {
-        const PackageSpec& spec = full_spec.package_spec;
-        if (options.find(OPTION_CHECKS_ONLY) != options.end())
-        {
-            const auto pre_build_info = Build::PreBuildInfo::from_triplet_file(paths, spec.triplet());
-            const auto build_info = Build::read_build_info(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.build_info_file_path(spec));
-            const size_t error_count = PostBuildLint::perform_all_checks(spec, paths, pre_build_info, build_info);
-            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, error_count == 0);
-            Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        }
-
-        const ParseExpected<SourceControlFile> source_control_file =
-            Paragraphs::try_load_port(paths.get_filesystem(), port_dir);
-
-        if (!source_control_file.has_value())
-        {
-            print_error_message(source_control_file.error());
-            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        }
-
-        for (const std::string& str : full_spec.features)
-        {
-            System::println("%s \n", str);
-        }
-        const auto& scf = source_control_file.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                           spec.name() == scf->core_paragraph->name,
-                           "The Name: field inside the CONTROL does not match the port directory: '%s' != '%s'",
-                           scf->core_paragraph->name,
-                           spec.name());
-
-        const StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
-        const Build::BuildPackageOptions build_package_options{Build::UseHeadVersion::NO, Build::AllowDownloads::YES};
-
-        const Build::BuildPackageConfig build_config{
-            *scf->core_paragraph, spec.triplet(), paths.port_dir(spec), build_package_options};
-
-        const auto result = Build::build_package(paths, build_config, status_db);
-        if (result.code == BuildResult::CASCADED_DUE_TO_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
-        {
-            System::println(System::Color::error,
-                            "The build command requires all dependencies to be already installed.");
-            System::println("The following dependencies are missing:");
-            System::println();
-            for (const auto& p : result.unmet_dependencies)
-            {
-                System::println("    %s", p);
-            }
-            System::println();
-            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        }
-
-        if (result.code != BuildResult::SUCCEEDED)
-        {
-            System::println(System::Color::error, Build::create_error_message(result.code, spec));
-            System::println(Build::create_user_troubleshooting_message(spec));
-            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        }
-
-        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-    }
-
-    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
-    {
-        static const std::string example = Commands::Help::create_example_string("build zlib:x64-windows");
-        args.check_exact_arg_count(
-            1, example); // Build only takes a single package and all dependencies must already be installed
-        const std::string command_argument = args.command_arguments.at(0);
-        const FullPackageSpec spec = Input::check_and_get_full_package_spec(command_argument, default_triplet, example);
-        Input::check_triplet(spec.package_spec.triplet(), paths);
-        const std::unordered_set<std::string> options =
-            args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({OPTION_CHECKS_ONLY});
-        perform_and_exit(spec, paths.port_dir(spec.package_spec), options, paths);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_ci.cpp b/toolsrc/src/commands_ci.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f781adf69..000000000
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_ci.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-#include "pch.h"
-
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Build.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Chrono.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Dependencies.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
-
-namespace vcpkg::Commands::CI
-{
-    using Dependencies::InstallPlanAction;
-    using Dependencies::InstallPlanType;
-    using Build::BuildResult;
-
-    static std::vector<PackageSpec> load_all_package_specs(Files::Filesystem& fs,
-                                                           const fs::path& ports_directory,
-                                                           const Triplet& triplet)
-    {
-        auto ports = Paragraphs::load_all_ports(fs, ports_directory);
-        return Util::fmap(ports, [&](auto&& control_file) -> PackageSpec {
-            return PackageSpec::from_name_and_triplet(control_file->core_paragraph->name, triplet)
-                .value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        });
-    }
-
-    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
-    {
-        static const std::string example = Commands::Help::create_example_string("ci x64-windows");
-        args.check_max_arg_count(1, example);
-        const Triplet triplet = args.command_arguments.size() == 1
-                                    ? Triplet::from_canonical_name(args.command_arguments.at(0))
-                                    : default_triplet;
-        Input::check_triplet(triplet, paths);
-        args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
-        const std::vector<PackageSpec> specs = load_all_package_specs(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.ports, triplet);
-
-        StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
-        const auto& paths_port_file = Dependencies::PathsPortFile(paths);
-        const std::vector<InstallPlanAction> install_plan =
-            Dependencies::create_install_plan(paths_port_file, specs, status_db);
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !install_plan.empty(), "Install plan cannot be empty");
-
-        std::vector<BuildResult> results;
-        std::vector<std::string> timing;
-        const ElapsedTime timer = ElapsedTime::create_started();
-        size_t counter = 0;
-        const size_t package_count = install_plan.size();
-        const Build::BuildPackageOptions install_plan_options = {Build::UseHeadVersion::NO, Build::AllowDownloads::YES};
-
-        for (const InstallPlanAction& action : install_plan)
-        {
-            const ElapsedTime build_timer = ElapsedTime::create_started();
-            counter++;
-            const std::string display_name = action.spec.to_string();
-            System::println("Starting package %d/%d: %s", counter, package_count, display_name);
-
-            timing.push_back("0");
-            results.push_back(BuildResult::NULLVALUE);
-
-            const BuildResult result =
-                Install::perform_install_plan_action(paths, action, install_plan_options, status_db);
-            timing.back() = build_timer.to_string();
-            results.back() = result;
-            System::println("Elapsed time for package %s: %s", action.spec, build_timer.to_string());
-        }
-
-        System::println("Total time taken: %s", timer.to_string());
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < results.size(); i++)
-        {
-            System::println("%s: %s: %s", install_plan[i].spec, Build::to_string(results[i]), timing[i]);
-        }
-
-        std::map<BuildResult, int> summary;
-        for (const BuildResult& v : Build::BuildResult_values)
-        {
-            summary[v] = 0;
-        }
-
-        for (const BuildResult& r : results)
-        {
-            summary[r]++;
-        }
-
-        System::println("\n\nSUMMARY");
-        for (const std::pair<const BuildResult, int>& entry : summary)
-        {
-            System::println("    %s: %d", Build::to_string(entry.first), entry.second);
-        }
-
-        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_hash.cpp b/toolsrc/src/commands_hash.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b3211b9f8..000000000
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_hash.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-#include "pch.h"
-
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-
-namespace vcpkg::Commands::Hash
-{
-    static void do_file_hash(fs::path const& path, std::wstring const& hash_type)
-    {
-        const auto cmd_line = Strings::wformat(LR"(CertUtil.exe -hashfile "%s" %s)", path.c_str(), hash_type);
-        const auto ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd_line);
-        Checks::check_exit(
-            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0, "Running command:\n   %s\n failed", Strings::to_utf8(cmd_line));
-
-        std::string const& output = ec_data.output;
-
-        const auto start = output.find_first_of("\r\n");
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                           start != std::string::npos,
-                           "Unexpected output format from command: %s",
-                           Strings::to_utf8(cmd_line));
-
-        const auto end = output.find_first_of("\r\n", start + 1);
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                           end != std::string::npos,
-                           "Unexpected output format from command: %s",
-                           Strings::to_utf8(cmd_line));
-
-        auto hash = output.substr(start, end - start);
-        Util::erase_remove_if(hash, isspace);
-        System::println(hash);
-    }
-
-    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
-    {
-        static const std::string EXAMPLE =
-            Strings::format("The argument should be a file path\n%s",
-                            Commands::Help::create_example_string("hash boost_1_62_0.tar.bz2"));
-        args.check_min_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
-        args.check_max_arg_count(2, EXAMPLE);
-        args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
-
-        if (args.command_arguments.size() == 1)
-        {
-            do_file_hash(args.command_arguments[0], L"SHA512");
-        }
-        if (args.command_arguments.size() == 2)
-        {
-            do_file_hash(args.command_arguments[0], Strings::to_utf16(args.command_arguments[1]));
-        }
-
-        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_version.cpp b/toolsrc/src/commands_version.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index af81cd26e..000000000
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_version.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#include "pch.h"
-
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-
-#define STRINGIFY(...) #__VA_ARGS__
-#define MACRO_TO_STRING(X) STRINGIFY(X)
-
-#define VCPKG_VERSION_AS_STRING MACRO_TO_STRING(VCPKG_VERSION)
-
-namespace vcpkg::Commands::Version
-{
-    const std::string& version()
-    {
-        static const std::string s_version =
-#include "../VERSION.txt"
-
-            +std::string(VCPKG_VERSION_AS_STRING)
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-            + std::string("-debug")
-#endif
-            + std::string(Metrics::get_compiled_metrics_enabled() ? Strings::EMPTY : "-external");
-        return s_version;
-    }
-
-    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
-    {
-        args.check_exact_arg_count(0);
-        args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
-
-        System::println("Vcpkg package management program version %s\n"
-                        "\n"
-                        "See LICENSE.txt for license information.",
-                        version());
-        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/tests_arguments.cpp b/toolsrc/src/tests.arguments.cpp
index 14b3c3d4f..25bf0f085 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/tests_arguments.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/tests.arguments.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "CppUnitTest.h"

-#include "VcpkgCmdArguments.h"

+#include <CppUnitTest.h>

+#include <vcpkg/vcpkgcmdarguments.h>

 

 #pragma comment(lib, "version")

 #pragma comment(lib, "winhttp")

diff --git a/toolsrc/src/tests_dependencies.cpp b/toolsrc/src/tests.dependencies.cpp
index 6a6981d73..3f6e0dd10 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/tests_dependencies.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/tests.dependencies.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-#include "CppUnitTest.h"
-#include "SourceParagraph.h"
-#include "Triplet.h"
+#include <CppUnitTest.h>
+#include <vcpkg/sourceparagraph.h>
+#include <vcpkg/triplet.h>
 
 #pragma comment(lib, "version")
 #pragma comment(lib, "winhttp")
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/test_install_plan.cpp b/toolsrc/src/tests.installplan.cpp
index 6c9311264..120009db5 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/test_install_plan.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/tests.installplan.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-#include "CppUnitTest.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Dependencies.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
+#include <CppUnitTest.h>
+#include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
 
 using namespace Microsoft::VisualStudio::CppUnitTestFramework;
 
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/tests_package_spec.cpp b/toolsrc/src/tests.packagespec.cpp
index fa201b372..cb5c41af0 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/tests_package_spec.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/tests.packagespec.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-#include "BinaryParagraph.h"
-#include "CppUnitTest.h"
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
+#include <CppUnitTest.h>
+#include <vcpkg/binaryparagraph.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
 
 #pragma comment(lib, "version")
 #pragma comment(lib, "winhttp")
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ namespace UnitTest1
             std::array<const char*, 6> features = {"", "0", "1", "", "2", "3"};
             std::array<PackageSpec*, 6> specs = {&a_spec, &a_spec, &a_spec, &b_spec, &b_spec, &b_spec};
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < features.size(); ++i)
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < features.size(); ++i)
             {
                 Assert::AreEqual(features[i], fspecs[i].feature().c_str());
                 Assert::AreEqual(*specs[i], fspecs[i].spec());
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/tests_paragraph.cpp b/toolsrc/src/tests.paragraph.cpp
index 47a07e12d..d9301abd0 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/tests_paragraph.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/tests.paragraph.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-#include "BinaryParagraph.h"
-#include "CppUnitTest.h"
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
+#include <CppUnitTest.h>
+#include <vcpkg/binaryparagraph.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
 
 #pragma comment(lib, "version")
 #pragma comment(lib, "winhttp")
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg.cpp
index 781f03585..e1e2240e7 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg.cpp
@@ -1,27 +1,40 @@
+#if defined(_WIN32)
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #include <Windows.h>
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Chrono.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_GlobalState.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4768)
 #include <Shlobj.h>
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/chrono.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/input.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
+
 #include <cassert>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <memory>
 
+#pragma comment(lib, "ole32")
+#pragma comment(lib, "shell32")
+
 using namespace vcpkg;
 
 void invalid_command(const std::string& cmd)
 {
     System::println(System::Color::error, "invalid command: %s", cmd);
-    Commands::Help::print_usage();
+    Help::print_usage();
     Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
 }
 
@@ -30,13 +43,26 @@ static void inner(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
     Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("command", args.command);
     if (args.command.empty())
     {
-        Commands::Help::print_usage();
+        Help::print_usage();
         Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
     }
 
-    if (const auto command_function = Commands::find(args.command, Commands::get_available_commands_type_c()))
+    static const auto find_command = [&](auto&& commands) {
+        auto it = Util::find_if(commands, [&](auto&& commandc) {
+            return Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(commandc.name, args.command);
+        });
+        using std::end;
+        if (it != end(commands))
+        {
+            return &*it;
+        }
+        else
+            return static_cast<decltype(&*it)>(nullptr);
+    };
+
+    if (const auto command_function = find_command(Commands::get_available_commands_type_c()))
     {
-        return command_function(args);
+        return command_function->function(args);
     }
 
     fs::path vcpkg_root_dir;
@@ -46,15 +72,21 @@ static void inner(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
     }
     else
     {
-        const Optional<std::wstring> vcpkg_root_dir_env = System::get_environment_variable(L"VCPKG_ROOT");
+        const auto vcpkg_root_dir_env = System::get_environment_variable("VCPKG_ROOT");
         if (const auto v = vcpkg_root_dir_env.get())
         {
             vcpkg_root_dir = fs::stdfs::absolute(*v);
         }
         else
         {
-            vcpkg_root_dir = Files::get_real_filesystem().find_file_recursively_up(
-                fs::stdfs::absolute(System::get_exe_path_of_current_process()), ".vcpkg-root");
+            const fs::path current_path = fs::stdfs::current_path();
+            vcpkg_root_dir = Files::get_real_filesystem().find_file_recursively_up(current_path, ".vcpkg-root");
+
+            if (vcpkg_root_dir.empty())
+            {
+                vcpkg_root_dir = Files::get_real_filesystem().find_file_recursively_up(
+                    fs::stdfs::absolute(System::get_exe_path_of_current_process()), ".vcpkg-root");
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -67,12 +99,18 @@ static void inner(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
                        vcpkg_root_dir.string(),
                        expected_paths.error().message());
     const VcpkgPaths paths = expected_paths.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
     const int exit_code = _wchdir(paths.root.c_str());
+#else
+    const int exit_code = chdir(paths.root.c_str());
+#endif
     Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, exit_code == 0, "Changing the working dir failed");
+    Commands::Version::warn_if_vcpkg_version_mismatch(paths);
 
-    if (const auto command_function = Commands::find(args.command, Commands::get_available_commands_type_b()))
+    if (const auto command_function = find_command(Commands::get_available_commands_type_b()))
     {
-        return command_function(args, paths);
+        return command_function->function(args, paths);
     }
 
     Triplet default_triplet;
@@ -82,11 +120,10 @@ static void inner(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
     }
     else
     {
-        const Optional<std::wstring> vcpkg_default_triplet_env =
-            System::get_environment_variable(L"VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET");
+        const auto vcpkg_default_triplet_env = System::get_environment_variable("VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET");
         if (const auto v = vcpkg_default_triplet_env.get())
         {
-            default_triplet = Triplet::from_canonical_name(Strings::to_utf8(*v));
+            default_triplet = Triplet::from_canonical_name(*v);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -96,16 +133,17 @@ static void inner(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
 
     Input::check_triplet(default_triplet, paths);
 
-    if (const auto command_function = Commands::find(args.command, Commands::get_available_commands_type_a()))
+    if (const auto command_function = find_command(Commands::get_available_commands_type_a()))
     {
-        return command_function(args, paths, default_triplet);
+        return command_function->function(args, paths, default_triplet);
     }
 
     return invalid_command(args.command);
 }
 
-static void loadConfig()
+static void load_config()
 {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
     fs::path localappdata;
     {
         // Config path in AppDataLocal
@@ -165,6 +203,7 @@ static void loadConfig()
     catch (...)
     {
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 static std::string trim_path_from_command_line(const std::string& full_command_line)
@@ -188,26 +227,34 @@ static std::string trim_path_from_command_line(const std::string& full_command_l
     return std::string(it, full_command_line.cend());
 }
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
 int wmain(const int argc, const wchar_t* const* const argv)
+#else
+int main(const int argc, const char* const* const argv)
+#endif
 {
     if (argc == 0) std::abort();
 
+    *GlobalState::timer.lock() = Chrono::ElapsedTime::create_started();
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
     GlobalState::g_init_console_cp = GetConsoleCP();
     GlobalState::g_init_console_output_cp = GetConsoleOutputCP();
 
     SetConsoleCP(65001);
     SetConsoleOutputCP(65001);
 
-    *GlobalState::timer.lock() = ElapsedTime::create_started();
-
     const std::string trimmed_command_line = trim_path_from_command_line(Strings::to_utf8(GetCommandLineW()));
+#endif
 
     {
         auto locked_metrics = Metrics::g_metrics.lock();
         locked_metrics->track_property("version", Commands::Version::version());
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         locked_metrics->track_property("cmdline", trimmed_command_line);
+#endif
     }
-    loadConfig();
+    load_config();
     Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("sqmuser", Metrics::get_SQM_user());
 
     const VcpkgCmdArguments args = VcpkgCmdArguments::create_from_command_line(argc, argv);
@@ -254,6 +301,12 @@ int wmain(const int argc, const wchar_t* const* const argv)
                   exc_msg);
     fflush(stdout);
     for (int x = 0; x < argc; ++x)
+    {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         System::println("%s|", Strings::to_utf8(argv[x]));
+#else
+        System::println("%s|", argv[x]);
+#endif
+    }
     fflush(stdout);
 }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Checks.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/checks.cpp
index 3692a0e9a..ed28d6e2b 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Checks.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/checks.cpp
@@ -1,41 +1,54 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_GlobalState.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Checks
 {
     [[noreturn]] static void cleanup_and_exit(const int exit_code)
     {
-        auto elapsed_us = GlobalState::timer.lock()->microseconds();
+        const auto elapsed_us = GlobalState::timer.lock()->microseconds();
 
         auto metrics = Metrics::g_metrics.lock();
         metrics->track_metric("elapsed_us", elapsed_us);
         GlobalState::debugging = false;
         metrics->flush();
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         SetConsoleCP(GlobalState::g_init_console_cp);
         SetConsoleOutputCP(GlobalState::g_init_console_output_cp);
+#endif
 
         fflush(nullptr);
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         ::TerminateProcess(::GetCurrentProcess(), exit_code);
+#else
+        ::exit(exit_code);
+#endif
     }
 
-    static BOOL CtrlHandler(DWORD fdwCtrlType)
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    static BOOL ctrl_handler(DWORD fdw_ctrl_type)
     {
         {
             auto locked_metrics = Metrics::g_metrics.lock();
-            locked_metrics->track_property("CtrlHandler", std::to_string(fdwCtrlType));
+            locked_metrics->track_property("CtrlHandler", std::to_string(fdw_ctrl_type));
             locked_metrics->track_property("error", "CtrlHandler was fired.");
         }
         cleanup_and_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }
 
-    void register_console_ctrl_handler() { SetConsoleCtrlHandler((PHANDLER_ROUTINE)CtrlHandler, TRUE); }
+    void register_console_ctrl_handler()
+    {
+        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(reinterpret_cast<PHANDLER_ROUTINE>(ctrl_handler), TRUE);
+    }
+#else
+    void register_console_ctrl_handler() {}
+#endif
 
     [[noreturn]] void unreachable(const LineInfo& line_info)
     {
@@ -54,9 +67,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Checks
         cleanup_and_exit(exit_code);
     }
 
-    [[noreturn]] void exit_with_message(const LineInfo& line_info, const CStringView errorMessage)
+    [[noreturn]] void exit_with_message(const LineInfo& line_info, const CStringView error_message)
     {
-        System::println(System::Color::error, errorMessage);
+        System::println(System::Color::error, error_message);
         exit_fail(line_info);
     }
 
@@ -64,15 +77,15 @@ namespace vcpkg::Checks
     {
         if (!expression)
         {
-            exit_with_message(line_info, Strings::EMPTY);
+            exit_with_message(line_info, "");
         }
     }
 
-    void check_exit(const LineInfo& line_info, bool expression, const CStringView errorMessage)
+    void check_exit(const LineInfo& line_info, bool expression, const CStringView error_message)
     {
         if (!expression)
         {
-            exit_with_message(line_info, errorMessage);
+            exit_with_message(line_info, error_message);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Chrono.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/chrono.cpp
index d70f4a054..5d28909fc 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Chrono.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/chrono.cpp
@@ -1,49 +1,49 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Chrono.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/chrono.h>
 
-namespace vcpkg
+namespace vcpkg::Chrono
 {
     static std::string format_time_userfriendly(const std::chrono::nanoseconds& nanos)
     {
+        using std::chrono::duration_cast;
         using std::chrono::hours;
-        using std::chrono::minutes;
-        using std::chrono::seconds;
-        using std::chrono::milliseconds;
         using std::chrono::microseconds;
+        using std::chrono::milliseconds;
+        using std::chrono::minutes;
         using std::chrono::nanoseconds;
-        using std::chrono::duration_cast;
+        using std::chrono::seconds;
 
         const double nanos_as_double = static_cast<double>(nanos.count());
 
         if (duration_cast<hours>(nanos) > hours())
         {
-            auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(hours(1)).count();
+            const auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(hours(1)).count();
             return Strings::format("%.4g h", t);
         }
 
         if (duration_cast<minutes>(nanos) > minutes())
         {
-            auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(minutes(1)).count();
+            const auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(minutes(1)).count();
             return Strings::format("%.4g min", t);
         }
 
         if (duration_cast<seconds>(nanos) > seconds())
         {
-            auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(seconds(1)).count();
+            const auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(seconds(1)).count();
             return Strings::format("%.4g s", t);
         }
 
         if (duration_cast<milliseconds>(nanos) > milliseconds())
         {
-            auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(milliseconds(1)).count();
+            const auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(milliseconds(1)).count();
             return Strings::format("%.4g ms", t);
         }
 
         if (duration_cast<microseconds>(nanos) > microseconds())
         {
-            auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(microseconds(1)).count();
+            const auto t = nanos_as_double / duration_cast<nanoseconds>(microseconds(1)).count();
             return Strings::format("%.4g us", t);
         }
 
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/coff_file_reader.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/cofffilereader.cpp
index 10c1437c6..1927e0b5e 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/coff_file_reader.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/cofffilereader.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "coff_file_reader.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/cofffilereader.h>
 
 using namespace std;
 
-namespace vcpkg::COFFFileReader
+namespace vcpkg::CoffFileReader
 {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
     template<class T>
     static T reinterpret_bytes(const char* data)
     {
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::COFFFileReader
     template<class T>
     static T peek_value_from_stream(fstream& fs)
     {
-        const fpos_t original_pos = fs.tellg().seekpos();
+        const std::streampos original_pos = fs.tellg();
         T data;
         fs.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&data), sizeof data);
         fs.seekg(original_pos);
@@ -305,4 +306,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::COFFFileReader
 
         return {std::vector<MachineType>(machine_types.cbegin(), machine_types.cend())};
     }
+#else
+    DllInfo read_dll(const fs::path& path) { exit(-1); }
+    LibInfo read_lib(const fs::path& path) { exit(-1); }
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Enums.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/enums.cpp
index 51ba9d5dc..aa124f3aa 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Enums.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/enums.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Enums.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/enums.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Enums
 {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Files.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/files.cpp
index ad1fcebc6..6e43debb1 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Files.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/files.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-#include <thread>
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Files
 {
@@ -164,7 +163,12 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
         virtual void write_contents(const fs::path& file_path, const std::string& data) override
         {
             FILE* f = nullptr;
+#if defined(_WIN32)
             auto ec = _wfopen_s(&f, file_path.native().c_str(), L"wb");
+#else
+            f = fopen(file_path.native().c_str(), "wb");
+            int ec = f != nullptr ? 0 : 1;
+#endif
             Checks::check_exit(
                 VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec == 0, "Error: Could not open file for writing: %s", file_path.u8string().c_str());
             auto count = fwrite(data.data(), sizeof(data[0]), data.size(), f);
@@ -195,9 +199,13 @@ namespace vcpkg::Files
         System::println();
     }
 
-    std::vector<fs::path> find_from_PATH(const std::wstring& name)
+    std::vector<fs::path> find_from_PATH(const std::string& name)
     {
-        const std::wstring cmd = Strings::wformat(L"where.exe %s", name);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        const std::string cmd = Strings::format("where.exe %s", name);
+#else
+        const std::string cmd = Strings::format("which %s", name);
+#endif
         auto out = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd);
         if (out.exit_code != 0)
         {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/LineInfo.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/lineinfo.cpp
index d1bf9a4b1..7435ed666 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/LineInfo.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/lineinfo.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "LineInfo.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/lineinfo.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/MachineType.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/machinetype.cpp
index 2f44ce21a..2b7bd5e3a 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/MachineType.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/machinetype.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "MachineType.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/machinetype.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
     MachineType to_machine_type(const uint16_t value)
     {
-        MachineType t = static_cast<MachineType>(value);
+        const MachineType t = static_cast<MachineType>(value);
         switch (t)
         {
             case MachineType::UNKNOWN:
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Strings.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/strings.cpp
index 15851829d..af41eed9a 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Strings.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/strings.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Strings::details
 {
@@ -37,31 +37,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Strings::details
 #if defined(_WIN32)
         _vsnprintf_s_l(&output.at(0), output.size() + 1, output.size(), fmtstr, c_locale(), args);
 #else
-        vsnprintf(&output.at(0), output.size() + 1, fmtstr, args);
-#endif
-        va_end(args);
-
-        return output;
-    }
-
-    std::wstring wformat_internal(const wchar_t* fmtstr, ...)
-    {
-        va_list args;
         va_start(args, fmtstr);
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-        const int sz = _vscwprintf_l(fmtstr, c_locale(), args);
-#else
-        const int sz = vswprintf(nullptr, 0, fmtstr, args);
-#endif
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, sz > 0);
-
-        std::wstring output(sz, L'\0');
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-        _vsnwprintf_s_l(&output.at(0), output.size() + 1, output.size(), fmtstr, c_locale(), args);
-#else
-        vswprintf(&output.at(0), output.size() + 1, fmtstr, args);
+        auto res = vsnprintf(&output.at(0), output.size() + 1, fmtstr, args);
 #endif
         va_end(args);
 
@@ -71,16 +48,30 @@ namespace vcpkg::Strings::details
 
 namespace vcpkg::Strings
 {
-    std::wstring to_utf16(const CStringView s)
+    std::wstring to_utf16(const CStringView& s)
     {
-        std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>, wchar_t> conversion;
-        return conversion.from_bytes(s);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        const int size = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, s.c_str(), -1, nullptr, 0);
+        std::wstring output;
+        output.resize(size - 1);
+        MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, s.c_str(), -1, output.data(), size - 1);
+        return output;
+#else
+        Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+#endif
     }
 
-    std::string to_utf8(const CWStringView w)
+    std::string to_utf8(const CWStringView& w)
     {
-        std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>, wchar_t> conversion;
-        return conversion.to_bytes(w);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        const int size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, w.c_str(), -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+        std::string output;
+        output.resize(size - 1);
+        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, w.c_str(), -1, output.data(), size - 1, nullptr, nullptr);
+        return output;
+#else
+        Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+#endif
     }
 
     std::string::const_iterator case_insensitive_ascii_find(const std::string& s, const std::string& pattern)
@@ -98,9 +89,13 @@ namespace vcpkg::Strings
         return case_insensitive_ascii_find(s, pattern) != s.end();
     }
 
-    int case_insensitive_ascii_compare(const CStringView left, const CStringView right)
+    bool case_insensitive_ascii_equals(const CStringView left, const CStringView right)
     {
-        return _stricmp(left, right);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        return _stricmp(left.c_str(), right.c_str()) == 0;
+#else
+        return strcasecmp(left.c_str(), right.c_str()) == 0;
+#endif
     }
 
     std::string ascii_to_lowercase(const std::string& input)
@@ -110,6 +105,15 @@ namespace vcpkg::Strings
         return output;
     }
 
+    bool case_insensitive_ascii_starts_with(const std::string& s, const std::string& pattern)
+    {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        return _strnicmp(s.c_str(), pattern.c_str(), pattern.size()) == 0;
+#else
+        return strncasecmp(s.c_str(), pattern.c_str(), pattern.size()) == 0;
+#endif
+    }
+
     void trim(std::string* s)
     {
         s->erase(std::find_if_not(s->rbegin(), s->rend(), details::isspace).base(), s->end());
@@ -137,11 +141,19 @@ namespace vcpkg::Strings
     {
         std::vector<std::string> output;
 
+        if (delimiter.empty())
+        {
+            output.push_back(s);
+            return output;
+        }
+
+        const size_t delimiter_length = delimiter.length();
         size_t i = 0;
         for (size_t pos = s.find(delimiter); pos != std::string::npos; pos = s.find(delimiter, pos))
         {
             output.push_back(s.substr(i, pos - i));
-            i = ++pos;
+            pos += delimiter_length;
+            i = pos;
         }
 
         // Add the rest of the string after the last delimiter, unless there is nothing after it
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_System.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/system.cpp
index f5106b25e..b04f79414 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_System.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/base/system.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_GlobalState.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "Advapi32")
 
 namespace vcpkg::System
 {
@@ -12,35 +15,46 @@ namespace vcpkg::System
         using std::chrono::system_clock;
         std::time_t now_time = system_clock::to_time_t(system_clock::now());
         tm parts;
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         localtime_s(&parts, &now_time);
+#else
+        parts = *localtime(&now_time);
+#endif
         return parts;
     }
 
     fs::path get_exe_path_of_current_process()
     {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         wchar_t buf[_MAX_PATH];
         const int bytes = GetModuleFileNameW(nullptr, buf, _MAX_PATH);
         if (bytes == 0) std::abort();
         return fs::path(buf, buf + bytes);
+#else
+        std::array<char, 1024 * 4> buf;
+        auto written = readlink("/proc/self/exe", buf.data(), buf.size());
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, written != -1, "Could not determine current executable path.");
+        return fs::path(buf.data(), buf.data() + written);
+#endif
     }
 
-    Optional<CPUArchitecture> to_cpu_architecture(CStringView arch)
+    Optional<CPUArchitecture> to_cpu_architecture(const CStringView& arch)
     {
-        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_compare(arch, "x86") == 0) return CPUArchitecture::X86;
-        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_compare(arch, "x64") == 0) return CPUArchitecture::X64;
-        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_compare(arch, "amd64") == 0) return CPUArchitecture::X64;
-        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_compare(arch, "arm") == 0) return CPUArchitecture::ARM;
-        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_compare(arch, "arm64") == 0) return CPUArchitecture::ARM64;
+        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(arch, "x86")) return CPUArchitecture::X86;
+        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(arch, "x64")) return CPUArchitecture::X64;
+        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(arch, "amd64")) return CPUArchitecture::X64;
+        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(arch, "arm")) return CPUArchitecture::ARM;
+        if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(arch, "arm64")) return CPUArchitecture::ARM64;
         return nullopt;
     }
 
     CPUArchitecture get_host_processor()
     {
-        auto w6432 = get_environment_variable(L"PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432");
-        if (const auto p = w6432.get()) return to_cpu_architecture(Strings::to_utf8(*p)).value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        auto w6432 = get_environment_variable("PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432");
+        if (const auto p = w6432.get()) return to_cpu_architecture(*p).value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
 
-        const auto procarch = get_environment_variable(L"PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE").value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        return to_cpu_architecture(Strings::to_utf8(procarch)).value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        const auto procarch = get_environment_variable("PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE").value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        return to_cpu_architecture(procarch).value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
     }
 
     std::vector<CPUArchitecture> get_supported_host_architectures()
@@ -57,12 +71,13 @@ namespace vcpkg::System
         return supported_architectures;
     }
 
-    int cmd_execute_clean(const CWStringView cmd_line)
+    int cmd_execute_clean(const CStringView cmd_line)
     {
-        static const std::wstring SYSTEM_ROOT = get_environment_variable(L"SystemRoot").value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        static const std::wstring SYSTEM_32 = SYSTEM_ROOT + LR"(\system32)";
-        static const std::wstring NEW_PATH = Strings::wformat(
-            LR"(Path=%s;%s;%s\Wbem;%s\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\)", SYSTEM_32, SYSTEM_ROOT, SYSTEM_32, SYSTEM_32);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        static const std::string SYSTEM_ROOT = get_environment_variable("SystemRoot").value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        static const std::string SYSTEM_32 = SYSTEM_ROOT + R"(\system32)";
+        static const std::string NEW_PATH = Strings::format(
+            R"(Path=%s;%s;%s\Wbem;%s\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\)", SYSTEM_32, SYSTEM_ROOT, SYSTEM_32, SYSTEM_32);
 
         std::vector<std::wstring> env_wstrings = {
             L"ALLUSERSPROFILE",
@@ -106,6 +121,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::System
             L"HTTPS_PROXY",
             // Enables find_package(CUDA) in CMake
             L"CUDA_PATH",
+            // Environmental variable generated automatically by CUDA after installation
+            L"NVCUDASAMPLES_ROOT",
         };
 
         // Flush stdout before launching external process
@@ -115,17 +132,17 @@ namespace vcpkg::System
 
         for (auto&& env_wstring : env_wstrings)
         {
-            const Optional<std::wstring> value = System::get_environment_variable(env_wstring);
+            const Optional<std::string> value = System::get_environment_variable(Strings::to_utf8(env_wstring));
             const auto v = value.get();
             if (!v || v->empty()) continue;
 
             env_cstr.append(env_wstring);
             env_cstr.push_back(L'=');
-            env_cstr.append(*v);
+            env_cstr.append(Strings::to_utf16(*v));
             env_cstr.push_back(L'\0');
         }
 
-        env_cstr.append(NEW_PATH);
+        env_cstr.append(Strings::to_utf16(NEW_PATH));
         env_cstr.push_back(L'\0');
 
         STARTUPINFOW startup_info;
@@ -136,10 +153,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::System
         memset(&process_info, 0, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION));
 
         // Basically we are wrapping it in quotes
-        std::wstring actual_cmd_line = Strings::wformat(LR"###(cmd.exe /c "%s")###", cmd_line);
-        Debug::println("CreateProcessW(%s)", Strings::to_utf8(actual_cmd_line));
+        const std::string actual_cmd_line = Strings::format(R"###(cmd.exe /c "%s")###", cmd_line);
+        Debug::println("CreateProcessW(%s)", actual_cmd_line);
         bool succeeded = TRUE == CreateProcessW(nullptr,
-                                                actual_cmd_line.data(),
+                                                Strings::to_utf16(actual_cmd_line).data(),
                                                 nullptr,
                                                 nullptr,
                                                 FALSE,
@@ -161,32 +178,54 @@ namespace vcpkg::System
 
         Debug::println("CreateProcessW() returned %lu", exit_code);
         return static_cast<int>(exit_code);
+#else
+        fflush(nullptr);
+        return system(cmd_line.c_str());
+#endif
     }
 
-    int cmd_execute(const CWStringView cmd_line)
+    int cmd_execute(const CStringView cmd_line)
     {
         // Flush stdout before launching external process
         fflush(nullptr);
 
         // Basically we are wrapping it in quotes
-        const std::wstring& actual_cmd_line = Strings::wformat(LR"###("%s")###", cmd_line);
-        Debug::println("_wsystem(%s)", Strings::to_utf8(actual_cmd_line));
-        const int exit_code = _wsystem(actual_cmd_line.c_str());
+        const std::string& actual_cmd_line = Strings::format(R"###("%s")###", cmd_line);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        Debug::println("_wsystem(%s)", actual_cmd_line);
+        const int exit_code = _wsystem(Strings::to_utf16(actual_cmd_line).c_str());
         Debug::println("_wsystem() returned %d", exit_code);
+#else
+        Debug::println("_system(%s)", actual_cmd_line);
+        const int exit_code = system(actual_cmd_line.c_str());
+        Debug::println("_system() returned %d", exit_code);
+#endif
         return exit_code;
     }
 
-    ExitCodeAndOutput cmd_execute_and_capture_output(const CWStringView cmd_line)
+    // On Win7, output from powershell calls contain a byte order mark, so we strip it out if it is present
+    static void remove_byte_order_marks(std::wstring* s)
+    {
+        const wchar_t* a = s->c_str();
+        // This is the UTF-8 byte-order mark
+        while (s->size() >= 3 && a[0] == 0xEF && a[1] == 0xBB && a[2] == 0xBF)
+        {
+            s->erase(0, 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ExitCodeAndOutput cmd_execute_and_capture_output(const CStringView cmd_line)
     {
         // Flush stdout before launching external process
         fflush(stdout);
 
-        const std::wstring& actual_cmd_line = Strings::wformat(LR"###("%s 2>&1")###", cmd_line);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        const auto actual_cmd_line = Strings::format(R"###("%s 2>&1")###", cmd_line);
 
-        Debug::println("_wpopen(%s)", Strings::to_utf8(actual_cmd_line));
+        Debug::println("_wpopen(%s)", actual_cmd_line);
         std::wstring output;
         wchar_t buf[1024];
-        const auto pipe = _wpopen(actual_cmd_line.c_str(), L"r");
+        const auto pipe = _wpopen(Strings::to_utf16(actual_cmd_line).c_str(), L"r");
         if (pipe == nullptr)
         {
             return {1, Strings::to_utf8(output)};
@@ -202,28 +241,54 @@ namespace vcpkg::System
 
         const auto ec = _pclose(pipe);
         Debug::println("_pclose() returned %d", ec);
+        remove_byte_order_marks(&output);
         return {ec, Strings::to_utf8(output)};
+#else
+        const auto actual_cmd_line = Strings::format(R"###(%s 2>&1)###", cmd_line);
+
+        Debug::println("popen(%s)", actual_cmd_line);
+        std::string output;
+        char buf[1024];
+        const auto pipe = popen(actual_cmd_line.c_str(), "r");
+        if (pipe == nullptr)
+        {
+            return {1, output};
+        }
+        while (fgets(buf, 1024, pipe))
+        {
+            output.append(buf);
+        }
+        if (!feof(pipe))
+        {
+            return {1, output};
+        }
+
+        const auto ec = pclose(pipe);
+        Debug::println("pclose() returned %d", ec);
+        return {ec, output};
+#endif
     }
 
-    std::wstring create_powershell_script_cmd(const fs::path& script_path, const CWStringView args)
+    std::string create_powershell_script_cmd(const fs::path& script_path, const CStringView args)
     {
         // TODO: switch out ExecutionPolicy Bypass with "Remove Mark Of The Web" code and restore RemoteSigned
-        return Strings::wformat(
-            LR"(powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "& {& '%s' %s}")", script_path.native(), args);
+        return Strings::format(
+            R"(powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "& {& '%s' %s}")", script_path.u8string(), args);
     }
 
-    void println() { println(Strings::EMPTY); }
+    void println() { putchar('\n'); }
 
-    void print(const CStringView message) { fputs(message, stdout); }
+    void print(const CStringView message) { fputs(message.c_str(), stdout); }
 
     void println(const CStringView message)
     {
         print(message);
-        putchar('\n');
+        println();
     }
 
     void print(const Color c, const CStringView message)
     {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         const HANDLE console_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 
         CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO console_screen_buffer_info{};
@@ -233,86 +298,110 @@ namespace vcpkg::System
         SetConsoleTextAttribute(console_handle, static_cast<WORD>(c) | (original_color & 0xF0));
         print(message);
         SetConsoleTextAttribute(console_handle, original_color);
+#else
+        print(message);
+#endif
     }
 
     void println(const Color c, const CStringView message)
     {
         print(c, message);
-        putchar('\n');
+        println();
     }
 
-    Optional<std::wstring> get_environment_variable(const CWStringView varname) noexcept
+    Optional<std::string> get_environment_variable(const CStringView varname) noexcept
     {
-        const auto sz = GetEnvironmentVariableW(varname, nullptr, 0);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        const auto w_varname = Strings::to_utf16(varname);
+        const auto sz = GetEnvironmentVariableW(w_varname.c_str(), nullptr, 0);
         if (sz == 0) return nullopt;
 
         std::wstring ret(sz, L'\0');
 
         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, MAXDWORD >= ret.size());
-        const auto sz2 = GetEnvironmentVariableW(varname, ret.data(), static_cast<DWORD>(ret.size()));
+        const auto sz2 = GetEnvironmentVariableW(w_varname.c_str(), ret.data(), static_cast<DWORD>(ret.size()));
         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, sz2 + 1 == sz);
         ret.pop_back();
-        return ret;
+        return Strings::to_utf8(ret);
+#else
+        auto v = getenv(varname.c_str());
+        if (!v) return nullopt;
+        return std::string(v);
+#endif
     }
 
-    static bool is_string_keytype(DWORD hkey_type)
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    static bool is_string_keytype(const DWORD hkey_type)
     {
         return hkey_type == REG_SZ || hkey_type == REG_MULTI_SZ || hkey_type == REG_EXPAND_SZ;
     }
 
-    Optional<std::wstring> get_registry_string(HKEY base, const CWStringView sub_key, const CWStringView valuename)
+    Optional<std::string> get_registry_string(void* base_hkey, const CStringView sub_key, const CStringView valuename)
     {
         HKEY k = nullptr;
-        const LSTATUS ec = RegOpenKeyExW(base, sub_key, NULL, KEY_READ, &k);
+        const LSTATUS ec =
+            RegOpenKeyExW(reinterpret_cast<HKEY>(base_hkey), Strings::to_utf16(sub_key).c_str(), NULL, KEY_READ, &k);
         if (ec != ERROR_SUCCESS) return nullopt;
 
         DWORD dw_buffer_size = 0;
         DWORD dw_type = 0;
-        auto rc = RegQueryValueExW(k, valuename, nullptr, &dw_type, nullptr, &dw_buffer_size);
+        auto rc =
+            RegQueryValueExW(k, Strings::to_utf16(valuename).c_str(), nullptr, &dw_type, nullptr, &dw_buffer_size);
         if (rc != ERROR_SUCCESS || !is_string_keytype(dw_type) || dw_buffer_size == 0 ||
             dw_buffer_size % sizeof(wchar_t) != 0)
             return nullopt;
         std::wstring ret;
         ret.resize(dw_buffer_size / sizeof(wchar_t));
 
-        rc = RegQueryValueExW(k, valuename, nullptr, &dw_type, reinterpret_cast<LPBYTE>(ret.data()), &dw_buffer_size);
+        rc = RegQueryValueExW(k,
+                              Strings::to_utf16(valuename).c_str(),
+                              nullptr,
+                              &dw_type,
+                              reinterpret_cast<LPBYTE>(ret.data()),
+                              &dw_buffer_size);
         if (rc != ERROR_SUCCESS || !is_string_keytype(dw_type) || dw_buffer_size != sizeof(wchar_t) * ret.size())
             return nullopt;
 
         ret.pop_back(); // remove extra trailing null byte
-        return ret;
+        return Strings::to_utf8(ret);
+    }
+#else
+    Optional<std::string> get_registry_string(void* base_hkey, const CStringView sub_key, const CStringView valuename)
+    {
+        return nullopt;
     }
+#endif
 
-    static const fs::path& get_ProgramFiles()
+    static const fs::path& get_program_files()
     {
-        static const fs::path p = System::get_environment_variable(L"PROGRAMFILES").value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        return p;
+        static const fs::path PATH = System::get_environment_variable("PROGRAMFILES").value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        return PATH;
     }
 
-    const fs::path& get_ProgramFiles_32_bit()
+    const fs::path& get_program_files_32_bit()
     {
-        static const fs::path p = []() -> fs::path {
-            auto value = System::get_environment_variable(L"ProgramFiles(x86)");
+        static const fs::path PATH = []() -> fs::path {
+            auto value = System::get_environment_variable("ProgramFiles(x86)");
             if (auto v = value.get())
             {
                 return std::move(*v);
             }
-            return get_ProgramFiles();
+            return get_program_files();
         }();
-        return p;
+        return PATH;
     }
 
-    const fs::path& get_ProgramFiles_platform_bitness()
+    const fs::path& get_program_files_platform_bitness()
     {
-        static const fs::path p = []() -> fs::path {
-            auto value = System::get_environment_variable(L"ProgramW6432");
+        static const fs::path PATH = []() -> fs::path {
+            auto value = System::get_environment_variable("ProgramW6432");
             if (auto v = value.get())
             {
                 return std::move(*v);
             }
-            return get_ProgramFiles();
+            return get_program_files();
         }();
-        return p;
+        return PATH;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/BinaryParagraph.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/binaryparagraph.cpp
index 1504912ab..3a493eb4c 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/BinaryParagraph.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/binaryparagraph.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "BinaryParagraph.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Parse.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/binaryparagraph.h>
+#include <vcpkg/parse.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ namespace vcpkg
     BinaryParagraph::BinaryParagraph(const SourceParagraph& spgh, const FeatureParagraph& fpgh, const Triplet& triplet)
     {
         this->spec = PackageSpec::from_name_and_triplet(spgh.name, triplet).value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        this->version = Strings::EMPTY;
+        this->version = "";
         this->feature = fpgh.name;
         this->description = fpgh.description;
-        this->maintainer = Strings::EMPTY;
+        this->maintainer = "";
         this->depends = filter_dependencies(fpgh.depends, triplet);
     }
 
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Build.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/build.cpp
index a2fa99ac8..cf16c8f9c 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Build.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/build.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,150 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "PostBuildLint.h"
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Build.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Chrono.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Enums.h"
-#include "vcpkg_GlobalState.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_optional.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/chrono.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/enums.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/optional.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/build.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>
+#include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/input.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/postbuildlint.h>
+#include <vcpkg/statusparagraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
+
+using vcpkg::Build::BuildResult;
+using vcpkg::Parse::ParseControlErrorInfo;
+using vcpkg::Parse::ParseExpected;
+
+namespace vcpkg::Build::Command
+{
+    using Dependencies::InstallPlanAction;
+    using Dependencies::InstallPlanType;
+
+    static const std::string OPTION_CHECKS_ONLY = "--checks-only";
+
+    void perform_and_exit(const FullPackageSpec& full_spec,
+                          const fs::path& port_dir,
+                          const std::unordered_set<std::string>& options,
+                          const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        const PackageSpec& spec = full_spec.package_spec;
+        if (options.find(OPTION_CHECKS_ONLY) != options.end())
+        {
+            const auto pre_build_info = Build::PreBuildInfo::from_triplet_file(paths, spec.triplet());
+            const auto build_info = Build::read_build_info(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.build_info_file_path(spec));
+            const size_t error_count = PostBuildLint::perform_all_checks(spec, paths, pre_build_info, build_info);
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, error_count == 0);
+            Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+
+        const ParseExpected<SourceControlFile> source_control_file =
+            Paragraphs::try_load_port(paths.get_filesystem(), port_dir);
+
+        if (!source_control_file.has_value())
+        {
+            print_error_message(source_control_file.error());
+            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+
+        for (const std::string& str : full_spec.features)
+        {
+            System::println("%s \n", str);
+        }
+        const auto& scf = source_control_file.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           spec.name() == scf->core_paragraph->name,
+                           "The Name: field inside the CONTROL does not match the port directory: '%s' != '%s'",
+                           scf->core_paragraph->name,
+                           spec.name());
+
+        const StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
+        const Build::BuildPackageOptions build_package_options{Build::UseHeadVersion::NO, Build::AllowDownloads::YES};
+
+        const Build::BuildPackageConfig build_config{
+            *scf->core_paragraph, spec.triplet(), paths.port_dir(spec), build_package_options};
+
+        const auto build_timer = Chrono::ElapsedTime::create_started();
+        const auto result = Build::build_package(paths, build_config, status_db);
+        System::println("Elapsed time for package %s: %s", spec.to_string(), build_timer.to_string());
+
+        if (result.code == BuildResult::CASCADED_DUE_TO_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES)
+        {
+            System::println(System::Color::error,
+                            "The build command requires all dependencies to be already installed.");
+            System::println("The following dependencies are missing:");
+            System::println();
+            for (const auto& p : result.unmet_dependencies)
+            {
+                System::println("    %s", p);
+            }
+            System::println();
+            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+
+        if (result.code != BuildResult::SUCCEEDED)
+        {
+            System::println(System::Color::error, Build::create_error_message(result.code, spec));
+            System::println(Build::create_user_troubleshooting_message(spec));
+            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+
+        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+    }
+
+    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
+    {
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string("build zlib:x64-windows");
+        // Build only takes a single package and all dependencies must already be installed
+        args.check_exact_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
+        const std::string command_argument = args.command_arguments.at(0);
+        const FullPackageSpec spec = Input::check_and_get_full_package_spec(command_argument, default_triplet, EXAMPLE);
+        Input::check_triplet(spec.package_spec.triplet(), paths);
+        const std::unordered_set<std::string> options =
+            args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({OPTION_CHECKS_ONLY});
+        perform_and_exit(spec, paths.port_dir(spec.package_spec), options, paths);
+    }
+}
 
 namespace vcpkg::Build
 {
+    static const std::string NAME_EMPTY_PACKAGE = "PolicyEmptyPackage";
+    static const std::string NAME_DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS = "PolicyDLLsWithoutLIBs";
+    static const std::string NAME_ONLY_RELEASE_CRT = "PolicyOnlyReleaseCRT";
+    static const std::string NAME_EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER = "PolicyEmptyIncludeFolder";
+    static const std::string NAME_ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT = "PolicyAllowObsoleteMsvcrt";
+
+    const std::string& to_string(BuildPolicy policy)
+    {
+        switch (policy)
+        {
+            case BuildPolicy::EMPTY_PACKAGE: return NAME_EMPTY_PACKAGE;
+            case BuildPolicy::DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS: return NAME_DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS;
+            case BuildPolicy::ONLY_RELEASE_CRT: return NAME_ONLY_RELEASE_CRT;
+            case BuildPolicy::EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER: return NAME_EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER;
+            case BuildPolicy::ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT: return NAME_ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT;
+            default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+    }
+
+    CStringView to_cmake_variable(BuildPolicy policy)
+    {
+        switch (policy)
+        {
+            case BuildPolicy::EMPTY_PACKAGE: return "VCPKG_POLICY_EMPTY_PACKAGE";
+            case BuildPolicy::DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS: return "VCPKG_POLICY_DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS";
+            case BuildPolicy::ONLY_RELEASE_CRT: return "VCPKG_POLICY_ONLY_RELEASE_CRT";
+            case BuildPolicy::EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER: return "VCPKG_POLICY_EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER";
+            case BuildPolicy::ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT: return "VCPKG_POLICY_ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT";
+            default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+    }
+
     Optional<LinkageType> to_linkage_type(const std::string& str)
     {
         if (str == "dynamic") return LinkageType::DYNAMIC;
@@ -28,16 +158,16 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
         static const std::string LIBRARY_LINKAGE = "LibraryLinkage";
     }
 
-    CWStringView to_vcvarsall_target(const std::string& cmake_system_name)
+    CStringView to_vcvarsall_target(const std::string& cmake_system_name)
     {
-        if (cmake_system_name == Strings::EMPTY) return Strings::WEMPTY;
-        if (cmake_system_name == "Windows") return Strings::WEMPTY;
-        if (cmake_system_name == "WindowsStore") return L"store";
+        if (cmake_system_name.empty()) return "";
+        if (cmake_system_name == "Windows") return "";
+        if (cmake_system_name == "WindowsStore") return "store";
 
         Checks::exit_with_message(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Unsupported vcvarsall target %s", cmake_system_name);
     }
 
-    CWStringView to_vcvarsall_toolchain(const std::string& target_architecture, const Toolset& toolset)
+    CStringView to_vcvarsall_toolchain(const std::string& target_architecture, const Toolset& toolset)
     {
         auto maybe_target_arch = System::to_cpu_architecture(target_architecture);
         Checks::check_exit(
@@ -56,18 +186,23 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
         Checks::exit_with_message(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Unsupported toolchain combination %s", target_architecture);
     }
 
-    std::wstring make_build_env_cmd(const PreBuildInfo& pre_build_info, const Toolset& toolset)
+    std::string make_build_env_cmd(const PreBuildInfo& pre_build_info, const Toolset& toolset)
     {
-        const wchar_t* tonull = L" >nul";
+        const char* tonull = " >nul";
         if (GlobalState::debugging)
         {
-            tonull = Strings::WEMPTY;
+            tonull = "";
         }
 
         const auto arch = to_vcvarsall_toolchain(pre_build_info.target_architecture, toolset);
         const auto target = to_vcvarsall_target(pre_build_info.cmake_system_name);
 
-        return Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" %s %s %s 2>&1)", toolset.vcvarsall.native(), arch, target, tonull);
+        return Strings::format(R"("%s" %s %s %s %s 2>&1)",
+                               toolset.vcvarsall.u8string(),
+                               Strings::join(" ", toolset.vcvarsall_options),
+                               arch,
+                               target,
+                               tonull);
     }
 
     static void create_binary_feature_control_file(const SourceParagraph& source_paragraph,
@@ -133,8 +268,6 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
 
         const fs::path ports_cmake_script_path = paths.ports_cmake;
         const auto pre_build_info = PreBuildInfo::from_triplet_file(paths, triplet);
-        const Toolset& toolset = paths.get_toolset(pre_build_info.platform_toolset);
-        const auto cmd_set_environment = make_build_env_cmd(pre_build_info, toolset);
 
         std::string features;
         if (GlobalState::feature_packages)
@@ -152,24 +285,28 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
             }
         }
 
-        const std::wstring cmd_launch_cmake = make_cmake_cmd(
+        const Toolset& toolset = paths.get_toolset(pre_build_info.platform_toolset, pre_build_info.visual_studio_path);
+
+        const std::string cmd_launch_cmake = make_cmake_cmd(
             cmake_exe_path,
             ports_cmake_script_path,
             {
-                {L"CMD", L"BUILD"},
-                {L"PORT", config.src.name},
-                {L"CURRENT_PORT_DIR", config.port_dir / "/."},
-                {L"TARGET_TRIPLET", triplet.canonical_name()},
-                {L"VCPKG_PLATFORM_TOOLSET", toolset.version},
-                {L"VCPKG_USE_HEAD_VERSION", to_bool(config.build_package_options.use_head_version) ? L"1" : L"0"},
-                {L"_VCPKG_NO_DOWNLOADS", !to_bool(config.build_package_options.allow_downloads) ? L"1" : L"0"},
-                {L"GIT", git_exe_path},
-                {L"FEATURES", features},
+                {"CMD", "BUILD"},
+                {"PORT", config.src.name},
+                {"CURRENT_PORT_DIR", config.port_dir / "/."},
+                {"TARGET_TRIPLET", triplet.canonical_name()},
+                {"VCPKG_PLATFORM_TOOLSET", toolset.version.c_str()},
+                {"VCPKG_USE_HEAD_VERSION", to_bool(config.build_package_options.use_head_version) ? "1" : "0"},
+                {"_VCPKG_NO_DOWNLOADS", !to_bool(config.build_package_options.allow_downloads) ? "1" : "0"},
+                {"GIT", git_exe_path},
+                {"FEATURES", features},
             });
 
-        const std::wstring command = Strings::wformat(LR"(%s && %s)", cmd_set_environment, cmd_launch_cmake);
+        std::string command;
+        const auto cmd_set_environment = make_build_env_cmd(pre_build_info, toolset);
+        command = Strings::format(R"(%s && %s)", cmd_set_environment, cmd_launch_cmake);
 
-        const ElapsedTime timer = ElapsedTime::create_started();
+        const auto timer = Chrono::ElapsedTime::create_started();
 
         const int return_code = System::cmd_execute_clean(command);
         const auto buildtimeus = timer.microseconds();
@@ -289,7 +426,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
         if (!version.empty()) build_info.version = std::move(version);
 
         std::map<BuildPolicy, bool> policies;
-        for (auto policy : g_all_policies)
+        for (auto policy : G_ALL_POLICIES)
         {
             const auto setting = parser.optional_field(to_string(policy));
             if (setting.empty()) continue;
@@ -329,14 +466,12 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
         const fs::path ports_cmake_script_path = paths.scripts / "get_triplet_environment.cmake";
         const fs::path triplet_file_path = paths.triplets / (triplet.canonical_name() + ".cmake");
 
-        const std::wstring cmd_launch_cmake = make_cmake_cmd(cmake_exe_path,
-                                                             ports_cmake_script_path,
-                                                             {
-                                                                 {L"CMAKE_TRIPLET_FILE", triplet_file_path},
-                                                             });
-
-        const std::wstring command = Strings::wformat(LR"(%s)", cmd_launch_cmake);
-        const auto ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(command);
+        const auto cmd_launch_cmake = make_cmake_cmd(cmake_exe_path,
+                                                     ports_cmake_script_path,
+                                                     {
+                                                         {"CMAKE_TRIPLET_FILE", triplet_file_path},
+                                                     });
+        const auto ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd_launch_cmake);
         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0);
 
         const std::vector<std::string> lines = Strings::split(ec_data.output, "\n");
@@ -359,7 +494,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
 
             const bool variable_with_no_value = s.size() == 1;
             const std::string variable_name = s.at(0);
-            const std::string variable_value = variable_with_no_value ? Strings::EMPTY : s.at(1);
+            const std::string variable_value = variable_with_no_value ? "" : s.at(1);
 
             if (variable_name == "VCPKG_TARGET_ARCHITECTURE")
             {
@@ -381,7 +516,15 @@ namespace vcpkg::Build
 
             if (variable_name == "VCPKG_PLATFORM_TOOLSET")
             {
-                pre_build_info.platform_toolset = variable_value;
+                pre_build_info.platform_toolset =
+                    variable_value.empty() ? nullopt : Optional<std::string>{variable_value};
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (variable_name == "VCPKG_VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH")
+            {
+                pre_build_info.visual_studio_path =
+                    variable_value.empty() ? nullopt : Optional<fs::path>{variable_value};
                 continue;
             }
 
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.autocomplete.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.autocomplete.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..addb9edaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.autocomplete.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/install.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/remove.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
+
+namespace vcpkg::Commands::Autocomplete
+{
+    [[noreturn]] static void output_sorted_results_and_exit(const LineInfo& line_info,
+                                                            std::vector<std::string>&& results)
+    {
+        const SortedVector<std::string> sorted_results(results);
+        System::println(Strings::join("\n", sorted_results));
+
+        Checks::exit_success(line_info);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> combine_port_with_triplets(const std::string& port,
+                                                        const std::vector<std::string>& triplets)
+    {
+        return Util::fmap(triplets,
+                          [&](const std::string& triplet) { return Strings::format("%s:%s", port, triplet); });
+    }
+
+    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->set_send_metrics(false);
+        const std::string to_autocomplete = Strings::join(" ", args.command_arguments);
+        const std::vector<std::string> tokens = Strings::split(to_autocomplete, " ");
+
+        std::smatch match;
+
+        // Handles vcpkg <command>
+        if (std::regex_match(to_autocomplete, match, std::regex{R"###(^(\S*)$)###"}))
+        {
+            const std::string requested_command = match[1].str();
+
+            std::vector<std::string> valid_commands = {
+                "install",
+                "search",
+                "remove",
+                "list",
+                "update",
+                "hash",
+                "help",
+                "integrate",
+                "export",
+                "edit",
+                "create",
+                "owns",
+                "cache",
+                "version",
+                "contact",
+            };
+
+            Util::unstable_keep_if(valid_commands, [&](const std::string& s) {
+                return Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_starts_with(s, requested_command);
+            });
+
+            output_sorted_results_and_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, std::move(valid_commands));
+        }
+
+        // Handles vcpkg install package:<triplet>
+        if (std::regex_match(to_autocomplete, match, std::regex{R"###(^install(.*|)\s([^:]+):(\S*)$)###"}))
+        {
+            const auto port_name = match[2].str();
+            const auto triplet_prefix = match[3].str();
+
+            auto maybe_port = Paragraphs::try_load_port(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.port_dir(port_name));
+            if (maybe_port.error())
+            {
+                Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+            }
+
+            std::vector<std::string> triplets = paths.get_available_triplets();
+            Util::unstable_keep_if(triplets, [&](const std::string& s) {
+                return Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_starts_with(s, triplet_prefix);
+            });
+
+            auto result = combine_port_with_triplets(port_name, triplets);
+
+            output_sorted_results_and_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, std::move(result));
+        }
+
+        struct CommandEntry
+        {
+            constexpr CommandEntry(const CStringView& name, const CStringView& regex, const CommandStructure& structure)
+                : name(name), regex(regex), structure(structure)
+            {
+            }
+
+            CStringView name;
+            CStringView regex;
+            const CommandStructure& structure;
+        };
+
+        static constexpr CommandEntry COMMANDS[] = {
+            CommandEntry{"install", R"###(^install\s(.*\s|)(\S*)$)###", Install::COMMAND_STRUCTURE},
+            CommandEntry{"install", R"###(^install\s(.*\s|)(\S*)$)###", Install::COMMAND_STRUCTURE},
+            CommandEntry{"edit", R"###(^edit\s(.*\s|)(\S*)$)###", Edit::COMMAND_STRUCTURE},
+            CommandEntry{"remove", R"###(^remove\s(.*\s|)(\S*)$)###", Remove::COMMAND_STRUCTURE},
+        };
+
+        for (auto&& command : COMMANDS)
+        {
+            if (std::regex_match(to_autocomplete, match, std::regex{command.regex.c_str()}))
+            {
+                const auto prefix = match[2].str();
+                std::vector<std::string> results;
+
+                if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_starts_with(prefix, "-"))
+                {
+                    results = Util::fmap(command.structure.switches, [](auto&& s) -> std::string { return s; });
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    results = command.structure.valid_arguments(paths);
+                }
+
+                Util::unstable_keep_if(results, [&](const std::string& s) {
+                    return Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_starts_with(s, prefix);
+                });
+
+                if (command.name == "install" && results.size() == 1)
+                {
+                    const auto port_at_each_triplet =
+                        combine_port_with_triplets(results[0], paths.get_available_triplets());
+                    Util::Vectors::concatenate(&results, port_at_each_triplet);
+                }
+
+                output_sorted_results_and_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, std::move(results));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_build_external.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.buildexternal.cpp
index ff70e9cf2..3991beb62 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_build_external.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.buildexternal.cpp
@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/build.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/input.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::BuildExternal
 {
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
     {
-        static const std::string example =
-            Commands::Help::create_example_string(R"(build_external zlib2 C:\path\to\dir\with\controlfile\)");
-        args.check_exact_arg_count(2, example);
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE =
+            Help::create_example_string(R"(build_external zlib2 C:\path\to\dir\with\controlfile\)");
+        args.check_exact_arg_count(2, EXAMPLE);
         const FullPackageSpec spec =
-            Input::check_and_get_full_package_spec(args.command_arguments.at(0), default_triplet, example);
+            Input::check_and_get_full_package_spec(args.command_arguments.at(0), default_triplet, EXAMPLE);
         Input::check_triplet(spec.package_spec.triplet(), paths);
         const std::unordered_set<std::string> options = args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
 
         const fs::path port_dir = args.command_arguments.at(1);
-        BuildCommand::perform_and_exit(spec, port_dir, options, paths);
+        Build::Command::perform_and_exit(spec, port_dir, options, paths);
     }
 }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_cache.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.cache.cpp
index fa0c62ee4..77f0a20f6 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_cache.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.cache.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "BinaryParagraph.h"
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/binaryparagraph.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::Cache
 {
@@ -27,10 +28,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Cache
 
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string example = Strings::format(
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Strings::format(
             "The argument should be a substring to search for, or no argument to display all cached libraries.\n%s",
-            Commands::Help::create_example_string("cache png"));
-        args.check_max_arg_count(1, example);
+            Help::create_example_string("cache png"));
+        args.check_max_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
         args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
 
         const std::vector<BinaryParagraph> binary_paragraphs = read_all_binary_paragraphs(paths);
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.ci.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.ci.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c98d1d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.ci.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/chrono.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/build.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/input.h>
+#include <vcpkg/install.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
+
+namespace vcpkg::Commands::CI
+{
+    using Build::BuildResult;
+    using Dependencies::InstallPlanAction;
+    using Dependencies::InstallPlanType;
+
+    static std::vector<PackageSpec> load_all_package_specs(Files::Filesystem& fs,
+                                                           const fs::path& ports_directory,
+                                                           const Triplet& triplet)
+    {
+        auto ports = Paragraphs::load_all_ports(fs, ports_directory);
+        return Util::fmap(ports, [&](auto&& control_file) -> PackageSpec {
+            return PackageSpec::from_name_and_triplet(control_file->core_paragraph->name, triplet)
+                .value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        });
+    }
+
+    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
+    {
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string("ci x64-windows");
+        args.check_max_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
+        const Triplet triplet = args.command_arguments.size() == 1
+                                    ? Triplet::from_canonical_name(args.command_arguments.at(0))
+                                    : default_triplet;
+        Input::check_triplet(triplet, paths);
+        args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
+        const std::vector<PackageSpec> specs = load_all_package_specs(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.ports, triplet);
+
+        StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
+        const auto& paths_port_file = Dependencies::PathsPortFile(paths);
+        std::vector<InstallPlanAction> install_plan =
+            Dependencies::create_install_plan(paths_port_file, specs, status_db);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !install_plan.empty(), "Install plan cannot be empty");
+
+        const Build::BuildPackageOptions install_plan_options = {Build::UseHeadVersion::NO, Build::AllowDownloads::YES};
+
+        const std::vector<Dependencies::AnyAction> action_plan =
+            Util::fmap(install_plan, [](InstallPlanAction& install_action) {
+                return Dependencies::AnyAction(std::move(install_action));
+            });
+
+        Install::perform_and_exit_ex(
+            action_plan, install_plan_options, Install::KeepGoing::YES, Install::PrintSummary::YES, paths, status_db);
+
+        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_contact.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.contact.cpp
index 7f4161802..421b8a230 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_contact.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.contact.cpp
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::Contact
 {
     const std::string& email()
     {
-        static const std::string s_email = R"(vcpkg@microsoft.com)";
-        return s_email;
+        static const std::string S_EMAIL = R"(vcpkg@microsoft.com)";
+        return S_EMAIL;
     }
 
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_available_commands.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.cpp
index 87cc43dca..9d969ea28 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_available_commands.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
+#include <vcpkg/build.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/export.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/install.h>
+#include <vcpkg/remove.h>
+#include <vcpkg/update.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands
 {
-    const std::vector<PackageNameAndFunction<CommandTypeA>>& get_available_commands_type_a()
+    Span<const PackageNameAndFunction<CommandTypeA>> get_available_commands_type_a()
     {
         static std::vector<PackageNameAndFunction<CommandTypeA>> t = {
             {"install", &Install::perform_and_exit},
             {"ci", &CI::perform_and_exit},
             {"remove", &Remove::perform_and_exit},
-            {"build", &BuildCommand::perform_and_exit},
+            {"build", &Build::Command::perform_and_exit},
             {"env", &Env::perform_and_exit},
             {"build-external", &BuildExternal::perform_and_exit},
             {"export", &Export::perform_and_exit},
@@ -18,7 +24,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands
         return t;
     }
 
-    const std::vector<PackageNameAndFunction<CommandTypeB>>& get_available_commands_type_b()
+    Span<const PackageNameAndFunction<CommandTypeB>> get_available_commands_type_b()
     {
         static std::vector<PackageNameAndFunction<CommandTypeB>> t = {
             {"/?", &Help::perform_and_exit},
@@ -34,11 +40,11 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands
             {"import", &Import::perform_and_exit},
             {"cache", &Cache::perform_and_exit},
             {"portsdiff", &PortsDiff::perform_and_exit},
-        };
+            {"autocomplete", &Autocomplete::perform_and_exit}};
         return t;
     }
 
-    const std::vector<PackageNameAndFunction<CommandTypeC>>& get_available_commands_type_c()
+    Span<const PackageNameAndFunction<CommandTypeC>> get_available_commands_type_c()
     {
         static std::vector<PackageNameAndFunction<CommandTypeC>> t = {
             {"version", &Version::perform_and_exit},
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_create.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.create.cpp
index 7f85b776a..85763f25e 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_create.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.create.cpp
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::Create
 {
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string example = Commands::Help::create_example_string(
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string(
             R"###(create zlib2 http://zlib.net/zlib1211.zip "zlib1211-2.zip")###");
-        args.check_max_arg_count(3, example);
-        args.check_min_arg_count(2, example);
+        args.check_max_arg_count(3, EXAMPLE);
+        args.check_min_arg_count(2, EXAMPLE);
         args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
         const std::string port_name = args.command_arguments.at(0);
         const std::string url = args.command_arguments.at(1);
 
         const fs::path& cmake_exe = paths.get_cmake_exe();
 
-        std::vector<CMakeVariable> cmake_args{{L"CMD", L"CREATE"}, {L"PORT", port_name}, {L"URL", url}};
+        std::vector<CMakeVariable> cmake_args{{"CMD", "CREATE"}, {"PORT", port_name}, {"URL", url}};
 
         if (args.command_arguments.size() >= 3)
         {
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Create
                                R"(Filename cannot contain invalid chars %s, but was %s)",
                                Files::FILESYSTEM_INVALID_CHARACTERS,
                                zip_file_name);
-            cmake_args.push_back({L"FILENAME", zip_file_name});
+            cmake_args.push_back({"FILENAME", zip_file_name});
         }
 
-        const std::wstring cmd_launch_cmake = make_cmake_cmd(cmake_exe, paths.ports_cmake, cmake_args);
+        const std::string cmd_launch_cmake = make_cmake_cmd(cmake_exe, paths.ports_cmake, cmake_args);
         Checks::exit_with_code(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, System::cmd_execute_clean(cmd_launch_cmake));
     }
 }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_depends.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.dependinfo.cpp
index ffad91226..89c7e0c7f 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_depends.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.dependinfo.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::DependInfo
 {
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string example = Commands::Help::create_example_string(R"###(depend-info [pat])###");
-        args.check_max_arg_count(1, example);
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string(R"###(depend-info [pat])###");
+        args.check_max_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
         args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
 
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SourceControlFile>> source_control_files =
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_edit.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.edit.cpp
index f71d4d44c..668ec9b1a 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_edit.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.edit.cpp
@@ -1,42 +1,69 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::Edit
 {
     static std::vector<fs::path> find_from_registry()
     {
-        static const std::array<const wchar_t*, 4> REGKEYS = {
-            LR"(SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{C26E74D1-022E-4238-8B9D-1E7564A36CC9}_is1)",
-            LR"(SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{C26E74D1-022E-4238-8B9D-1E7564A36CC9}_is1)",
-            LR"(SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{F8A2A208-72B3-4D61-95FC-8A65D340689B}_is1)",
-            LR"(SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{F8A2A208-72B3-4D61-95FC-8A65D340689B}_is1)",
+        static const std::array<const char*, 3> REGKEYS = {
+            R"(SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{C26E74D1-022E-4238-8B9D-1E7564A36CC9}_is1)",
+            R"(SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{1287CAD5-7C8D-410D-88B9-0D1EE4A83FF2}_is1)",
+            R"(SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{F8A2A208-72B3-4D61-95FC-8A65D340689B}_is1)",
         };
 
         std::vector<fs::path> output;
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         for (auto&& keypath : REGKEYS)
         {
-            const Optional<std::wstring> code_installpath =
-                System::get_registry_string(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keypath, L"InstallLocation");
+            const Optional<std::string> code_installpath =
+                System::get_registry_string(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keypath, "InstallLocation");
             if (const auto c = code_installpath.get())
             {
                 const fs::path install_path = fs::path(*c);
-                output.push_back(install_path / "Code.exe");
                 output.push_back(install_path / "Code - Insiders.exe");
+                output.push_back(install_path / "Code.exe");
             }
         }
+#endif
         return output;
     }
 
+    static const std::string OPTION_BUILDTREES = "--buildtrees";
+
+    static const std::array<std::string, 1> SWITCHES = {
+        OPTION_BUILDTREES,
+    };
+    static const std::array<std::string, 0> SETTINGS;
+
+    static std::vector<std::string> valid_arguments(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        auto sources_and_errors = Paragraphs::try_load_all_ports(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.ports);
+
+        return Util::fmap(sources_and_errors.paragraphs,
+                          [](auto&& pgh) -> std::string { return pgh->core_paragraph->name; });
+    }
+
+    const CommandStructure COMMAND_STRUCTURE = {
+        "edit zlib",
+        1,
+        1,
+        SWITCHES,
+        SETTINGS,
+        &valid_arguments,
+    };
+
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string OPTION_BUILDTREES = "--buildtrees";
+        static const fs::path VS_CODE_INSIDERS = fs::path{"Microsoft VS Code Insiders"} / "Code - Insiders.exe";
+        static const fs::path VS_CODE = fs::path{"Microsoft VS Code"} / "Code.exe";
 
         auto& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
 
-        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Commands::Help::create_example_string("edit zlib");
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string("edit zlib");
         args.check_exact_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
         const std::unordered_set<std::string> options =
             args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({OPTION_BUILDTREES});
@@ -46,10 +73,12 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Edit
         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, fs.is_directory(portpath), R"(Could not find port named "%s")", port_name);
 
         std::vector<fs::path> candidate_paths;
-        const std::vector<fs::path> from_path = Files::find_from_PATH(L"EDITOR");
+        const std::vector<fs::path> from_path = Files::find_from_PATH("EDITOR");
         candidate_paths.insert(candidate_paths.end(), from_path.cbegin(), from_path.cend());
-        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_ProgramFiles_platform_bitness() / "Microsoft VS Code" / "Code.exe");
-        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_ProgramFiles_32_bit() / "Microsoft VS Code" / "Code.exe");
+        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_program_files_platform_bitness() / VS_CODE_INSIDERS);
+        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_program_files_32_bit() / VS_CODE_INSIDERS);
+        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_program_files_platform_bitness() / VS_CODE);
+        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_program_files_32_bit() / VS_CODE);
 
         const std::vector<fs::path> from_registry = find_from_registry();
         candidate_paths.insert(candidate_paths.end(), from_registry.cbegin(), from_registry.cend());
@@ -70,13 +99,16 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Edit
         {
             const auto buildtrees_current_dir = paths.buildtrees / port_name;
 
-            const std::wstring cmd_line =
-                Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" "%s" -n)", env_editor, buildtrees_current_dir.native());
+            const auto cmd_line =
+                Strings::format(R"("%s" "%s" -n)", env_editor.u8string(), buildtrees_current_dir.u8string());
             Checks::exit_with_code(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, System::cmd_execute(cmd_line));
         }
 
-        const std::wstring cmd_line = Strings::wformat(
-            LR"("%s" "%s" "%s" -n)", env_editor, portpath.native(), (portpath / "portfile.cmake").native());
+        const auto cmd_line = Strings::format(
+            R"("%s" "%s" "%s" -n)",
+            env_editor.u8string(),
+            portpath.u8string(),
+            (portpath / "portfile.cmake").u8string());
         Checks::exit_with_code(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, System::cmd_execute(cmd_line));
     }
 }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_env.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.env.cpp
index 073c501f5..9f8ae5207 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_env.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.env.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Build.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/build.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::Env
 {
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
     {
-        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Commands::Help::create_example_string(R"(env --Triplet x64-windows)");
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string(R"(env --triplet x64-windows)");
         args.check_exact_arg_count(0, EXAMPLE);
         args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
 
         const auto pre_build_info = Build::PreBuildInfo::from_triplet_file(paths, default_triplet);
-        System::cmd_execute_clean(
-            Build::make_build_env_cmd(pre_build_info, paths.get_toolset(pre_build_info.platform_toolset)) + L" && cmd");
+        const Toolset& toolset = paths.get_toolset(pre_build_info.platform_toolset, pre_build_info.visual_studio_path);
+        System::cmd_execute_clean(Build::make_build_env_cmd(pre_build_info, toolset) + " && cmd");
 
         Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
     }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.exportifw.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.exportifw.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..682267acb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.exportifw.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/export.h>
+#include <vcpkg/export.ifw.h>
+#include <vcpkg/install.h>
+
+namespace vcpkg::Export::IFW
+{
+    using Dependencies::ExportPlanAction;
+    using Dependencies::ExportPlanType;
+    using Install::InstallDir;
+
+    static std::string create_release_date()
+    {
+        const tm date_time = System::get_current_date_time();
+
+        // Format is: YYYY-mm-dd
+        // 10 characters + 1 null terminating character will be written for a total of 11 chars
+        char mbstr[11];
+        const size_t bytes_written = std::strftime(mbstr, sizeof(mbstr), "%Y-%m-%d", &date_time);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           bytes_written == 10,
+                           "Expected 10 bytes to be written, but %u were written",
+                           bytes_written);
+        const std::string date_time_as_string(mbstr);
+        return date_time_as_string;
+    }
+
+    std::string safe_rich_from_plain_text(const std::string& text)
+    {
+        // match standalone ampersand, no HTML number or name
+        std::regex standalone_ampersand(R"###(&(?!(#[0-9]+|\w+);))###");
+
+        return std::regex_replace(text, standalone_ampersand, "&amp;");
+    }
+
+    fs::path get_packages_dir_path(const std::string& export_id, const Options& ifw_options, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        return ifw_options.maybe_packages_dir_path.has_value()
+                   ? fs::path(ifw_options.maybe_packages_dir_path.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO))
+                   : paths.root / (export_id + "-ifw-packages");
+    }
+
+    fs::path get_repository_dir_path(const std::string& export_id, const Options& ifw_options, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        return ifw_options.maybe_repository_dir_path.has_value()
+                   ? fs::path(ifw_options.maybe_repository_dir_path.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO))
+                   : paths.root / (export_id + "-ifw-repository");
+    }
+
+    fs::path get_config_file_path(const std::string& export_id, const Options& ifw_options, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        return ifw_options.maybe_config_file_path.has_value()
+                   ? fs::path(ifw_options.maybe_config_file_path.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO))
+                   : paths.root / (export_id + "-ifw-configuration.xml");
+    }
+
+    fs::path get_installer_file_path(const std::string& export_id, const Options& ifw_options, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        return ifw_options.maybe_installer_file_path.has_value()
+                   ? fs::path(ifw_options.maybe_installer_file_path.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO))
+                   : paths.root / (export_id + "-ifw-installer.exe");
+    }
+
+    fs::path export_real_package(const fs::path& ifw_packages_dir_path,
+                                 const ExportPlanAction& action,
+                                 Files::Filesystem& fs)
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+
+        const BinaryParagraph& binary_paragraph =
+            action.any_paragraph.binary_control_file.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO).core_paragraph;
+
+        // Prepare meta dir
+        const fs::path package_xml_file_path =
+            ifw_packages_dir_path /
+            Strings::format("packages.%s.%s", action.spec.name(), action.spec.triplet().canonical_name()) / "meta" /
+            "package.xml";
+        const fs::path package_xml_dir_path = package_xml_file_path.parent_path();
+        fs.create_directories(package_xml_dir_path, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           !ec,
+                           "Could not create directory for package file %s",
+                           package_xml_file_path.generic_string());
+
+        auto deps = Strings::join(
+            ",", binary_paragraph.depends, [](const std::string& dep) { return "packages." + dep + ":"; });
+
+        if (!deps.empty()) deps = "\n    <Dependencies>" + deps + "</Dependencies>";
+
+        fs.write_contents(package_xml_file_path,
+                          Strings::format(
+                              R"###(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<Package>
+    <DisplayName>%s</DisplayName>
+    <Version>%s</Version>
+    <ReleaseDate>%s</ReleaseDate>
+    <AutoDependOn>packages.%s:,triplets.%s:</AutoDependOn>%s
+    <Virtual>true</Virtual>
+</Package>
+)###",
+                              action.spec.to_string(),
+                              binary_paragraph.version,
+                              create_release_date(),
+                              action.spec.name(),
+                              action.spec.triplet().canonical_name(),
+                              deps));
+
+        // Return dir path for export package data
+        return ifw_packages_dir_path /
+               Strings::format("packages.%s.%s", action.spec.name(), action.spec.triplet().canonical_name()) / "data" /
+               "installed";
+    }
+
+    void export_unique_packages(const fs::path& raw_exported_dir_path,
+                                std::map<std::string, const ExportPlanAction*> unique_packages,
+                                Files::Filesystem& fs)
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+
+        // packages
+
+        fs::path package_xml_file_path = raw_exported_dir_path / "packages" / "meta" / "package.xml";
+        fs::path package_xml_dir_path = package_xml_file_path.parent_path();
+        fs.create_directories(package_xml_dir_path, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           !ec,
+                           "Could not create directory for package file %s",
+                           package_xml_file_path.generic_string());
+        fs.write_contents(package_xml_file_path,
+                          Strings::format(
+                              R"###(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<Package>
+    <DisplayName>Packages</DisplayName>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <ReleaseDate>%s</ReleaseDate>
+</Package>
+)###",
+                              create_release_date()));
+
+        for (auto package = unique_packages.begin(); package != unique_packages.end(); ++package)
+        {
+            const ExportPlanAction& action = *(package->second);
+            const BinaryParagraph& binary_paragraph =
+                action.any_paragraph.binary_control_file.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO).core_paragraph;
+
+            package_xml_file_path =
+                raw_exported_dir_path / Strings::format("packages.%s", package->first) / "meta" / "package.xml";
+            package_xml_dir_path = package_xml_file_path.parent_path();
+            fs.create_directories(package_xml_dir_path, ec);
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                               !ec,
+                               "Could not create directory for package file %s",
+                               package_xml_file_path.generic_string());
+
+            fs.write_contents(package_xml_file_path,
+                              Strings::format(
+                                  R"###(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<Package>
+    <DisplayName>%s</DisplayName>
+    <Description>%s</Description>
+    <Version>%s</Version>
+    <ReleaseDate>%s</ReleaseDate>
+</Package>
+)###",
+                                  action.spec.name(),
+                                  safe_rich_from_plain_text(binary_paragraph.description),
+                                  binary_paragraph.version,
+                                  create_release_date()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void export_unique_triplets(const fs::path& raw_exported_dir_path,
+                                std::set<std::string> unique_triplets,
+                                Files::Filesystem& fs)
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+
+        // triplets
+
+        fs::path package_xml_file_path = raw_exported_dir_path / "triplets" / "meta" / "package.xml";
+        fs::path package_xml_dir_path = package_xml_file_path.parent_path();
+        fs.create_directories(package_xml_dir_path, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           !ec,
+                           "Could not create directory for package file %s",
+                           package_xml_file_path.generic_string());
+        fs.write_contents(package_xml_file_path,
+                          Strings::format(
+                              R"###(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<Package>
+    <DisplayName>Triplets</DisplayName>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <ReleaseDate>%s</ReleaseDate>
+</Package>
+)###",
+                              create_release_date()));
+
+        for (const std::string& triplet : unique_triplets)
+        {
+            package_xml_file_path =
+                raw_exported_dir_path / Strings::format("triplets.%s", triplet) / "meta" / "package.xml";
+            package_xml_dir_path = package_xml_file_path.parent_path();
+            fs.create_directories(package_xml_dir_path, ec);
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                               !ec,
+                               "Could not create directory for package file %s",
+                               package_xml_file_path.generic_string());
+            fs.write_contents(package_xml_file_path,
+                              Strings::format(
+                                  R"###(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<Package>
+    <DisplayName>%s</DisplayName>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <ReleaseDate>%s</ReleaseDate>
+</Package>
+)###",
+                                  triplet,
+                                  create_release_date()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void export_integration(const fs::path& raw_exported_dir_path, Files::Filesystem& fs)
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+
+        // integration
+        fs::path package_xml_file_path = raw_exported_dir_path / "integration" / "meta" / "package.xml";
+        fs::path package_xml_dir_path = package_xml_file_path.parent_path();
+        fs.create_directories(package_xml_dir_path, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           !ec,
+                           "Could not create directory for package file %s",
+                           package_xml_file_path.generic_string());
+
+        fs.write_contents(package_xml_file_path,
+                          Strings::format(
+                              R"###(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<Package>
+    <DisplayName>Integration</DisplayName>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <ReleaseDate>%s</ReleaseDate>
+</Package>
+)###",
+                              create_release_date()));
+    }
+
+    void export_config(const std::string& export_id, const Options& ifw_options, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        Files::Filesystem& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
+
+        const fs::path config_xml_file_path = get_config_file_path(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+
+        fs::path config_xml_dir_path = config_xml_file_path.parent_path();
+        fs.create_directories(config_xml_dir_path, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           !ec,
+                           "Could not create directory for configuration file %s",
+                           config_xml_file_path.generic_string());
+
+        std::string formatted_repo_url;
+        std::string ifw_repo_url = ifw_options.maybe_repository_url.value_or("");
+        if (!ifw_repo_url.empty())
+        {
+            formatted_repo_url = Strings::format(R"###(
+    <RemoteRepositories>
+        <Repository>
+            <Url>%s</Url>
+        </Repository>
+    </RemoteRepositories>)###",
+                                                 ifw_repo_url);
+        }
+
+        fs.write_contents(config_xml_file_path,
+                          Strings::format(
+                              R"###(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<Installer>
+    <Name>vcpkg</Name>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <StartMenuDir>vcpkg</StartMenuDir>
+    <TargetDir>@RootDir@/src/vcpkg</TargetDir>%s
+</Installer>
+)###",
+                              formatted_repo_url));
+    }
+
+    void export_maintenance_tool(const fs::path& ifw_packages_dir_path, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        System::println("Exporting maintenance tool... ");
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        Files::Filesystem& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
+
+        const fs::path& installerbase_exe = paths.get_ifw_installerbase_exe();
+        fs::path tempmaintenancetool = ifw_packages_dir_path / "maintenance" / "data" / "tempmaintenancetool.exe";
+        fs.create_directories(tempmaintenancetool.parent_path(), ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           !ec,
+                           "Could not create directory for package file %s",
+                           tempmaintenancetool.generic_string());
+        fs.copy_file(installerbase_exe, tempmaintenancetool, fs::copy_options::overwrite_existing, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(
+            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !ec, "Could not write package file %s", tempmaintenancetool.generic_string());
+
+        fs::path package_xml_file_path = ifw_packages_dir_path / "maintenance" / "meta" / "package.xml";
+        fs::path package_xml_dir_path = package_xml_file_path.parent_path();
+        fs.create_directories(package_xml_dir_path, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           !ec,
+                           "Could not create directory for package file %s",
+                           package_xml_file_path.generic_string());
+        fs.write_contents(package_xml_file_path,
+                          Strings::format(
+                              R"###(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<Package>
+    <DisplayName>Maintenance Tool</DisplayName>
+    <Description>Maintenance Tool</Description>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <ReleaseDate>%s</ReleaseDate>
+    <Script>maintenance.qs</Script>
+    <Essential>true</Essential>
+    <Virtual>true</Virtual>
+    <ForcedInstallation>true</ForcedInstallation>
+</Package>
+)###",
+                              create_release_date()));
+        const fs::path script_source = paths.root / "scripts" / "ifw" / "maintenance.qs";
+        const fs::path script_destination = ifw_packages_dir_path / "maintenance" / "meta" / "maintenance.qs";
+        fs.copy_file(script_source, script_destination, fs::copy_options::overwrite_existing, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(
+            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !ec, "Could not write package file %s", script_destination.generic_string());
+
+        System::println("Exporting maintenance tool... done");
+    }
+
+    void do_repository(const std::string& export_id, const Options& ifw_options, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        const fs::path& repogen_exe = paths.get_ifw_repogen_exe();
+        const fs::path packages_dir = get_packages_dir_path(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+        const fs::path repository_dir = get_repository_dir_path(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+
+        System::println("Generating repository %s...", repository_dir.generic_string());
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        Files::Filesystem& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
+
+        fs.remove_all(repository_dir, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(
+            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !ec, "Could not remove outdated repository directory %s", repository_dir.generic_string());
+
+        const auto cmd_line = Strings::format(R"("%s" --packages "%s" "%s" > nul)",
+                                              repogen_exe.u8string(),
+                                              packages_dir.u8string(),
+                                              repository_dir.u8string());
+
+        const int exit_code = System::cmd_execute_clean(cmd_line);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, exit_code == 0, "Error: IFW repository generating failed");
+
+        System::println(System::Color::success, "Generating repository %s... done.", repository_dir.generic_string());
+    }
+
+    void do_installer(const std::string& export_id, const Options& ifw_options, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        const fs::path& binarycreator_exe = paths.get_ifw_binarycreator_exe();
+        const fs::path config_file = get_config_file_path(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+        const fs::path packages_dir = get_packages_dir_path(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+        const fs::path repository_dir = get_repository_dir_path(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+        const fs::path installer_file = get_installer_file_path(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+
+        System::println("Generating installer %s...", installer_file.generic_string());
+
+        std::string cmd_line;
+
+        std::string ifw_repo_url = ifw_options.maybe_repository_url.value_or("");
+        if (!ifw_repo_url.empty())
+        {
+            cmd_line = Strings::format(R"("%s" --online-only --config "%s" --repository "%s" "%s" > nul)",
+                                       binarycreator_exe.u8string(),
+                                       config_file.u8string(),
+                                       repository_dir.u8string(),
+                                       installer_file.u8string());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            cmd_line = Strings::format(R"("%s" --config "%s" --packages "%s" "%s" > nul)",
+                                       binarycreator_exe.u8string(),
+                                       config_file.u8string(),
+                                       packages_dir.u8string(),
+                                       installer_file.u8string());
+        }
+
+        const int exit_code = System::cmd_execute_clean(cmd_line);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, exit_code == 0, "Error: IFW installer generating failed");
+
+        System::println(System::Color::success, "Generating installer %s... done.", installer_file.generic_string());
+    }
+
+    void do_export(const std::vector<ExportPlanAction>& export_plan,
+                   const std::string& export_id,
+                   const Options& ifw_options,
+                   const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        Files::Filesystem& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
+
+        // Prepare packages directory
+        const fs::path ifw_packages_dir_path = get_packages_dir_path(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+
+        fs.remove_all(ifw_packages_dir_path, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           !ec,
+                           "Could not remove outdated packages directory %s",
+                           ifw_packages_dir_path.generic_string());
+
+        fs.create_directory(ifw_packages_dir_path, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(
+            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !ec, "Could not create packages directory %s", ifw_packages_dir_path.generic_string());
+
+        // Export maintenance tool
+        export_maintenance_tool(ifw_packages_dir_path, paths);
+
+        System::println("Exporting packages %s... ", ifw_packages_dir_path.generic_string());
+
+        // execute the plan
+        std::map<std::string, const ExportPlanAction*> unique_packages;
+        std::set<std::string> unique_triplets;
+        for (const ExportPlanAction& action : export_plan)
+        {
+            if (action.plan_type != ExportPlanType::ALREADY_BUILT)
+            {
+                Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+            }
+
+            const std::string display_name = action.spec.to_string();
+            System::println("Exporting package %s... ", display_name);
+
+            const BinaryParagraph& binary_paragraph =
+                action.any_paragraph.binary_control_file.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO).core_paragraph;
+
+            unique_packages[action.spec.name()] = &action;
+            unique_triplets.insert(action.spec.triplet().canonical_name());
+
+            // Export real package and return data dir for installation
+            fs::path ifw_package_dir_path = export_real_package(ifw_packages_dir_path, action, fs);
+
+            // Copy package data
+            const InstallDir dirs = InstallDir::from_destination_root(ifw_package_dir_path,
+                                                                      action.spec.triplet().to_string(),
+                                                                      ifw_package_dir_path / "vcpkg" / "info" /
+                                                                          (binary_paragraph.fullstem() + ".list"));
+
+            Install::install_files_and_write_listfile(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.package_dir(action.spec), dirs);
+            System::println("Exporting package %s... done", display_name);
+        }
+
+        System::println("Exporting packages %s... done", ifw_packages_dir_path.generic_string());
+
+        const fs::path config_file = get_config_file_path(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+
+        System::println("Generating configuration %s...", config_file.generic_string());
+
+        // Unique packages
+        export_unique_packages(ifw_packages_dir_path, unique_packages, fs);
+
+        // Unique triplets
+        export_unique_triplets(ifw_packages_dir_path, unique_triplets, fs);
+
+        // Copy files needed for integration
+        export_integration_files(ifw_packages_dir_path / "integration" / "data", paths);
+        // Integration
+        export_integration(ifw_packages_dir_path, fs);
+
+        // Configuration
+        export_config(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+
+        System::println("Generating configuration %s... done.", config_file.generic_string());
+
+        // Do repository (optional)
+        std::string ifw_repo_url = ifw_options.maybe_repository_url.value_or("");
+        if (!ifw_repo_url.empty())
+        {
+            do_repository(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+        }
+
+        // Do installer
+        do_installer(export_id, ifw_options, paths);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.hash.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.hash.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bc58b509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.hash.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+
+namespace vcpkg::Commands::Hash
+{
+    static void do_file_hash(fs::path const& path, std::string const& hash_type)
+    {
+        const auto cmd_line = Strings::format(R"(CertUtil.exe -hashfile "%s" %s)", path.u8string().c_str(), hash_type);
+        const auto ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd_line);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0, "Running command:\n   %s\n failed", cmd_line);
+
+        std::string const& output = ec_data.output;
+
+        const auto start = output.find_first_of("\r\n");
+        Checks::check_exit(
+            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, start != std::string::npos, "Unexpected output format from command: %s", cmd_line);
+
+        const auto end = output.find_first_of("\r\n", start + 1);
+        Checks::check_exit(
+            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, end != std::string::npos, "Unexpected output format from command: %s", cmd_line);
+
+        auto hash = output.substr(start, end - start);
+        Util::erase_remove_if(hash, isspace);
+        System::println(hash);
+    }
+
+    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
+    {
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Strings::format("The argument should be a file path\n%s",
+                                                           Help::create_example_string("hash boost_1_62_0.tar.bz2"));
+        args.check_min_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
+        args.check_max_arg_count(2, EXAMPLE);
+        args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
+
+        if (args.command_arguments.size() == 1)
+        {
+            do_file_hash(args.command_arguments[0], "SHA512");
+        }
+        if (args.command_arguments.size() == 2)
+        {
+            do_file_hash(args.command_arguments[0], args.command_arguments[1]);
+        }
+
+        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_import.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.import.cpp
index 5db1885b2..119aee022 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_import.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.import.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "StatusParagraph.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/statusparagraph.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::Import
 {
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Import
         for (auto&& file : files)
         {
             if (fs.is_directory(file)) continue;
-            auto ext = file.extension();
+            const auto ext = file.extension();
             if (ext == ".dll")
                 binaries.dlls.push_back(std::move(file));
             else if (ext == ".lib")
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Import
 
         for (auto const& src_path : files)
         {
-            fs::path dest_path = destination_folder / src_path.filename();
+            const fs::path dest_path = destination_folder / src_path.filename();
             fs.copy(src_path, dest_path, fs::copy_options::overwrite_existing);
         }
     }
@@ -59,10 +60,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Import
         check_is_directory(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, fs, include_directory);
         check_is_directory(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, fs, project_directory);
         check_is_directory(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, fs, destination_path);
-        Binaries debug_binaries = find_binaries_in_dir(fs, project_directory / "Debug");
-        Binaries release_binaries = find_binaries_in_dir(fs, project_directory / "Release");
+        const Binaries debug_binaries = find_binaries_in_dir(fs, project_directory / "Debug");
+        const Binaries release_binaries = find_binaries_in_dir(fs, project_directory / "Release");
 
-        fs::path destination_include_directory = destination_path / "include";
+        const fs::path destination_include_directory = destination_path / "include";
         fs.copy(include_directory,
                 destination_include_directory,
                 fs::copy_options::recursive | fs::copy_options::overwrite_existing);
@@ -82,20 +83,20 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Import
                           const BinaryParagraph& control_file_data)
     {
         auto& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
-        fs::path library_destination_path = paths.package_dir(control_file_data.spec);
+        const fs::path library_destination_path = paths.package_dir(control_file_data.spec);
         std::error_code ec;
         fs.create_directory(library_destination_path, ec);
         place_library_files_in(paths.get_filesystem(), include_directory, project_directory, library_destination_path);
 
-        fs::path control_file_path = library_destination_path / "CONTROL";
+        const fs::path control_file_path = library_destination_path / "CONTROL";
         fs.write_contents(control_file_path, Strings::serialize(control_file_data));
     }
 
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string example = Commands::Help::create_example_string(
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string(
             R"(import C:\path\to\CONTROLfile C:\path\to\includedir C:\path\to\projectdir)");
-        args.check_exact_arg_count(3, example);
+        args.check_exact_arg_count(3, EXAMPLE);
         args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
 
         const fs::path control_file_path(args.command_arguments[0]);
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_integrate.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.integrate.cpp
index c5942f9fc..0d185476e 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_integrate.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.integrate.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
 {
-    static const std::array<fs::path, 2> old_system_target_files = {
-        System::get_ProgramFiles_32_bit() / "MSBuild/14.0/Microsoft.Common.Targets/ImportBefore/vcpkg.nuget.targets",
-        System::get_ProgramFiles_32_bit() / "MSBuild/14.0/Microsoft.Common.Targets/ImportBefore/vcpkg.system.targets"};
-    static const fs::path system_wide_targets_file =
-        System::get_ProgramFiles_32_bit() / "MSBuild/Microsoft.Cpp/v4.0/V140/ImportBefore/Default/vcpkg.system.props";
-
     static std::string create_appdata_targets_shortcut(const std::string& target_path) noexcept
     {
         return Strings::format(R"###(
@@ -82,7 +76,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
                                                    const std::string& nuget_id,
                                                    const std::string& nupkg_version)
     {
-        static constexpr auto content_template = R"(
+        static constexpr auto CONTENT_TEMPLATE = R"(
 <package>
     <metadata>
         <id>@NUGET_ID@</id>
@@ -99,7 +93,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
 </package>
 )";
 
-        std::string content = std::regex_replace(content_template, std::regex("@NUGET_ID@"), nuget_id);
+        std::string content = std::regex_replace(CONTENT_TEMPLATE, std::regex("@NUGET_ID@"), nuget_id);
         content = std::regex_replace(content, std::regex("@VCPKG_DIR@"), vcpkg_root_dir.string());
         content = std::regex_replace(content, std::regex("@VERSION@"), nupkg_version);
         return content;
@@ -111,52 +105,67 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
         NO
     };
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
     static ElevationPromptChoice elevated_cmd_execute(const std::string& param)
     {
-        SHELLEXECUTEINFO shExInfo = {0};
-        shExInfo.cbSize = sizeof(shExInfo);
-        shExInfo.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
-        shExInfo.hwnd = nullptr;
-        shExInfo.lpVerb = "runas";
-        shExInfo.lpFile = "cmd"; // Application to start
-
-        shExInfo.lpParameters = param.c_str(); // Additional parameters
-        shExInfo.lpDirectory = nullptr;
-        shExInfo.nShow = SW_HIDE;
-        shExInfo.hInstApp = nullptr;
-
-        if (!ShellExecuteExA(&shExInfo))
+        SHELLEXECUTEINFOW sh_ex_info = {0};
+        sh_ex_info.cbSize = sizeof(sh_ex_info);
+        sh_ex_info.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
+        sh_ex_info.hwnd = nullptr;
+        sh_ex_info.lpVerb = L"runas";
+        sh_ex_info.lpFile = L"cmd"; // Application to start
+
+        auto wparam = Strings::to_utf16(param);
+        sh_ex_info.lpParameters = wparam.c_str(); // Additional parameters
+        sh_ex_info.lpDirectory = nullptr;
+        sh_ex_info.nShow = SW_HIDE;
+        sh_ex_info.hInstApp = nullptr;
+
+        if (!ShellExecuteExW(&sh_ex_info))
         {
             return ElevationPromptChoice::NO;
         }
-        if (shExInfo.hProcess == nullptr)
+        if (sh_ex_info.hProcess == nullptr)
         {
             return ElevationPromptChoice::NO;
         }
-        WaitForSingleObject(shExInfo.hProcess, INFINITE);
-        CloseHandle(shExInfo.hProcess);
+        WaitForSingleObject(sh_ex_info.hProcess, INFINITE);
+        CloseHandle(sh_ex_info.hProcess);
         return ElevationPromptChoice::YES;
     }
+#endif
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
     static fs::path get_appdata_targets_path()
     {
-        static const fs::path local_app_data =
-            fs::path(System::get_environment_variable(L"LOCALAPPDATA").value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO));
-        return local_app_data / "vcpkg" / "vcpkg.user.targets";
+        static const fs::path LOCAL_APP_DATA =
+            fs::path(System::get_environment_variable("LOCALAPPDATA").value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO));
+        return LOCAL_APP_DATA / "vcpkg" / "vcpkg.user.targets";
     }
+#endif
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
     static void integrate_install(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
+        static const std::array<fs::path, 2> OLD_SYSTEM_TARGET_FILES = {
+            System::get_program_files_32_bit() /
+                "MSBuild/14.0/Microsoft.Common.Targets/ImportBefore/vcpkg.nuget.targets",
+            System::get_program_files_32_bit() /
+                "MSBuild/14.0/Microsoft.Common.Targets/ImportBefore/vcpkg.system.targets"};
+        static const fs::path SYSTEM_WIDE_TARGETS_FILE =
+            System::get_program_files_32_bit() /
+            "MSBuild/Microsoft.Cpp/v4.0/V140/ImportBefore/Default/vcpkg.system.props";
+
         auto& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
 
         // TODO: This block of code should eventually be removed
-        for (auto&& old_system_wide_targets_file : old_system_target_files)
+        for (auto&& old_system_wide_targets_file : OLD_SYSTEM_TARGET_FILES)
         {
             if (fs.exists(old_system_wide_targets_file))
             {
                 const std::string param =
                     Strings::format(R"(/c DEL "%s" /Q > nul)", old_system_wide_targets_file.string());
-                ElevationPromptChoice user_choice = elevated_cmd_execute(param);
+                const ElevationPromptChoice user_choice = elevated_cmd_execute(param);
                 switch (user_choice)
                 {
                     case ElevationPromptChoice::YES: break;
@@ -174,15 +183,15 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
         fs.create_directory(tmp_dir, ec);
 
         bool should_install_system = true;
-        const Expected<std::string> system_wide_file_contents = fs.read_contents(system_wide_targets_file);
-        if (auto contents_data = system_wide_file_contents.get())
+        const Expected<std::string> system_wide_file_contents = fs.read_contents(SYSTEM_WIDE_TARGETS_FILE);
+        static const std::regex RE(R"###(<!-- version (\d+) -->)###");
+        if (const auto contents_data = system_wide_file_contents.get())
         {
-            std::regex re(R"###(<!-- version (\d+) -->)###");
             std::match_results<std::string::const_iterator> match;
-            auto found = std::regex_search(*contents_data, match, re);
+            const auto found = std::regex_search(*contents_data, match, RE);
             if (found)
             {
-                int ver = atoi(match[1].str().c_str());
+                const int ver = atoi(match[1].str().c_str());
                 if (ver >= 1) should_install_system = false;
             }
         }
@@ -193,10 +202,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
             fs.write_contents(sys_src_path, create_system_targets_shortcut());
 
             const std::string param = Strings::format(R"(/c mkdir "%s" & copy "%s" "%s" /Y > nul)",
-                                                      system_wide_targets_file.parent_path().string(),
+                                                      SYSTEM_WIDE_TARGETS_FILE.parent_path().string(),
                                                       sys_src_path.string(),
-                                                      system_wide_targets_file.string());
-            ElevationPromptChoice user_choice = elevated_cmd_execute(param);
+                                                      SYSTEM_WIDE_TARGETS_FILE.string());
+            const ElevationPromptChoice user_choice = elevated_cmd_execute(param);
             switch (user_choice)
             {
                 case ElevationPromptChoice::YES: break;
@@ -207,9 +216,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
             }
 
             Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                               fs.exists(system_wide_targets_file),
+                               fs.exists(SYSTEM_WIDE_TARGETS_FILE),
                                "Error: failed to copy targets file to %s",
-                               system_wide_targets_file.string());
+                               SYSTEM_WIDE_TARGETS_FILE.string());
         }
 
         const fs::path appdata_src_path = tmp_dir / "vcpkg.user.targets";
@@ -217,7 +226,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
                           create_appdata_targets_shortcut(paths.buildsystems_msbuild_targets.string()));
         auto appdata_dst_path = get_appdata_targets_path();
 
-        auto rc = fs.copy_file(appdata_src_path, appdata_dst_path, fs::copy_options::overwrite_existing, ec);
+        const auto rc = fs.copy_file(appdata_src_path, appdata_dst_path, fs::copy_options::overwrite_existing, ec);
 
         if (!rc || ec)
         {
@@ -229,13 +238,14 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
         }
         System::println(System::Color::success, "Applied user-wide integration for this vcpkg root.");
         const fs::path cmake_toolchain = paths.buildsystems / "vcpkg.cmake";
-        System::println("\n"
-                        "All MSBuild C++ projects can now #include any installed libraries.\n"
-                        "Linking will be handled automatically.\n"
-                        "Installing new libraries will make them instantly available.\n"
-                        "\n"
-                        "CMake projects should use -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=%s",
-                        cmake_toolchain.generic_string());
+        System::println(
+            R"(
+All MSBuild C++ projects can now #include any installed libraries.
+Linking will be handled automatically.
+Installing new libraries will make them instantly available.
+
+CMake projects should use: "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=%s")",
+            cmake_toolchain.generic_string());
 
         Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
     }
@@ -245,7 +255,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
         const fs::path path = get_appdata_targets_path();
 
         std::error_code ec;
-        bool was_deleted = fs.remove(path, ec);
+        const bool was_deleted = fs.remove(path, ec);
 
         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !ec, "Error: Unable to remove user-wide integration: %d", ec.message());
 
@@ -260,6 +270,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
 
         Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
     }
+#endif
 
     static void integrate_project(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
@@ -284,10 +295,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Integrate
         fs.write_contents(nuspec_file_path, create_nuspec_file_contents(paths.root, nuget_id, nupkg_version));
 
         // Using all forward slashes for the command line
-        const std::wstring cmd_line = Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" pack -OutputDirectory "%s" "%s" > nul)",
-                                                       nuget_exe.native(),
-                                                       buildsystems_dir.native(),
-                                                       nuspec_file_path.native());
+        const std::string cmd_line = Strings::format(R"("%s" pack -OutputDirectory "%s" "%s" > nul)",
+                                                     nuget_exe.u8string(),
+                                                     buildsystems_dir.u8string(),
+                                                     nuspec_file_path.u8string());
 
         const int exit_code = System::cmd_execute_clean(cmd_line);
 
@@ -317,12 +328,13 @@ With a project open, go to Tools->NuGet Package Manager->Package Manager Console
 
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string example = Strings::format("Commands:\n"
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Strings::format("Commands:\n"
                                                            "%s",
                                                            INTEGRATE_COMMAND_HELPSTRING);
-        args.check_exact_arg_count(1, example);
+        args.check_exact_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
         args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         if (args.command_arguments[0] == "install")
         {
             return integrate_install(paths);
@@ -335,6 +347,7 @@ With a project open, go to Tools->NuGet Package Manager->Package Manager Console
         {
             return integrate_project(paths);
         }
+#endif
 
         Checks::exit_with_message(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Unknown parameter %s for integrate", args.command_arguments[0]);
     }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_list.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.list.cpp
index 3cfa7e184..d0e8e00b4 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_list.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.list.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::List
 {
     static const std::string OPTION_FULLDESC = "--x-full-desc"; // TODO: This should find a better home, eventually
 
-    static void do_print(const StatusParagraph& pgh, bool FullDesc)
+    static void do_print(const StatusParagraph& pgh, bool full_desc)
     {
-        if (FullDesc)
+        if (full_desc)
         {
             System::println("%-30s %-16s %s", pgh.package.displayname(), pgh.package.version, pgh.package.description);
         }
@@ -25,10 +26,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::List
 
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string example = Strings::format(
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Strings::format(
             "The argument should be a substring to search for, or no argument to display all installed libraries.\n%s",
-            Commands::Help::create_example_string("list png"));
-        args.check_max_arg_count(1, example);
+            Help::create_example_string("list png"));
+        args.check_max_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
         const std::unordered_set<std::string> options =
             args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({OPTION_FULLDESC});
 
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_owns.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.owns.cpp
index 757292e96..69079e829 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_owns.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.owns.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::Owns
 {
@@ -25,9 +26,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Owns
 
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string example = Strings::format("The argument should be a pattern to search for. %s",
-                                                           Commands::Help::create_example_string("owns zlib.dll"));
-        args.check_exact_arg_count(1, example);
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Strings::format("The argument should be a pattern to search for. %s",
+                                                           Help::create_example_string("owns zlib.dll"));
+        args.check_exact_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
         args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
 
         StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_portsdiff.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.portsdiff.cpp
index 83d62896f..a8c043751 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_portsdiff.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.portsdiff.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "SortedVector.h"
-#include "SourceParagraph.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Maps.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/sortedvector.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::PortsDiff
 {
@@ -69,33 +70,33 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::PortsDiff
         for (const std::string& name : ports_to_print)
         {
             const VersionT& version = names_and_versions.at(name);
-            System::println("%-20s %-16s", name, version);
+            System::println("    - %-14s %-16s", name, version);
         }
     }
 
     static std::map<std::string, VersionT> read_ports_from_commit(const VcpkgPaths& paths,
-                                                                  const std::wstring& git_commit_id)
+                                                                  const std::string& git_commit_id)
     {
         std::error_code ec;
         auto& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
         const fs::path& git_exe = paths.get_git_exe();
         const fs::path dot_git_dir = paths.root / ".git";
-        const std::wstring ports_dir_name_as_string = paths.ports.filename().native();
+        const std::string ports_dir_name_as_string = paths.ports.filename().u8string();
         const fs::path temp_checkout_path =
-            paths.root / Strings::wformat(L"%s-%s", ports_dir_name_as_string, git_commit_id);
+            paths.root / Strings::format("%s-%s", ports_dir_name_as_string, git_commit_id);
         fs.create_directory(temp_checkout_path, ec);
-        const std::wstring checkout_this_dir =
-            Strings::wformat(LR"(.\%s)", ports_dir_name_as_string); // Must be relative to the root of the repository
-
-        const std::wstring cmd =
-            Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" --git-dir="%s" --work-tree="%s" checkout %s -f -q -- %s %s & "%s" reset >NUL)",
-                             git_exe.native(),
-                             dot_git_dir.native(),
-                             temp_checkout_path.native(),
-                             git_commit_id,
-                             checkout_this_dir,
-                             L".vcpkg-root",
-                             git_exe.native());
+        const auto checkout_this_dir =
+            Strings::format(R"(.\%s)", ports_dir_name_as_string); // Must be relative to the root of the repository
+
+        const std::string cmd =
+            Strings::format(R"("%s" --git-dir="%s" --work-tree="%s" checkout %s -f -q -- %s %s & "%s" reset >NUL)",
+                            git_exe.u8string(),
+                            dot_git_dir.u8string(),
+                            temp_checkout_path.u8string(),
+                            git_commit_id,
+                            checkout_this_dir,
+                            ".vcpkg-root",
+                            git_exe.u8string());
         System::cmd_execute_clean(cmd);
         const std::map<std::string, VersionT> names_and_versions = Paragraphs::load_all_port_names_and_versions(
             paths.get_filesystem(), temp_checkout_path / ports_dir_name_as_string);
@@ -103,32 +104,29 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::PortsDiff
         return names_and_versions;
     }
 
-    static void check_commit_exists(const fs::path& git_exe, const std::wstring& git_commit_id)
+    static void check_commit_exists(const fs::path& git_exe, const std::string& git_commit_id)
     {
         static const std::string VALID_COMMIT_OUTPUT = "commit\n";
 
-        const std::wstring cmd = Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" cat-file -t %s)", git_exe.native(), git_commit_id);
+        const auto cmd = Strings::format(R"("%s" cat-file -t %s)", git_exe.u8string(), git_commit_id);
         const System::ExitCodeAndOutput output = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd);
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                           output.output == VALID_COMMIT_OUTPUT,
-                           "Invalid commit id %s",
-                           Strings::to_utf8(git_commit_id));
+        Checks::check_exit(
+            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, output.output == VALID_COMMIT_OUTPUT, "Invalid commit id %s", git_commit_id);
     }
 
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string example =
-            Strings::format("The argument should be a branch/tag/hash to checkout.\n%s",
-                            Commands::Help::create_example_string("portsdiff mybranchname"));
-        args.check_min_arg_count(1, example);
-        args.check_max_arg_count(2, example);
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Strings::format("The argument should be a branch/tag/hash to checkout.\n%s",
+                                                           Help::create_example_string("portsdiff mybranchname"));
+        args.check_min_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
+        args.check_max_arg_count(2, EXAMPLE);
         args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
 
         const fs::path& git_exe = paths.get_git_exe();
 
-        const std::wstring git_commit_id_for_previous_snapshot = Strings::to_utf16(args.command_arguments.at(0));
-        const std::wstring git_commit_id_for_current_snapshot =
-            args.command_arguments.size() < 2 ? L"HEAD" : Strings::to_utf16(args.command_arguments.at(1));
+        const std::string git_commit_id_for_previous_snapshot = args.command_arguments.at(0);
+        const std::string git_commit_id_for_current_snapshot =
+            args.command_arguments.size() < 2 ? "HEAD" : args.command_arguments.at(1);
 
         check_commit_exists(git_exe, git_commit_id_for_current_snapshot);
         check_commit_exists(git_exe, git_commit_id_for_previous_snapshot);
@@ -139,8 +137,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::PortsDiff
             read_ports_from_commit(paths, git_commit_id_for_previous_snapshot);
 
         // Already sorted, so set_difference can work on std::vector too
-        std::vector<std::string> current_ports = Maps::extract_keys(current_names_and_versions);
-        std::vector<std::string> previous_ports = Maps::extract_keys(previous_names_and_versions);
+        const std::vector<std::string> current_ports = Util::extract_keys(current_names_and_versions);
+        const std::vector<std::string> previous_ports = Util::extract_keys(previous_names_and_versions);
 
         const SetElementPresence<std::string> setp =
             SetElementPresence<std::string>::create(current_ports, previous_ports);
@@ -148,14 +146,14 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::PortsDiff
         const std::vector<std::string>& added_ports = setp.only_left;
         if (!added_ports.empty())
         {
-            System::println("\nThe following %d ports were added:\n", added_ports.size());
+            System::println("\nThe following %d ports were added:", added_ports.size());
             do_print_name_and_version(added_ports, current_names_and_versions);
         }
 
         const std::vector<std::string>& removed_ports = setp.only_right;
         if (!removed_ports.empty())
         {
-            System::println("\nThe following %d ports were removed:\n", removed_ports.size());
+            System::println("\nThe following %d ports were removed:", removed_ports.size());
             do_print_name_and_version(removed_ports, previous_names_and_versions);
         }
 
@@ -165,10 +163,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::PortsDiff
 
         if (!updated_ports.empty())
         {
-            System::println("\nThe following %d ports were updated:\n", updated_ports.size());
+            System::println("\nThe following %d ports were updated:", updated_ports.size());
             for (const UpdatedPort& p : updated_ports)
             {
-                System::println("%-20s %-16s", p.port, p.version_diff.to_string());
+                System::println("    - %-14s %-16s", p.port, p.version_diff.to_string());
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_search.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.search.cpp
index 529d52a8b..3ba8707de 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_search.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.search.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "SourceParagraph.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_GlobalState.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/sourceparagraph.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Commands::Search
 {
@@ -80,34 +81,15 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Search
 
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
-        static const std::string example = Strings::format(
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Strings::format(
             "The argument should be a substring to search for, or no argument to display all libraries.\n%s",
-            Commands::Help::create_example_string("search png"));
-        args.check_max_arg_count(1, example);
+            Help::create_example_string("search png"));
+        args.check_max_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
         const std::unordered_set<std::string> options =
             args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({OPTION_GRAPH, OPTION_FULLDESC});
 
-        auto sources_and_errors = Paragraphs::try_load_all_ports(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.ports);
+        auto source_paragraphs = Paragraphs::load_all_ports(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.ports);
 
-        if (!sources_and_errors.errors.empty())
-        {
-            if (GlobalState::debugging)
-            {
-                print_error_message(sources_and_errors.errors);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                for (auto&& error : sources_and_errors.errors)
-                {
-                    System::println(
-                        System::Color::warning, "Warning: an error occurred while parsing '%s'", error->name);
-                }
-                System::println(System::Color::warning,
-                                "Use '--debug' to get more information about the parse failures.\n");
-            }
-        }
-
-        auto& source_paragraphs = sources_and_errors.paragraphs;
         if (options.find(OPTION_GRAPH) != options.cend())
         {
             const std::string graph_as_string = create_graph_as_string(source_paragraphs);
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.version.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.version.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..403c355b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/commands.version.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+
+#define STRINGIFY(...) #__VA_ARGS__
+#define MACRO_TO_STRING(X) STRINGIFY(X)
+
+#define VCPKG_VERSION_AS_STRING MACRO_TO_STRING(VCPKG_VERSION)
+
+namespace vcpkg::Commands::Version
+{
+    const std::string& version()
+    {
+        static const std::string S_VERSION =
+#include "../VERSION.txt"
+
+            +std::string(VCPKG_VERSION_AS_STRING)
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+            + std::string("-debug")
+#endif
+            + std::string(Metrics::get_compiled_metrics_enabled() ? "" : "-external");
+        return S_VERSION;
+    }
+
+    static int scan3(const char* input, const char* pattern, int* a, int* b, int* c)
+    {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        return sscanf_s(input, pattern, a, b, c);
+#else
+        return sscanf(input, pattern, a, b, c);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void warn_if_vcpkg_version_mismatch(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        auto version_file = paths.get_filesystem().read_contents(paths.root / "toolsrc" / "VERSION.txt");
+        if (const auto version_contents = version_file.get())
+        {
+            int maj1, min1, rev1;
+            const auto num1 = scan3(version_contents->c_str(), "\"%d.%d.%d\"", &maj1, &min1, &rev1);
+
+            int maj2, min2, rev2;
+            const auto num2 = scan3(Version::version().c_str(), "%d.%d.%d-", &maj2, &min2, &rev2);
+
+            if (num1 == 3 && num2 == 3)
+            {
+                if (maj1 != maj2 || min1 != min2 || rev1 != rev2)
+                {
+                    System::println(System::Color::warning,
+                                    "Warning: Different source is available for vcpkg (%d.%d.%d -> %d.%d.%d). Use "
+                                    ".\\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat to update.",
+                                    maj2,
+                                    min2,
+                                    rev2,
+                                    maj1,
+                                    min1,
+                                    rev1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args)
+    {
+        args.check_exact_arg_count(0);
+        args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments({});
+
+        System::println("Vcpkg package management program version %s\n"
+                        "\n"
+                        "See LICENSE.txt for license information.",
+                        version());
+        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Dependencies.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/dependencies.cpp
index 1a0f0a6ed..02b2ec785 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Dependencies.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/dependencies.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "PackageSpec.h"
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "StatusParagraphs.h"
-#include "VcpkgPaths.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Dependencies.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Graphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/graphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>
+#include <vcpkg/packagespec.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/statusparagraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
 {
@@ -43,14 +43,17 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
     bool operator==(const ClusterPtr& l, const ClusterPtr& r) { return l.ptr == r.ptr; }
 }
 
-template<>
-struct std::hash<vcpkg::Dependencies::ClusterPtr>
+namespace std
 {
-    size_t operator()(const vcpkg::Dependencies::ClusterPtr& value) const
+    template<>
+    struct hash<vcpkg::Dependencies::ClusterPtr>
     {
-        return std::hash<vcpkg::PackageSpec>()(value.ptr->spec);
-    }
-};
+        size_t operator()(const vcpkg::Dependencies::ClusterPtr& value) const
+        {
+            return std::hash<vcpkg::PackageSpec>()(value.ptr->spec);
+        }
+    };
+}
 
 namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
 {
@@ -213,6 +216,21 @@ namespace vcpkg::Dependencies
     {
     }
 
+    const PackageSpec& AnyAction::spec() const
+    {
+        if (const auto p = install_plan.get())
+        {
+            return p->spec;
+        }
+
+        if (const auto p = remove_plan.get())
+        {
+            return p->spec;
+        }
+
+        Checks::exit_with_message(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Null action");
+    }
+
     bool ExportPlanAction::compare_by_name(const ExportPlanAction* left, const ExportPlanAction* right)
     {
         return left->spec.name() < right->spec.name();
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_export.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/export.cpp
index dbfb09aab..5e27d4126 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_export.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/export.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Dependencies.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>
+#include <vcpkg/export.ifw.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/input.h>
+#include <vcpkg/install.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
+
 #include <regex>
 
-namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
+namespace vcpkg::Export
 {
     using Dependencies::ExportPlanAction;
     using Dependencies::ExportPlanType;
@@ -21,7 +25,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
                                                    const std::string& nuget_id,
                                                    const std::string& nupkg_version)
     {
-        static constexpr auto content_template = R"(
+        static constexpr auto CONTENT_TEMPLATE = R"(
 <package>
     <metadata>
         <id>@NUGET_ID@</id>
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
 </package>
 )";
 
-        std::string nuspec_file_content = std::regex_replace(content_template, std::regex("@NUGET_ID@"), nuget_id);
+        std::string nuspec_file_content = std::regex_replace(CONTENT_TEMPLATE, std::regex("@NUGET_ID@"), nuget_id);
         nuspec_file_content = std::regex_replace(nuspec_file_content, std::regex("@VERSION@"), nupkg_version);
         nuspec_file_content =
             std::regex_replace(nuspec_file_content, std::regex("@RAW_EXPORTED_DIR@"), raw_exported_dir);
@@ -62,10 +66,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
 
     static void print_plan(const std::map<ExportPlanType, std::vector<const ExportPlanAction*>>& group_by_plan_type)
     {
-        static constexpr std::array<ExportPlanType, 2> order = {ExportPlanType::ALREADY_BUILT,
+        static constexpr std::array<ExportPlanType, 2> ORDER = {ExportPlanType::ALREADY_BUILT,
                                                                 ExportPlanType::PORT_AVAILABLE_BUT_NOT_BUILT};
 
-        for (const ExportPlanType plan_type : order)
+        for (const ExportPlanType plan_type : ORDER)
         {
             const auto it = group_by_plan_type.find(plan_type);
             if (it == group_by_plan_type.cend())
@@ -133,11 +137,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
         fs.write_contents(nuspec_file_path, nuspec_file_content);
 
         // -NoDefaultExcludes is needed for ".vcpkg-root"
-        const std::wstring cmd_line =
-            Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" pack -OutputDirectory "%s" "%s" -NoDefaultExcludes > nul)",
-                             nuget_exe.native(),
-                             output_dir.native(),
-                             nuspec_file_path.native());
+        const auto cmd_line = Strings::format(R"("%s" pack -OutputDirectory "%s" "%s" -NoDefaultExcludes > nul)",
+                                              nuget_exe.u8string(),
+                                              output_dir.u8string(),
+                                              nuspec_file_path.u8string());
 
         const int exit_code = System::cmd_execute_clean(cmd_line);
         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, exit_code == 0, "Error: NuGet package creation failed");
@@ -151,30 +154,30 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
         enum class BackingEnum
         {
             ZIP = 1,
-            _7ZIP,
+            SEVEN_ZIP,
         };
 
         constexpr ArchiveFormat() = delete;
 
-        constexpr ArchiveFormat(BackingEnum backing_enum, const wchar_t* extension, const wchar_t* cmake_option)
+        constexpr ArchiveFormat(BackingEnum backing_enum, const char* extension, const char* cmake_option)
             : backing_enum(backing_enum), m_extension(extension), m_cmake_option(cmake_option)
         {
         }
 
         constexpr operator BackingEnum() const { return backing_enum; }
-        constexpr CWStringView extension() const { return this->m_extension; }
-        constexpr CWStringView cmake_option() const { return this->m_cmake_option; }
+        constexpr CStringView extension() const { return this->m_extension; }
+        constexpr CStringView cmake_option() const { return this->m_cmake_option; }
 
     private:
         BackingEnum backing_enum;
-        const wchar_t* m_extension;
-        const wchar_t* m_cmake_option;
+        const char* m_extension;
+        const char* m_cmake_option;
     };
 
     namespace ArchiveFormatC
     {
-        constexpr const ArchiveFormat ZIP(ArchiveFormat::BackingEnum::ZIP, L"zip", L"zip");
-        constexpr const ArchiveFormat _7ZIP(ArchiveFormat::BackingEnum::_7ZIP, L"7z", L"7zip");
+        constexpr const ArchiveFormat ZIP(ArchiveFormat::BackingEnum::ZIP, "zip", "zip");
+        constexpr const ArchiveFormat SEVEN_ZIP(ArchiveFormat::BackingEnum::SEVEN_ZIP, "7z", "7zip");
     }
 
     static fs::path do_archive_export(const VcpkgPaths& paths,
@@ -184,17 +187,17 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
     {
         const fs::path& cmake_exe = paths.get_cmake_exe();
 
-        const std::wstring exported_dir_filename = raw_exported_dir.filename().native();
-        const std::wstring exported_archive_filename =
-            Strings::wformat(L"%s.%s", exported_dir_filename, format.extension());
+        const std::string exported_dir_filename = raw_exported_dir.filename().u8string();
+        const std::string exported_archive_filename =
+            Strings::format("%s.%s", exported_dir_filename, format.extension());
         const fs::path exported_archive_path = (output_dir / exported_archive_filename);
 
         // -NoDefaultExcludes is needed for ".vcpkg-root"
-        const std::wstring cmd_line = Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" -E tar "cf" "%s" --format=%s -- "%s")",
-                                                       cmake_exe.native(),
-                                                       exported_archive_path.native(),
-                                                       format.cmake_option(),
-                                                       raw_exported_dir.native());
+        const auto cmd_line = Strings::format(R"("%s" -E tar "cf" "%s" --format=%s -- "%s")",
+                                              cmake_exe.u8string(),
+                                              exported_archive_path.u8string(),
+                                              format.cmake_option(),
+                                              raw_exported_dir.u8string());
 
         const int exit_code = System::cmd_execute_clean(cmd_line);
         Checks::check_exit(
@@ -210,103 +213,167 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
         return nullopt;
     }
 
-    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
+    void export_integration_files(const fs::path& raw_exported_dir_path, const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        const std::vector<fs::path> integration_files_relative_to_root = {
+            {".vcpkg-root"},
+            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "buildsystems" / "msbuild" / "applocal.ps1"},
+            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "buildsystems" / "msbuild" / "vcpkg.targets"},
+            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "buildsystems" / "vcpkg.cmake"},
+            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "cmake" / "vcpkg_get_windows_sdk.cmake"},
+            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "getWindowsSDK.ps1"},
+            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "getProgramFilesPlatformBitness.ps1"},
+            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "getProgramFiles32bit.ps1"},
+        };
+
+        for (const fs::path& file : integration_files_relative_to_root)
+        {
+            const fs::path source = paths.root / file;
+            fs::path destination = raw_exported_dir_path / file;
+            Files::Filesystem& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
+            std::error_code ec;
+            fs.create_directories(destination.parent_path(), ec);
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !ec);
+            fs.copy_file(source, destination, fs::copy_options::overwrite_existing, ec);
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !ec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct ExportArguments
     {
+        bool dry_run;
+        bool raw;
+        bool nuget;
+        bool ifw;
+        bool zip;
+        bool seven_zip;
+
+        Optional<std::string> maybe_nuget_id;
+        Optional<std::string> maybe_nuget_version;
+
+        IFW::Options ifw_options;
+        std::vector<PackageSpec> specs;
+    };
+
+    static ExportArguments handle_export_command_arguments(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args,
+                                                           const Triplet& default_triplet)
+    {
+        ExportArguments ret;
+
         static const std::string OPTION_DRY_RUN = "--dry-run";
         static const std::string OPTION_RAW = "--raw";
         static const std::string OPTION_NUGET = "--nuget";
+        static const std::string OPTION_IFW = "--ifw";
         static const std::string OPTION_ZIP = "--zip";
-        static const std::string OPTION_7ZIP = "--7zip";
+        static const std::string OPTION_SEVEN_ZIP = "--7zip";
         static const std::string OPTION_NUGET_ID = "--nuget-id";
         static const std::string OPTION_NUGET_VERSION = "--nuget-version";
+        static const std::string OPTION_IFW_REPOSITORY_URL = "--ifw-repository-url";
+        static const std::string OPTION_IFW_PACKAGES_DIR_PATH = "--ifw-packages-directory-path";
+        static const std::string OPTION_IFW_REPOSITORY_DIR_PATH = "--ifw-repository-directory-path";
+        static const std::string OPTION_IFW_CONFIG_FILE_PATH = "--ifw-configuration-file-path";
+        static const std::string OPTION_IFW_INSTALLER_FILE_PATH = "--ifw-installer-file-path";
 
         // input sanitization
-        static const std::string example =
-            Commands::Help::create_example_string("export zlib zlib:x64-windows boost --nuget");
-        args.check_min_arg_count(1, example);
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string("export zlib zlib:x64-windows boost --nuget");
+        args.check_min_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
 
-        const std::vector<PackageSpec> specs = Util::fmap(args.command_arguments, [&](auto&& arg) {
-            return Input::check_and_get_package_spec(arg, default_triplet, example);
+        ret.specs = Util::fmap(args.command_arguments, [&](auto&& arg) {
+            return Input::check_and_get_package_spec(arg, default_triplet, EXAMPLE);
         });
-        for (auto&& spec : specs)
-            Input::check_triplet(spec.triplet(), paths);
 
         const auto options = args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments(
             {
                 OPTION_DRY_RUN,
                 OPTION_RAW,
                 OPTION_NUGET,
+                OPTION_IFW,
                 OPTION_ZIP,
-                OPTION_7ZIP,
+                OPTION_SEVEN_ZIP,
             },
             {
                 OPTION_NUGET_ID,
                 OPTION_NUGET_VERSION,
+                OPTION_IFW_REPOSITORY_URL,
+                OPTION_IFW_PACKAGES_DIR_PATH,
+                OPTION_IFW_REPOSITORY_DIR_PATH,
+                OPTION_IFW_CONFIG_FILE_PATH,
+                OPTION_IFW_INSTALLER_FILE_PATH,
             });
-        const bool dryRun = options.switches.find(OPTION_DRY_RUN) != options.switches.cend();
-        const bool raw = options.switches.find(OPTION_RAW) != options.switches.cend();
-        const bool nuget = options.switches.find(OPTION_NUGET) != options.switches.cend();
-        const bool zip = options.switches.find(OPTION_ZIP) != options.switches.cend();
-        const bool _7zip = options.switches.find(OPTION_7ZIP) != options.switches.cend();
-
-        if (!raw && !nuget && !zip && !_7zip && !dryRun)
-        {
-            System::println(System::Color::error, "Must provide at least one export type: --raw --nuget --zip --7zip");
-            System::print(example);
-            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        }
-
-        auto maybe_nuget_id = maybe_lookup(options.settings, OPTION_NUGET_ID);
-        auto maybe_nuget_version = maybe_lookup(options.settings, OPTION_NUGET_VERSION);
-
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !maybe_nuget_id || nuget, "--nuget-id is only valid with --nuget");
-        Checks::check_exit(
-            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !maybe_nuget_version || nuget, "--nuget-version is only valid with --nuget");
-
-        // create the plan
-        const StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
-        std::vector<ExportPlanAction> export_plan = Dependencies::create_export_plan(paths, specs, status_db);
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !export_plan.empty(), "Export plan cannot be empty");
-
-        std::map<ExportPlanType, std::vector<const ExportPlanAction*>> group_by_plan_type;
-        Util::group_by(export_plan, &group_by_plan_type, [](const ExportPlanAction& p) { return p.plan_type; });
-        print_plan(group_by_plan_type);
-
-        const bool has_non_user_requested_packages =
-            Util::find_if(export_plan, [](const ExportPlanAction& package) -> bool {
-                return package.request_type != RequestType::USER_REQUESTED;
-            }) != export_plan.cend();
-
-        if (has_non_user_requested_packages)
-        {
-            System::println(System::Color::warning,
-                            "Additional packages (*) need to be exported to complete this operation.");
-        }
-
-        const auto it = group_by_plan_type.find(ExportPlanType::PORT_AVAILABLE_BUT_NOT_BUILT);
-        if (it != group_by_plan_type.cend() && !it->second.empty())
+        ret.dry_run = options.switches.find(OPTION_DRY_RUN) != options.switches.cend();
+        ret.raw = options.switches.find(OPTION_RAW) != options.switches.cend();
+        ret.nuget = options.switches.find(OPTION_NUGET) != options.switches.cend();
+        ret.ifw = options.switches.find(OPTION_IFW) != options.switches.cend();
+        ret.zip = options.switches.find(OPTION_ZIP) != options.switches.cend();
+        ret.seven_zip = options.switches.find(OPTION_SEVEN_ZIP) != options.switches.cend();
+
+        if (!ret.raw && !ret.nuget && !ret.ifw && !ret.zip && !ret.seven_zip && !ret.dry_run)
         {
-            System::println(System::Color::error, "There are packages that have not been built.");
-
-            // No need to show all of them, just the user-requested ones. Dependency resolution will handle the rest.
-            std::vector<const ExportPlanAction*> unbuilt = it->second;
-            Util::erase_remove_if(
-                unbuilt, [](const ExportPlanAction* a) { return a->request_type != RequestType::USER_REQUESTED; });
-
-            const auto s = Strings::join(" ", unbuilt, [](const ExportPlanAction* a) { return a->spec.to_string(); });
-            System::println("To build them, run:\n"
-                            "    vcpkg install %s",
-                            s);
+            System::println(System::Color::error,
+                            "Must provide at least one export type: --raw --nuget --ifw --zip --7zip");
+            System::print(EXAMPLE);
             Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
 
-        if (dryRun)
+        struct OptionPair
         {
-            Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        }
+            const std::string& name;
+            Optional<std::string>& out_opt;
+        };
+        const auto options_implies =
+            [&](const std::string& main_opt_name, bool main_opt, Span<const OptionPair> implying_opts) {
+                if (main_opt)
+                {
+                    for (auto&& opt : implying_opts)
+                        opt.out_opt = maybe_lookup(options.settings, opt.name);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (auto&& opt : implying_opts)
+                        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                                           !maybe_lookup(options.settings, opt.name),
+                                           "%s is only valid with %s",
+                                           opt.name,
+                                           main_opt_name);
+                }
+            };
+
+        options_implies(OPTION_NUGET,
+                        ret.nuget,
+                        {
+                            {OPTION_NUGET_ID, ret.maybe_nuget_id},
+                            {OPTION_NUGET_VERSION, ret.maybe_nuget_version},
+                        });
+
+        options_implies(OPTION_IFW,
+                        ret.ifw,
+                        {
+                            {OPTION_IFW_REPOSITORY_URL, ret.ifw_options.maybe_repository_url},
+                            {OPTION_IFW_PACKAGES_DIR_PATH, ret.ifw_options.maybe_packages_dir_path},
+                            {OPTION_IFW_REPOSITORY_DIR_PATH, ret.ifw_options.maybe_repository_dir_path},
+                            {OPTION_IFW_CONFIG_FILE_PATH, ret.ifw_options.maybe_config_file_path},
+                            {OPTION_IFW_INSTALLER_FILE_PATH, ret.ifw_options.maybe_installer_file_path},
+                        });
+        return ret;
+    }
 
-        const std::string export_id = create_export_id();
+    static void print_next_step_info(const fs::path& prefix)
+    {
+        const fs::path cmake_toolchain = prefix / "scripts" / "buildsystems" / "vcpkg.cmake";
+        const CMakeVariable cmake_variable = CMakeVariable("CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE", cmake_toolchain.generic_string());
+        System::println("\n"
+                        "To use the exported libraries in CMake projects use:"
+                        "\n"
+                        "    %s"
+                        "\n",
+                        cmake_variable.s);
+    };
 
+    static void handle_raw_based_export(Span<const ExportPlanAction> export_plan,
+                                        const ExportArguments& opts,
+                                        const std::string& export_id,
+                                        const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
         Files::Filesystem& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
         const fs::path export_to_path = paths.root;
         const fs::path raw_exported_dir_path = export_to_path / export_id;
@@ -327,6 +394,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
 
             const BinaryParagraph& binary_paragraph =
                 action.any_paragraph.binary_control_file.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO).core_paragraph;
+
             const InstallDir dirs = InstallDir::from_destination_root(
                 raw_exported_dir_path / "installed",
                 action.spec.triplet().to_string(),
@@ -337,52 +405,21 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Export
         }
 
         // Copy files needed for integration
-        const std::vector<fs::path> integration_files_relative_to_root = {
-            {".vcpkg-root"},
-            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "buildsystems" / "msbuild" / "applocal.ps1"},
-            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "buildsystems" / "msbuild" / "vcpkg.targets"},
-            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "buildsystems" / "vcpkg.cmake"},
-            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "cmake" / "vcpkg_get_windows_sdk.cmake"},
-            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "getWindowsSDK.ps1"},
-            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "getProgramFilesPlatformBitness.ps1"},
-            {fs::path{"scripts"} / "getProgramFiles32bit.ps1"},
-        };
-
-        for (const fs::path& file : integration_files_relative_to_root)
-        {
-            const fs::path source = paths.root / file;
-            const fs::path destination = raw_exported_dir_path / file;
-            fs.create_directories(destination.parent_path(), ec);
-            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !ec);
-            fs.copy_file(source, destination, fs::copy_options::overwrite_existing, ec);
-            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !ec);
-        }
+        export_integration_files(raw_exported_dir_path, paths);
 
-        const auto print_next_step_info = [](const fs::path& prefix) {
-            const fs::path cmake_toolchain = prefix / "scripts" / "buildsystems" / "vcpkg.cmake";
-            const CMakeVariable cmake_variable =
-                CMakeVariable(L"CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE", cmake_toolchain.generic_string());
-            System::println("\n"
-                            "To use the exported libraries in CMake projects use:"
-                            "\n"
-                            "    %s"
-                            "\n",
-                            Strings::to_utf8(cmake_variable.s));
-        };
-
-        if (raw)
+        if (opts.raw)
         {
             System::println(
                 System::Color::success, R"(Files exported at: "%s")", raw_exported_dir_path.generic_string());
             print_next_step_info(export_to_path);
         }
 
-        if (nuget)
+        if (opts.nuget)
         {
             System::println("Creating nuget package... ");
 
-            const std::string nuget_id = maybe_nuget_id.value_or(raw_exported_dir_path.filename().string());
-            const std::string nuget_version = maybe_nuget_version.value_or("1.0.0");
+            const std::string nuget_id = opts.maybe_nuget_id.value_or(raw_exported_dir_path.filename().string());
+            const std::string nuget_version = opts.maybe_nuget_version.value_or("1.0.0");
             const fs::path output_path =
                 do_nuget_export(paths, nuget_id, nuget_version, raw_exported_dir_path, export_to_path);
             System::println(System::Color::success, "Creating nuget package... done");
@@ -397,7 +434,7 @@ With a project open, go to Tools->NuGet Package Manager->Package Manager Console
                             output_path.parent_path().u8string());
         }
 
-        if (zip)
+        if (opts.zip)
         {
             System::println("Creating zip archive... ");
             const fs::path output_path =
@@ -407,20 +444,83 @@ With a project open, go to Tools->NuGet Package Manager->Package Manager Console
             print_next_step_info("[...]");
         }
 
-        if (_7zip)
+        if (opts.seven_zip)
         {
             System::println("Creating 7zip archive... ");
             const fs::path output_path =
-                do_archive_export(paths, raw_exported_dir_path, export_to_path, ArchiveFormatC::_7ZIP);
+                do_archive_export(paths, raw_exported_dir_path, export_to_path, ArchiveFormatC::SEVEN_ZIP);
             System::println(System::Color::success, "Creating 7zip archive... done");
             System::println(System::Color::success, "7zip archive exported at: %s", output_path.generic_string());
             print_next_step_info("[...]");
         }
 
-        if (!raw)
+        if (!opts.raw)
         {
             fs.remove_all(raw_exported_dir_path, ec);
         }
+    }
+
+    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
+    {
+        const auto opts = handle_export_command_arguments(args, default_triplet);
+        for (auto&& spec : opts.specs)
+            Input::check_triplet(spec.triplet(), paths);
+
+        // create the plan
+        const StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
+        std::vector<ExportPlanAction> export_plan = Dependencies::create_export_plan(paths, opts.specs, status_db);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !export_plan.empty(), "Export plan cannot be empty");
+
+        std::map<ExportPlanType, std::vector<const ExportPlanAction*>> group_by_plan_type;
+        Util::group_by(export_plan, &group_by_plan_type, [](const ExportPlanAction& p) { return p.plan_type; });
+        print_plan(group_by_plan_type);
+
+        const bool has_non_user_requested_packages =
+            Util::find_if(export_plan, [](const ExportPlanAction& package) -> bool {
+                return package.request_type != RequestType::USER_REQUESTED;
+            }) != export_plan.cend();
+
+        if (has_non_user_requested_packages)
+        {
+            System::println(System::Color::warning,
+                            "Additional packages (*) need to be exported to complete this operation.");
+        }
+
+        const auto it = group_by_plan_type.find(ExportPlanType::PORT_AVAILABLE_BUT_NOT_BUILT);
+        if (it != group_by_plan_type.cend() && !it->second.empty())
+        {
+            System::println(System::Color::error, "There are packages that have not been built.");
+
+            // No need to show all of them, just the user-requested ones. Dependency resolution will handle the rest.
+            std::vector<const ExportPlanAction*> unbuilt = it->second;
+            Util::erase_remove_if(
+                unbuilt, [](const ExportPlanAction* a) { return a->request_type != RequestType::USER_REQUESTED; });
+
+            const auto s = Strings::join(" ", unbuilt, [](const ExportPlanAction* a) { return a->spec.to_string(); });
+            System::println("To build them, run:\n"
+                            "    vcpkg install %s",
+                            s);
+            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+
+        if (opts.dry_run)
+        {
+            Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+
+        std::string export_id = create_export_id();
+
+        if (opts.raw || opts.nuget || opts.zip || opts.seven_zip)
+        {
+            handle_raw_based_export(export_plan, opts, export_id, paths);
+        }
+
+        if (opts.ifw)
+        {
+            IFW::do_export(export_plan, export_id, opts.ifw_options, paths);
+
+            print_next_step_info("@RootDir@/src/vcpkg");
+        }
 
         Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
     }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/globalstate.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/globalstate.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43230fa4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/globalstate.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+
+#include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
+
+namespace vcpkg
+{
+    Util::LockGuarded<Chrono::ElapsedTime> GlobalState::timer;
+    std::atomic<bool> GlobalState::debugging(false);
+    std::atomic<bool> GlobalState::feature_packages(false);
+
+    std::atomic<int> GlobalState::g_init_console_cp(0);
+    std::atomic<int> GlobalState::g_init_console_output_cp(0);
+}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_help.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/help.cpp
index a12f9003d..2a0578211 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_help.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/help.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
 
-namespace vcpkg::Commands::Help
+namespace vcpkg::Help
 {
     void help_topics()
     {
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Help
     void help_topic_valid_triplet(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
     {
         System::println("Available architecture triplets:");
-        for (auto&& path : paths.get_filesystem().get_files_non_recursive(paths.triplets))
+        for (auto&& triplet : paths.get_available_triplets())
         {
-            System::println("  %s", path.stem().filename().string());
+            System::println("  %s", triplet);
         }
     }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Help
             "                                  (default: %%VCPKG_ROOT%%)\n"
             "\n"
             "For more help (including examples) see the accompanying README.md.",
-            Integrate::INTEGRATE_COMMAND_HELPSTRING);
+            Commands::Integrate::INTEGRATE_COMMAND_HELPSTRING);
     }
 
     std::string create_example_string(const std::string& command_and_arguments)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Help
         {
             System::print("Commands:\n"
                           "%s",
-                          Integrate::INTEGRATE_COMMAND_HELPSTRING);
+                          Commands::Integrate::INTEGRATE_COMMAND_HELPSTRING);
         }
         else if (topic == "topics")
         {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Input.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/input.cpp
index 153e6a942..aee0fac7f 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Input.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/input.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/input.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Input
 {
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Input
     {
         const std::string as_lowercase = Strings::ascii_to_lowercase(package_spec_as_string);
         auto expected_spec = FullPackageSpec::from_string(as_lowercase, default_triplet);
-        if (auto spec = expected_spec.get())
+        if (const auto spec = expected_spec.get())
         {
             return PackageSpec{spec->package_spec};
         }
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Input
         {
             System::println(System::Color::error, "Error: invalid triplet: %s", t);
             Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("error", "invalid triplet: " + t.to_string());
-            Commands::Help::help_topic_valid_triplet(paths);
+            Help::help_topic_valid_triplet(paths);
             Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
     }
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Input
     {
         const std::string as_lowercase = Strings::ascii_to_lowercase(full_package_spec_as_string);
         auto expected_spec = FullPackageSpec::from_string(as_lowercase, default_triplet);
-        if (auto spec = expected_spec.get())
+        if (const auto spec = expected_spec.get())
         {
             return *spec;
         }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_install.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/install.cpp
index 8b1eec5eb..adbd8c943 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_install.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/install.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Build.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Dependencies.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_GlobalState.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
-
-namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/build.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>
+#include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/input.h>
+#include <vcpkg/install.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/remove.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
+
+namespace vcpkg::Install
 {
     using namespace Dependencies;
 
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
         auto files = fs.get_files_recursive(source_dir);
         for (auto&& file : files)
         {
-            auto status = fs.status(file, ec);
+            const auto status = fs.status(file, ec);
             if (ec)
             {
                 System::println(System::Color::error, "failed: %s: %s", file.u8string(), ec.message());
@@ -67,9 +70,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
             }
 
             const std::string filename = file.filename().generic_string();
-            if (fs::is_regular_file(status) &&
-                (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_compare(filename.c_str(), "CONTROL") == 0 ||
-                 Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_compare(filename.c_str(), "BUILD_INFO") == 0))
+            if (fs::is_regular_file(status) && (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(filename.c_str(), "CONTROL") ||
+                                                Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(filename.c_str(), "BUILD_INFO")))
             {
                 // Do not copy the control file
                 continue;
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
                 continue;
             }
 
-            output.insert(output.end(), t.files.begin(), t.files.end());
+            Util::Vectors::concatenate(&output, t.files);
         }
 
         std::sort(output.begin(), output.end());
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
             const BinaryControlFile bcf =
                 Paragraphs::try_load_cached_control_package(paths, action.spec).value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
             System::println("Installing package %s... ", display_name_with_features);
-            auto install_result = install_package(paths, bcf, &status_db);
+            const auto install_result = install_package(paths, bcf, &status_db);
             switch (install_result)
             {
                 case InstallResult::SUCCESS:
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
                     System::Color::warning, "Package %s is already built -- not building from HEAD", display_name);
             }
             System::println("Installing package %s... ", display_name);
-            auto install_result = install_package(
+            const auto install_result = install_package(
                 paths, action.any_paragraph.binary_control_file.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO), &status_db);
             switch (install_result)
             {
@@ -442,20 +444,126 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
         }
     }
 
-    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
+    void perform_and_exit_ex(const std::vector<AnyAction>& action_plan,
+                             const Build::BuildPackageOptions& install_plan_options,
+                             const KeepGoing keep_going,
+                             const PrintSummary print_summary,
+                             const VcpkgPaths& paths,
+                             StatusParagraphs& status_db)
     {
-        static const std::string OPTION_DRY_RUN = "--dry-run";
-        static const std::string OPTION_USE_HEAD_VERSION = "--head";
-        static const std::string OPTION_NO_DOWNLOADS = "--no-downloads";
-        static const std::string OPTION_RECURSE = "--recurse";
+        std::vector<BuildResult> results;
+        std::vector<std::string> timing;
+        const auto timer = Chrono::ElapsedTime::create_started();
+        size_t counter = 0;
+        const size_t package_count = action_plan.size();
+
+        for (const auto& action : action_plan)
+        {
+            const auto build_timer = Chrono::ElapsedTime::create_started();
+            counter++;
+
+            const std::string display_name = action.spec().to_string();
+            System::println("Starting package %d/%d: %s", counter, package_count, display_name);
+
+            timing.push_back("0");
+            results.push_back(BuildResult::NULLVALUE);
+
+            if (const auto install_action = action.install_plan.get())
+            {
+                const BuildResult result =
+                    perform_install_plan_action(paths, *install_action, install_plan_options, status_db);
+                if (result != BuildResult::SUCCEEDED && keep_going == KeepGoing::NO)
+                {
+                    System::println(Build::create_user_troubleshooting_message(install_action->spec));
+                    Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+                }
+
+                results.back() = result;
+            }
+            else if (const auto remove_action = action.remove_plan.get())
+            {
+                Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, GlobalState::feature_packages);
+                Remove::perform_remove_plan_action(paths, *remove_action, Remove::Purge::YES, status_db);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+            }
+
+            timing.back() = build_timer.to_string();
+            System::println("Elapsed time for package %s: %s", display_name, build_timer.to_string());
+        }
+
+        System::println("Total time taken: %s", timer.to_string());
+
+        if (print_summary == PrintSummary::YES)
+        {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < results.size(); i++)
+            {
+                System::println("%s: %s: %s", action_plan[i].spec(), Build::to_string(results[i]), timing[i]);
+            }
+
+            std::map<BuildResult, int> summary;
+            for (const BuildResult& v : Build::BUILD_RESULT_VALUES)
+            {
+                summary[v] = 0;
+            }
+
+            for (const BuildResult& r : results)
+            {
+                summary[r]++;
+            }
+
+            System::println("\n\nSUMMARY");
+            for (const std::pair<const BuildResult, int>& entry : summary)
+            {
+                System::println("    %s: %d", Build::to_string(entry.first), entry.second);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+    }
+
+    static const std::string OPTION_DRY_RUN = "--dry-run";
+    static const std::string OPTION_USE_HEAD_VERSION = "--head";
+    static const std::string OPTION_NO_DOWNLOADS = "--no-downloads";
+    static const std::string OPTION_RECURSE = "--recurse";
+    static const std::string OPTION_KEEP_GOING = "--keep-going";
+
+    static const std::array<std::string, 5> INSTALL_SWITCHES = {
+        OPTION_DRY_RUN,
+        OPTION_USE_HEAD_VERSION,
+        OPTION_NO_DOWNLOADS,
+        OPTION_RECURSE,
+        OPTION_KEEP_GOING,
+    };
+    static const std::array<std::string, 0> INSTALL_SETTINGS;
 
+    static std::vector<std::string> valid_arguments(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        auto sources_and_errors = Paragraphs::try_load_all_ports(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.ports);
+
+        return Util::fmap(sources_and_errors.paragraphs,
+                          [](auto&& pgh) -> std::string { return pgh->core_paragraph->name; });
+    }
+
+    const CommandStructure COMMAND_STRUCTURE = {
+        "install zlib zlib:x64-windows curl boost",
+        1,
+        SIZE_MAX,
+        INSTALL_SWITCHES,
+        INSTALL_SETTINGS,
+        &valid_arguments,
+    };
+
+    void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
+    {
         // input sanitization
-        static const std::string example =
-            Commands::Help::create_example_string("install zlib zlib:x64-windows curl boost");
-        args.check_min_arg_count(1, example);
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string("install zlib zlib:x64-windows curl boost");
+        args.check_min_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
 
         const std::vector<FullPackageSpec> specs = Util::fmap(args.command_arguments, [&](auto&& arg) {
-            return Input::check_and_get_full_package_spec(arg, default_triplet, example);
+            return Input::check_and_get_full_package_spec(arg, default_triplet, EXAMPLE);
         });
 
         for (auto&& spec : specs)
@@ -469,11 +577,13 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
         }
 
         const std::unordered_set<std::string> options = args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments(
-            {OPTION_DRY_RUN, OPTION_USE_HEAD_VERSION, OPTION_NO_DOWNLOADS, OPTION_RECURSE});
-        const bool dryRun = options.find(OPTION_DRY_RUN) != options.cend();
+            {OPTION_DRY_RUN, OPTION_USE_HEAD_VERSION, OPTION_NO_DOWNLOADS, OPTION_RECURSE, OPTION_KEEP_GOING});
+        const bool dry_run = options.find(OPTION_DRY_RUN) != options.cend();
         const bool use_head_version = options.find(OPTION_USE_HEAD_VERSION) != options.cend();
         const bool no_downloads = options.find(OPTION_NO_DOWNLOADS) != options.cend();
         const bool is_recursive = options.find(OPTION_RECURSE) != options.cend();
+        const KeepGoing keep_going = to_keep_going(options.find(OPTION_KEEP_GOING) != options.cend());
+        const PrintSummary print_summary = to_print_summary(keep_going == KeepGoing::YES);
 
         // create the plan
         StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
@@ -486,8 +596,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
         if (GlobalState::feature_packages)
         {
             std::unordered_map<std::string, SourceControlFile> scf_map;
-            auto all_ports = Paragraphs::try_load_all_ports(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.ports);
-            for (auto&& port : all_ports.paragraphs)
+            auto all_ports = Paragraphs::load_all_ports(paths.get_filesystem(), paths.ports);
+            for (auto&& port : all_ports)
             {
                 scf_map[port->core_paragraph->name] = std::move(*port);
             }
@@ -519,78 +629,12 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Install
 
         print_plan(action_plan, is_recursive);
 
-        if (dryRun)
+        if (dry_run)
         {
             Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
 
-        // execute the plan
-        if (GlobalState::feature_packages)
-        {
-            for (const auto& action : action_plan)
-            {
-                if (auto install_action = action.install_plan.get())
-                {
-                    const BuildResult result =
-                        perform_install_plan_action(paths, *install_action, install_plan_options, status_db);
-                    if (result != BuildResult::SUCCEEDED)
-                    {
-                        System::println(Build::create_user_troubleshooting_message(install_action->spec));
-                        Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-                    }
-                }
-                else if (auto remove_action = action.remove_plan.get())
-                {
-                    static const std::string OPTION_PURGE = "--purge";
-                    static const std::string OPTION_NO_PURGE = "--no-purge";
-
-                    const bool alsoRemoveFolderFromPackages = options.find(OPTION_NO_PURGE) == options.end();
-                    if (options.find(OPTION_PURGE) != options.end() && !alsoRemoveFolderFromPackages)
-                    {
-                        // User specified --purge and --no-purge
-                        System::println(System::Color::error, "Error: cannot specify both --no-purge and --purge.");
-                        System::print(example);
-                        Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-                    }
-                    const std::string display_name = remove_action->spec.to_string();
-                    switch (remove_action->plan_type)
-                    {
-                        case RemovePlanType::NOT_INSTALLED:
-                            System::println(System::Color::success, "Package %s is not installed", display_name);
-                            break;
-                        case RemovePlanType::REMOVE:
-                            System::println("Removing package %s... ", display_name);
-                            Commands::Remove::remove_package(paths, remove_action->spec, &status_db);
-                            System::println(System::Color::success, "Removing package %s... done", display_name);
-                            break;
-                        case RemovePlanType::UNKNOWN:
-                        default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-                    }
-
-                    if (alsoRemoveFolderFromPackages)
-                    {
-                        System::println("Purging package %s... ", display_name);
-                        Files::Filesystem& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
-                        std::error_code ec;
-                        fs.remove_all(paths.packages / remove_action->spec.dir(), ec);
-                        System::println(System::Color::success, "Purging package %s... done", display_name);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            for (const auto& action : action_plan)
-            {
-                const auto& iaction = action.install_plan.value_or_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-                const BuildResult result = perform_install_plan_action(paths, iaction, install_plan_options, status_db);
-                if (result != BuildResult::SUCCEEDED)
-                {
-                    System::println(Build::create_user_troubleshooting_message(iaction.spec));
-                    Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        perform_and_exit_ex(action_plan, install_plan_options, keep_going, print_summary, paths, status_db);
 
         Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
     }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/metrics.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/metrics.cpp
index 8a7d02a30..8f2575886 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/metrics.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/metrics.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "filesystem_fs.h"
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "version")
+#pragma comment(lib, "winhttp")
 
 namespace vcpkg::Metrics
 {
@@ -16,17 +19,25 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
         std::array<char, 80> date;
         date.fill(0);
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         struct _timeb timebuffer;
 
         _ftime_s(&timebuffer);
         time_t now = timebuffer.time;
-        int milli = timebuffer.millitm;
+        const int milli = timebuffer.millitm;
+
+        const errno_t err = gmtime_s(&newtime, &now);
 
-        errno_t err = gmtime_s(&newtime, &now);
         if (err)
         {
-            return Strings::EMPTY;
+            return "";
         }
+#else
+        time_t now;
+        time(&now);
+        gmtime_r(&now, &newtime);
+        const int milli = 0;
+#endif
 
         strftime(&date[0], date.size(), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", &newtime);
         return std::string(&date[0]) + "." + std::to_string(milli) + "Z";
@@ -34,7 +45,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
 
     static std::string generate_random_UUID()
     {
-        int partSizes[] = {8, 4, 4, 4, 12};
+        int part_sizes[] = {8, 4, 4, 4, 12};
         char uuid[37];
         memset(uuid, 0, sizeof(uuid));
         int num;
@@ -50,7 +61,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
 
             // Generating UUID format version 4
             // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier
-            for (int i = 0; i < partSizes[part]; i++, index++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < part_sizes[part]; i++, index++)
             {
                 if (part == 2 && i == 0)
                 {
@@ -81,8 +92,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
 
     static const std::string& get_session_id()
     {
-        static const std::string id = generate_random_UUID();
-        return id;
+        static const std::string ID = generate_random_UUID();
+        return ID;
     }
 
     static std::string to_json_string(const std::string& str)
@@ -101,11 +112,11 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
             else if (ch < 0x20 || ch >= 0x80)
             {
                 // Note: this treats incoming Strings as Latin-1
-                static constexpr const char hex[16] = {
+                static constexpr const char HEX[16] = {
                     '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
                 encoded.append("\\u00");
-                encoded.push_back(hex[ch / 16]);
-                encoded.push_back(hex[ch % 16]);
+                encoded.push_back(HEX[ch / 16]);
+                encoded.push_back(HEX[ch % 16]);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -118,23 +129,24 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
 
     static std::string get_os_version_string()
     {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         std::wstring path;
         path.resize(MAX_PATH);
-        auto n = GetSystemDirectoryW(&path[0], static_cast<UINT>(path.size()));
+        const auto n = GetSystemDirectoryW(&path[0], static_cast<UINT>(path.size()));
         path.resize(n);
         path += L"\\kernel32.dll";
 
-        auto versz = GetFileVersionInfoSizeW(path.c_str(), nullptr);
-        if (versz == 0) return Strings::EMPTY;
+        const auto versz = GetFileVersionInfoSizeW(path.c_str(), nullptr);
+        if (versz == 0) return "";
 
         std::vector<char> verbuf;
         verbuf.resize(versz);
 
-        if (!GetFileVersionInfoW(path.c_str(), 0, static_cast<DWORD>(verbuf.size()), &verbuf[0])) return Strings::EMPTY;
+        if (!GetFileVersionInfoW(path.c_str(), 0, static_cast<DWORD>(verbuf.size()), &verbuf[0])) return "";
 
         void* rootblock;
         UINT rootblocksize;
-        if (!VerQueryValueW(&verbuf[0], L"\\", &rootblock, &rootblocksize)) return Strings::EMPTY;
+        if (!VerQueryValueW(&verbuf[0], L"\\", &rootblock, &rootblocksize)) return "";
 
         auto rootblock_ffi = static_cast<VS_FIXEDFILEINFO*>(rootblock);
 
@@ -142,6 +154,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
                                static_cast<int>(HIWORD(rootblock_ffi->dwProductVersionMS)),
                                static_cast<int>(LOWORD(rootblock_ffi->dwProductVersionMS)),
                                static_cast<int>(HIWORD(rootblock_ffi->dwProductVersionLS)));
+#else
+        return "unknown";
+#endif
     }
 
     struct MetricMessage
@@ -152,7 +167,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
         std::string properties;
         std::string measurements;
 
-        void TrackProperty(const std::string& name, const std::string& value)
+        void track_property(const std::string& name, const std::string& value)
         {
             if (properties.size() != 0) properties.push_back(',');
             properties.append(to_json_string(name));
@@ -160,7 +175,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
             properties.append(to_json_string(value));
         }
 
-        void TrackMetric(const std::string& name, double value)
+        void track_metric(const std::string& name, double value)
         {
             if (measurements.size() != 0) measurements.push_back(',');
             measurements.append(to_json_string(name));
@@ -218,11 +233,15 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
 
     bool get_compiled_metrics_enabled() { return DISABLE_METRICS == 0; }
 
-    std::wstring get_SQM_user()
+    std::string get_SQM_user()
     {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
         auto hkcu_sqmclient =
-            System::get_registry_string(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, LR"(Software\Microsoft\SQMClient)", L"UserId");
-        return hkcu_sqmclient.value_or(L"{}");
+            System::get_registry_string(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, R"(Software\Microsoft\SQMClient)", "UserId");
+        return hkcu_sqmclient.value_or("{}");
+#else
+        return "{}";
+#endif
     }
 
     void Metrics::set_user_information(const std::string& user_id, const std::string& first_use_time)
@@ -241,95 +260,85 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
 
     void Metrics::set_print_metrics(bool should_print_metrics) { g_should_print_metrics = should_print_metrics; }
 
-    void Metrics::track_metric(const std::string& name, double value) { g_metricmessage.TrackMetric(name, value); }
-
-    void Metrics::track_property(const std::string& name, const std::wstring& value)
-    {
-        // Note: this is not valid UTF-16 -> UTF-8, it just yields a close enough approximation for our purposes.
-        std::string converted_value;
-        converted_value.resize(value.size());
-        std::transform(
-            value.begin(), value.end(), converted_value.begin(), [](wchar_t ch) { return static_cast<char>(ch); });
-
-        g_metricmessage.TrackProperty(name, converted_value);
-    }
+    void Metrics::track_metric(const std::string& name, double value) { g_metricmessage.track_metric(name, value); }
 
     void Metrics::track_property(const std::string& name, const std::string& value)
     {
-        g_metricmessage.TrackProperty(name, value);
+        g_metricmessage.track_property(name, value);
     }
 
     void Metrics::upload(const std::string& payload)
     {
-        HINTERNET hSession = nullptr, hConnect = nullptr, hRequest = nullptr;
-        BOOL bResults = FALSE;
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        HINTERNET connect = nullptr, request = nullptr;
+        BOOL results = FALSE;
 
-        hSession = WinHttpOpen(
+        const HINTERNET session = WinHttpOpen(
             L"vcpkg/1.0", WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_DEFAULT_PROXY, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_NAME, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_BYPASS, 0);
-        if (hSession)
-            hConnect = WinHttpConnect(hSession, L"dc.services.visualstudio.com", INTERNET_DEFAULT_HTTPS_PORT, 0);
-
-        if (hConnect)
-            hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest(hConnect,
-                                          L"POST",
-                                          L"/v2/track",
-                                          nullptr,
-                                          WINHTTP_NO_REFERER,
-                                          WINHTTP_DEFAULT_ACCEPT_TYPES,
-                                          WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE);
-
-        if (hRequest)
+        if (session) connect = WinHttpConnect(session, L"dc.services.visualstudio.com", INTERNET_DEFAULT_HTTPS_PORT, 0);
+
+        if (connect)
+            request = WinHttpOpenRequest(connect,
+                                         L"POST",
+                                         L"/v2/track",
+                                         nullptr,
+                                         WINHTTP_NO_REFERER,
+                                         WINHTTP_DEFAULT_ACCEPT_TYPES,
+                                         WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE);
+
+        if (request)
         {
             if (MAXDWORD <= payload.size()) abort();
             std::wstring hdrs = L"Content-Type: application/json\r\n";
-            bResults = WinHttpSendRequest(hRequest,
-                                          hdrs.c_str(),
-                                          static_cast<DWORD>(hdrs.size()),
-                                          (void*)&payload[0],
-                                          static_cast<DWORD>(payload.size()),
-                                          static_cast<DWORD>(payload.size()),
-                                          0);
+            std::string& p = const_cast<std::string&>(payload);
+            results = WinHttpSendRequest(request,
+                                         hdrs.c_str(),
+                                         static_cast<DWORD>(hdrs.size()),
+                                         static_cast<void*>(&p[0]),
+                                         static_cast<DWORD>(payload.size()),
+                                         static_cast<DWORD>(payload.size()),
+                                         0);
         }
 
-        if (bResults)
+        if (results)
         {
-            bResults = WinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest, nullptr);
+            results = WinHttpReceiveResponse(request, nullptr);
         }
 
         DWORD http_code = 0, junk = sizeof(DWORD);
 
-        if (bResults)
+        if (results)
         {
-            bResults = WinHttpQueryHeaders(hRequest,
-                                           WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE | WINHTTP_QUERY_FLAG_NUMBER,
-                                           nullptr,
-                                           &http_code,
-                                           &junk,
-                                           WINHTTP_NO_HEADER_INDEX);
+            results = WinHttpQueryHeaders(request,
+                                          WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE | WINHTTP_QUERY_FLAG_NUMBER,
+                                          nullptr,
+                                          &http_code,
+                                          &junk,
+                                          WINHTTP_NO_HEADER_INDEX);
         }
 
-        std::vector<char> responseBuffer;
-        if (bResults)
+        std::vector<char> response_buffer;
+        if (results)
         {
-            DWORD availableData = 0, readData = 0, totalData = 0;
-            while ((bResults = WinHttpQueryDataAvailable(hRequest, &availableData)) == TRUE && availableData > 0)
+            DWORD available_data = 0, read_data = 0, total_data = 0;
+            while ((results = WinHttpQueryDataAvailable(request, &available_data)) == TRUE && available_data > 0)
             {
-                responseBuffer.resize(responseBuffer.size() + availableData);
+                response_buffer.resize(response_buffer.size() + available_data);
 
-                bResults = WinHttpReadData(hRequest, &responseBuffer.data()[totalData], availableData, &readData);
+                results = WinHttpReadData(request, &response_buffer.data()[total_data], available_data, &read_data);
 
-                if (!bResults)
+                if (!results)
                 {
                     break;
                 }
 
-                totalData += readData;
+                total_data += read_data;
 
-                responseBuffer.resize(totalData);
+                response_buffer.resize(total_data);
             }
         }
 
-        if (!bResults)
+        if (!results)
         {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
             __debugbreak();
@@ -338,22 +347,16 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
 #endif
         }
 
-        if (hRequest) WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest);
-        if (hConnect) WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
-        if (hSession) WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
-    }
-
-    static fs::path get_bindir()
-    {
-        wchar_t buf[_MAX_PATH];
-        int bytes = GetModuleFileNameW(nullptr, buf, _MAX_PATH);
-        if (bytes == 0) std::abort();
-        return fs::path(buf, buf + bytes);
+        if (request) WinHttpCloseHandle(request);
+        if (connect) WinHttpCloseHandle(connect);
+        if (session) WinHttpCloseHandle(session);
+#endif
     }
 
     void Metrics::flush()
     {
-        std::string payload = g_metricmessage.format_event_data_template();
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        const std::string payload = g_metricmessage.format_event_data_template();
         if (g_should_print_metrics) std::cerr << payload << "\n";
         if (!g_should_send_metrics) return;
 
@@ -370,14 +373,14 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
         if (true)
         {
             const fs::path exe_path = [&fs]() -> fs::path {
-                auto vcpkgdir = get_bindir().parent_path();
+                auto vcpkgdir = System::get_exe_path_of_current_process().parent_path();
                 auto path = vcpkgdir / "vcpkgmetricsuploader.exe";
                 if (fs.exists(path)) return path;
 
                 path = vcpkgdir / "scripts" / "vcpkgmetricsuploader.exe";
                 if (fs.exists(path)) return path;
 
-                return Strings::WEMPTY;
+                return "";
             }();
 
             std::error_code ec;
@@ -388,8 +391,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::Metrics
         const fs::path vcpkg_metrics_txt_path = temp_folder_path / ("vcpkg" + generate_random_UUID() + ".txt");
         fs.write_contents(vcpkg_metrics_txt_path, payload);
 
-        const std::wstring cmdLine =
-            Strings::wformat(L"start %s %s", temp_folder_path_exe.native(), vcpkg_metrics_txt_path.native());
-        System::cmd_execute_clean(cmdLine);
+        const std::string cmd_line =
+            Strings::format("start %s %s", temp_folder_path_exe.u8string(), vcpkg_metrics_txt_path.u8string());
+        System::cmd_execute_clean(cmd_line);
+#endif
     }
 }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/PackageSpec.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/packagespec.cpp
index 890de8899..6e40d70f5 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/PackageSpec.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/packagespec.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "PackageSpec.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Parse.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/packagespec.h>
+#include <vcpkg/parse.h>
 
 using vcpkg::Parse::parse_comma_list;
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
                 for (auto&& feature : spec->features)
                     f_specs.push_back(FeatureSpec{pspec, feature});
 
-                if (spec->features.empty()) f_specs.push_back(FeatureSpec{pspec, Strings::EMPTY});
+                if (spec->features.empty()) f_specs.push_back(FeatureSpec{pspec, ""});
             }
             else
             {
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
         std::vector<FeatureSpec> ret;
         for (auto&& spec : specs)
         {
-            ret.emplace_back(spec.package_spec, Strings::EMPTY);
+            ret.emplace_back(spec.package_spec, "");
             for (auto&& feature : spec.features)
                 ret.emplace_back(spec.package_spec, feature);
         }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/PackageSpecParseResult.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/packagespecparseresult.cpp
index 838c788ba..b12bd12d0 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/PackageSpecParseResult.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/packagespecparseresult.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "PackageSpecParseResult.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
+#include <vcpkg/packagespecparseresult.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/ParagraphParseResult.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/paragraphparseresult.cpp
index 5c8c1d59d..920a4b16b 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/ParagraphParseResult.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/paragraphparseresult.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "ParagraphParseResult.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphparseresult.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/Paragraphs.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/paragraphs.cpp
index a7dee4fd3..b93de190c 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/Paragraphs.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/paragraphs.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "ParagraphParseResult.h"
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_GlobalState.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphparseresult.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
 
 using namespace vcpkg::Parse;
 
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Paragraphs
         for (auto&& path : fs.get_files_non_recursive(ports_dir))
         {
             auto maybe_spgh = try_load_port(fs, path);
-            if (auto spgh = maybe_spgh.get())
+            if (const auto spgh = maybe_spgh.get())
             {
                 ret.paragraphs.emplace_back(std::move(*spgh));
             }
@@ -272,8 +272,20 @@ namespace vcpkg::Paragraphs
         auto results = try_load_all_ports(fs, ports_dir);
         if (!results.errors.empty())
         {
-            print_error_message(results.errors);
-            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+            if (GlobalState::debugging)
+            {
+                print_error_message(results.errors);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (auto&& error : results.errors)
+                {
+                    System::println(
+                        System::Color::warning, "Warning: an error occurred while parsing '%s'", error->name);
+                }
+                System::println(System::Color::warning,
+                                "Use '--debug' to get more information about the parse failures.\n");
+            }
         }
         return std::move(results.paragraphs);
     }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Parse.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/parse.cpp
index b54f7360b..c2670f561 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Parse.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/parse.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Maps.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Parse.h"
+#include <vcpkg/parse.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::Parse
 {
@@ -23,14 +24,14 @@ namespace vcpkg::Parse
     void ParagraphParser::required_field(const std::string& fieldname, std::string& out)
     {
         auto maybe_field = remove_field(&fields, fieldname);
-        if (auto field = maybe_field.get())
+        if (const auto field = maybe_field.get())
             out = std::move(*field);
         else
             missing_fields.push_back(fieldname);
     }
-    std::string ParagraphParser::optional_field(const std::string& fieldname)
+    std::string ParagraphParser::optional_field(const std::string& fieldname) const
     {
-        return remove_field(&fields, fieldname).value_or(Strings::EMPTY);
+        return remove_field(&fields, fieldname).value_or("");
     }
     std::unique_ptr<ParseControlErrorInfo> ParagraphParser::error_info(const std::string& name) const
     {
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Parse
         {
             auto err = std::make_unique<ParseControlErrorInfo>();
             err->name = name;
-            err->extra_fields = Maps::extract_keys(fields);
+            err->extra_fields = Util::extract_keys(fields);
             err->missing_fields = std::move(missing_fields);
             return err;
         }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/PostBuildLint_BuildType.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/postbuildlint.buildtype.cpp
index 649f0ccca..2baaddb5e 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/PostBuildLint_BuildType.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/postbuildlint.buildtype.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "PostBuildLint_BuildType.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/postbuildlint.buildtype.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
 {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/PostBuildLint.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/postbuildlint.cpp
index 473c81cfa..0063f8d98 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/PostBuildLint.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/postbuildlint.cpp
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "PackageSpec.h"
-#include "PostBuildLint.h"
-#include "PostBuildLint_BuildType.h"
-#include "VcpkgPaths.h"
-#include "coff_file_reader.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Build.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/cofffilereader.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/build.h>
+#include <vcpkg/packagespec.h>
+#include <vcpkg/postbuildlint.buildtype.h>
+#include <vcpkg/postbuildlint.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.h>
 
 using vcpkg::Build::BuildInfo;
 using vcpkg::Build::BuildPolicy;
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
         }
     };
 
-    const std::vector<OutdatedDynamicCrt>& get_outdated_dynamic_crts()
+    Span<const OutdatedDynamicCrt> get_outdated_dynamic_crts(CStringView toolset)
     {
-        static const std::vector<OutdatedDynamicCrt> v_no_msvcrt = {
+        static const std::vector<OutdatedDynamicCrt> V_NO_MSVCRT = {
             {"msvcp100.dll", R"(msvcp100\.dll)"},
             {"msvcp100d.dll", R"(msvcp100d\.dll)"},
             {"msvcp110.dll", R"(msvcp110\.dll)"},
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
             {"msvcrt20.dll", R"(msvcrt20\.dll)"},
             {"msvcrt40.dll", R"(msvcrt40\.dll)"}};
 
-        return v_no_msvcrt;
+        return V_NO_MSVCRT;
     }
 
     static LintStatus check_for_files_in_include_directory(const Files::Filesystem& fs,
@@ -284,13 +284,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
         std::vector<fs::path> dlls_with_no_exports;
         for (const fs::path& dll : dlls)
         {
-            const std::wstring cmd_line =
-                Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" /exports "%s")", dumpbin_exe.native(), dll.native());
+            const std::string cmd_line =
+                Strings::format(R"("%s" /exports "%s")", dumpbin_exe.u8string(), dll.u8string());
             System::ExitCodeAndOutput ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd_line);
-            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                               ec_data.exit_code == 0,
-                               "Running command:\n   %s\n failed",
-                               Strings::to_utf8(cmd_line));
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0, "Running command:\n   %s\n failed", cmd_line);
 
             if (ec_data.output.find("ordinal hint RVA      name") == std::string::npos)
             {
@@ -321,13 +318,10 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
         std::vector<fs::path> dlls_with_improper_uwp_bit;
         for (const fs::path& dll : dlls)
         {
-            const std::wstring cmd_line =
-                Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" /headers "%s")", dumpbin_exe.native(), dll.native());
+            const std::string cmd_line =
+                Strings::format(R"("%s" /headers "%s")", dumpbin_exe.u8string(), dll.u8string());
             System::ExitCodeAndOutput ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd_line);
-            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                               ec_data.exit_code == 0,
-                               "Running command:\n   %s\n failed",
-                               Strings::to_utf8(cmd_line));
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0, "Running command:\n   %s\n failed", cmd_line);
 
             if (ec_data.output.find("App Container") == std::string::npos)
             {
@@ -361,6 +355,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
             case MachineType::I386: return "x86";
             case MachineType::ARM:
             case MachineType::ARMNT: return "arm";
+            case MachineType::ARM64: return "arm64";
             default: return "Machine Type Code = " + std::to_string(static_cast<uint16_t>(machine_type));
         }
     }
@@ -389,7 +384,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
                                file.extension() == ".dll",
                                "The file extension was not .dll: %s",
                                file.generic_string());
-            COFFFileReader::DllInfo info = COFFFileReader::read_dll(file);
+            const CoffFileReader::DllInfo info = CoffFileReader::read_dll(file);
             const std::string actual_architecture = get_actual_architecture(info.machine_type);
 
             if (expected_architecture != actual_architecture)
@@ -418,7 +413,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
                                file.extension() == ".lib",
                                "The file extension was not .lib: %s",
                                file.generic_string());
-            COFFFileReader::LibInfo info = COFFFileReader::read_lib(file);
+            CoffFileReader::LibInfo info = CoffFileReader::read_lib(file);
 
             // This is zero for folly's debug library
             // TODO: Why?
@@ -580,7 +575,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
         return LintStatus::SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    struct BuildType_and_file
+    struct BuildTypeAndFile
     {
         fs::path file;
         BuildType build_type;
@@ -594,17 +589,14 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
         bad_build_types.erase(std::remove(bad_build_types.begin(), bad_build_types.end(), expected_build_type),
                               bad_build_types.end());
 
-        std::vector<BuildType_and_file> libs_with_invalid_crt;
+        std::vector<BuildTypeAndFile> libs_with_invalid_crt;
 
         for (const fs::path& lib : libs)
         {
-            const std::wstring cmd_line =
-                Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" /directives "%s")", dumpbin_exe.native(), lib.native());
+            const std::string cmd_line =
+                Strings::format(R"("%s" /directives "%s")", dumpbin_exe.u8string(), lib.u8string());
             System::ExitCodeAndOutput ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd_line);
-            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                               ec_data.exit_code == 0,
-                               "Running command:\n   %s\n failed",
-                               Strings::to_utf8(cmd_line));
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0, "Running command:\n   %s\n failed", cmd_line);
 
             for (const BuildType& bad_build_type : bad_build_types)
             {
@@ -622,7 +614,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
                             "Expected %s crt linkage, but the following libs had invalid crt linkage:",
                             expected_build_type.to_string());
             System::println();
-            for (const BuildType_and_file btf : libs_with_invalid_crt)
+            for (const BuildTypeAndFile btf : libs_with_invalid_crt)
             {
                 System::println("    %s: %s", btf.file.generic_string(), btf.build_type.to_string());
             }
@@ -636,12 +628,12 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
         return LintStatus::SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    struct OutdatedDynamicCrt_and_file
+    struct OutdatedDynamicCrtAndFile
     {
         fs::path file;
         OutdatedDynamicCrt outdated_crt;
 
-        OutdatedDynamicCrt_and_file() = delete;
+        OutdatedDynamicCrtAndFile() = delete;
     };
 
     static LintStatus check_outdated_crt_linkage_of_dlls(const std::vector<fs::path>& dlls,
@@ -650,19 +642,15 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
     {
         if (build_info.policies.is_enabled(BuildPolicy::ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT)) return LintStatus::SUCCESS;
 
-        std::vector<OutdatedDynamicCrt_and_file> dlls_with_outdated_crt;
+        std::vector<OutdatedDynamicCrtAndFile> dlls_with_outdated_crt;
 
         for (const fs::path& dll : dlls)
         {
-            const std::wstring cmd_line =
-                Strings::wformat(LR"("%s" /dependents "%s")", dumpbin_exe.native(), dll.native());
+            const auto cmd_line = Strings::format(R"("%s" /dependents "%s")", dumpbin_exe.u8string(), dll.u8string());
             System::ExitCodeAndOutput ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd_line);
-            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
-                               ec_data.exit_code == 0,
-                               "Running command:\n   %s\n failed",
-                               Strings::to_utf8(cmd_line));
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0, "Running command:\n   %s\n failed", cmd_line);
 
-            for (const OutdatedDynamicCrt& outdated_crt : get_outdated_dynamic_crts())
+            for (const OutdatedDynamicCrt& outdated_crt : get_outdated_dynamic_crts("v141"))
             {
                 if (std::regex_search(ec_data.output.cbegin(), ec_data.output.cend(), outdated_crt.regex))
                 {
@@ -676,7 +664,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
         {
             System::println(System::Color::warning, "Detected outdated dynamic CRT in the following files:");
             System::println();
-            for (const OutdatedDynamicCrt_and_file btf : dlls_with_outdated_crt)
+            for (const OutdatedDynamicCrtAndFile btf : dlls_with_outdated_crt)
             {
                 System::println("    %s: %s", btf.file.generic_string(), btf.outdated_crt.name);
             }
@@ -695,8 +683,8 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
         std::vector<fs::path> misplaced_files = fs.get_files_non_recursive(dir);
         Util::unstable_keep_if(misplaced_files, [&fs](const fs::path& path) {
             const std::string filename = path.filename().generic_string();
-            if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_compare(filename.c_str(), "CONTROL") == 0 ||
-                Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_compare(filename.c_str(), "BUILD_INFO") == 0)
+            if (Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(filename.c_str(), "CONTROL") ||
+                Strings::case_insensitive_ascii_equals(filename.c_str(), "BUILD_INFO"))
                 return false;
             return !fs.is_directory(path);
         });
@@ -722,7 +710,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::PostBuildLint
         const auto& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
 
         // for dumpbin
-        const Toolset& toolset = paths.get_toolset(pre_build_info.platform_toolset);
+        const Toolset& toolset = paths.get_toolset(pre_build_info.platform_toolset, pre_build_info.visual_studio_path);
         const fs::path package_dir = paths.package_dir(spec);
 
         size_t error_count = 0;
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_remove.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/remove.cpp
index cca541c85..2ec32855a 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_remove.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/remove.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Dependencies.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Input.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
-
-namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/dependencies.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/input.h>
+#include <vcpkg/remove.h>
+#include <vcpkg/update.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
+
+namespace vcpkg::Remove
 {
     using Dependencies::RemovePlanAction;
     using Dependencies::RemovePlanType;
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
     {
         auto& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
         auto spghs = status_db->find_all(spec.name(), spec.triplet());
-        auto core_pkg = **status_db->find(spec.name(), spec.triplet(), Strings::EMPTY);
+        const auto core_pkg = **status_db->find(spec.name(), spec.triplet(), "");
 
         for (auto&& spgh : spghs)
         {
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
 
         auto maybe_lines = fs.read_lines(paths.listfile_path(core_pkg.package));
 
-        if (auto lines = maybe_lines.get())
+        if (const auto lines = maybe_lines.get())
         {
             std::vector<fs::path> dirs_touched;
             for (auto&& suffix : *lines)
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
 
                 auto target = paths.installed / suffix;
 
-                auto status = fs.status(target, ec);
+                const auto status = fs.status(target, ec);
                 if (ec)
                 {
                     System::println(System::Color::error, "failed: %s", ec.message());
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
             }
 
             auto b = dirs_touched.rbegin();
-            auto e = dirs_touched.rend();
+            const auto e = dirs_touched.rend();
             for (; b != e; ++b)
             {
                 if (fs.is_empty(*b))
@@ -100,11 +103,11 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
 
     static void print_plan(const std::map<RemovePlanType, std::vector<const RemovePlanAction*>>& group_by_plan_type)
     {
-        static constexpr std::array<RemovePlanType, 2> order = {RemovePlanType::NOT_INSTALLED, RemovePlanType::REMOVE};
+        static constexpr std::array<RemovePlanType, 2> ORDER = {RemovePlanType::NOT_INSTALLED, RemovePlanType::REMOVE};
 
-        for (const RemovePlanType plan_type : order)
+        for (const RemovePlanType plan_type : ORDER)
         {
-            auto it = group_by_plan_type.find(plan_type);
+            const auto it = group_by_plan_type.find(plan_type);
             if (it == group_by_plan_type.cend())
             {
                 continue;
@@ -129,15 +132,72 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
         }
     }
 
+    void perform_remove_plan_action(const VcpkgPaths& paths,
+                                    const RemovePlanAction& action,
+                                    const Purge purge,
+                                    StatusParagraphs& status_db)
+    {
+        const std::string display_name = action.spec.to_string();
+
+        switch (action.plan_type)
+        {
+            case RemovePlanType::NOT_INSTALLED:
+                System::println(System::Color::success, "Package %s is not installed", display_name);
+                break;
+            case RemovePlanType::REMOVE:
+                System::println("Removing package %s... ", display_name);
+                remove_package(paths, action.spec, &status_db);
+                System::println(System::Color::success, "Removing package %s... done", display_name);
+                break;
+            case RemovePlanType::UNKNOWN:
+            default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+
+        if (purge == Purge::YES)
+        {
+            System::println("Purging package %s... ", display_name);
+            Files::Filesystem& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
+            std::error_code ec;
+            fs.remove_all(paths.packages / action.spec.dir(), ec);
+            System::println(System::Color::success, "Purging package %s... done", display_name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static const std::string OPTION_PURGE = "--purge";
+    static const std::string OPTION_NO_PURGE = "--no-purge";
+    static const std::string OPTION_RECURSE = "--recurse";
+    static const std::string OPTION_DRY_RUN = "--dry-run";
+    static const std::string OPTION_OUTDATED = "--outdated";
+
+    static const std::array<std::string, 5> REMOVE_SWITCHES = {
+        OPTION_PURGE,
+        OPTION_NO_PURGE,
+        OPTION_RECURSE,
+        OPTION_DRY_RUN,
+        OPTION_OUTDATED,
+    };
+    static const std::array<std::string, 0> REMOVE_SETTINGS;
+
+    static std::vector<std::string> valid_arguments(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        const StatusParagraphs status_db = database_load_check(paths);
+        const std::vector<StatusParagraph*> installed_packages = get_installed_ports(status_db);
+
+        return Util::fmap(installed_packages, [](auto&& pgh) -> std::string { return pgh->package.spec.to_string(); });
+    }
+
+    const CommandStructure COMMAND_STRUCTURE = {
+        "remove zlib zlib:x64-windows curl boost",
+        1,
+        SIZE_MAX,
+        REMOVE_SWITCHES,
+        REMOVE_SETTINGS,
+        &valid_arguments,
+    };
+
     void perform_and_exit(const VcpkgCmdArguments& args, const VcpkgPaths& paths, const Triplet& default_triplet)
     {
-        static const std::string OPTION_PURGE = "--purge";
-        static const std::string OPTION_NO_PURGE = "--no-purge";
-        static const std::string OPTION_RECURSE = "--recurse";
-        static const std::string OPTION_DRY_RUN = "--dry-run";
-        static const std::string OPTION_OUTDATED = "--outdated";
-        static const std::string example =
-            Commands::Help::create_example_string("remove zlib zlib:x64-windows curl boost");
+        static const std::string EXAMPLE = Help::create_example_string("remove zlib zlib:x64-windows curl boost");
         const std::unordered_set<std::string> options = args.check_and_get_optional_command_arguments(
             {OPTION_PURGE, OPTION_NO_PURGE, OPTION_RECURSE, OPTION_DRY_RUN, OPTION_OUTDATED});
 
@@ -145,7 +205,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
         std::vector<PackageSpec> specs;
         if (options.find(OPTION_OUTDATED) != options.cend())
         {
-            args.check_exact_arg_count(0, example);
+            args.check_exact_arg_count(0, EXAMPLE);
             specs = Util::fmap(Update::find_outdated_packages(paths, status_db),
                                [](auto&& outdated) { return outdated.spec; });
 
@@ -157,25 +217,26 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
         }
         else
         {
-            args.check_min_arg_count(1, example);
+            args.check_min_arg_count(1, EXAMPLE);
             specs = Util::fmap(args.command_arguments, [&](auto&& arg) {
-                return Input::check_and_get_package_spec(arg, default_triplet, example);
+                return Input::check_and_get_package_spec(arg, default_triplet, EXAMPLE);
             });
 
             for (auto&& spec : specs)
                 Input::check_triplet(spec.triplet(), paths);
         }
 
-        const bool alsoRemoveFolderFromPackages = options.find(OPTION_NO_PURGE) == options.end();
-        if (options.find(OPTION_PURGE) != options.end() && !alsoRemoveFolderFromPackages)
+        const bool no_purge_was_passed = options.find(OPTION_NO_PURGE) != options.end();
+        const bool purge_was_passed = options.find(OPTION_PURGE) != options.end();
+        if (purge_was_passed && no_purge_was_passed)
         {
-            // User specified --purge and --no-purge
             System::println(System::Color::error, "Error: cannot specify both --no-purge and --purge.");
-            System::print(example);
+            System::print(EXAMPLE);
             Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
-        const bool isRecursive = options.find(OPTION_RECURSE) != options.cend();
-        const bool dryRun = options.find(OPTION_DRY_RUN) != options.cend();
+        const Purge purge = to_purge(purge_was_passed || !no_purge_was_passed);
+        const bool is_recursive = options.find(OPTION_RECURSE) != options.cend();
+        const bool dry_run = options.find(OPTION_DRY_RUN) != options.cend();
 
         const std::vector<RemovePlanAction> remove_plan = Dependencies::create_remove_plan(specs, status_db);
         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !remove_plan.empty(), "Remove plan cannot be empty");
@@ -194,7 +255,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
             System::println(System::Color::warning,
                             "Additional packages (*) need to be removed to complete this operation.");
 
-            if (!isRecursive)
+            if (!is_recursive)
             {
                 System::println(System::Color::warning,
                                 "If you are sure you want to remove them, run the command with the --recurse option");
@@ -202,37 +263,14 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Remove
             }
         }
 
-        if (dryRun)
+        if (dry_run)
         {
             Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
 
         for (const RemovePlanAction& action : remove_plan)
         {
-            const std::string display_name = action.spec.to_string();
-
-            switch (action.plan_type)
-            {
-                case RemovePlanType::NOT_INSTALLED:
-                    System::println(System::Color::success, "Package %s is not installed", display_name);
-                    break;
-                case RemovePlanType::REMOVE:
-                    System::println("Removing package %s... ", display_name);
-                    remove_package(paths, action.spec, &status_db);
-                    System::println(System::Color::success, "Removing package %s... done", display_name);
-                    break;
-                case RemovePlanType::UNKNOWN:
-                default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-            }
-
-            if (alsoRemoveFolderFromPackages)
-            {
-                System::println("Purging package %s... ", display_name);
-                Files::Filesystem& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
-                std::error_code ec;
-                fs.remove_all(paths.packages / action.spec.dir(), ec);
-                System::println(System::Color::success, "Purging package %s... done", display_name);
-            }
+            perform_remove_plan_action(paths, action, purge, status_db);
         }
 
         Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/SourceParagraph.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/sourceparagraph.cpp
index 50d6ecf07..2a9480538 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/SourceParagraph.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/sourceparagraph.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "PackageSpec.h"
-#include "SourceParagraph.h"
-#include "Triplet.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Maps.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-#include "vcpkg_expected.h"
+#include <vcpkg/packagespec.h>
+#include <vcpkg/sourceparagraph.h>
+#include <vcpkg/triplet.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/expected.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
     using namespace vcpkg::Parse;
 
-    namespace Fields
+    namespace SourceParagraphFields
     {
         static const std::string BUILD_DEPENDS = "Build-Depends";
         static const std::string DEFAULTFEATURES = "Default-Features";
@@ -25,20 +25,20 @@ namespace vcpkg
         static const std::string VERSION = "Version";
     }
 
-    static span<const std::string> get_list_of_valid_fields()
+    static Span<const std::string> get_list_of_valid_fields()
     {
         static const std::string valid_fields[] = {
-            Fields::SOURCE,
-            Fields::VERSION,
-            Fields::DESCRIPTION,
-            Fields::MAINTAINER,
-            Fields::BUILD_DEPENDS,
+            SourceParagraphFields::SOURCE,
+            SourceParagraphFields::VERSION,
+            SourceParagraphFields::DESCRIPTION,
+            SourceParagraphFields::MAINTAINER,
+            SourceParagraphFields::BUILD_DEPENDS,
         };
 
         return valid_fields;
     }
 
-    void print_error_message(span<const std::unique_ptr<Parse::ParseControlErrorInfo>> error_info_list)
+    void print_error_message(Span<const std::unique_ptr<Parse::ParseControlErrorInfo>> error_info_list)
     {
         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, error_info_list.size() > 0);
 
@@ -92,14 +92,15 @@ namespace vcpkg
 
         auto spgh = std::make_unique<SourceParagraph>();
 
-        parser.required_field(Fields::SOURCE, spgh->name);
-        parser.required_field(Fields::VERSION, spgh->version);
+        parser.required_field(SourceParagraphFields::SOURCE, spgh->name);
+        parser.required_field(SourceParagraphFields::VERSION, spgh->version);
 
-        spgh->description = parser.optional_field(Fields::DESCRIPTION);
-        spgh->maintainer = parser.optional_field(Fields::MAINTAINER);
-        spgh->depends = expand_qualified_dependencies(parse_comma_list(parser.optional_field(Fields::BUILD_DEPENDS)));
-        spgh->supports = parse_comma_list(parser.optional_field(Fields::SUPPORTS));
-        spgh->default_features = parse_comma_list(parser.optional_field(Fields::DEFAULTFEATURES));
+        spgh->description = parser.optional_field(SourceParagraphFields::DESCRIPTION);
+        spgh->maintainer = parser.optional_field(SourceParagraphFields::MAINTAINER);
+        spgh->depends = expand_qualified_dependencies(
+            parse_comma_list(parser.optional_field(SourceParagraphFields::BUILD_DEPENDS)));
+        spgh->supports = parse_comma_list(parser.optional_field(SourceParagraphFields::SUPPORTS));
+        spgh->default_features = parse_comma_list(parser.optional_field(SourceParagraphFields::DEFAULTFEATURES));
 
         auto err = parser.error_info(spgh->name);
         if (err)
@@ -114,10 +115,11 @@ namespace vcpkg
 
         auto fpgh = std::make_unique<FeatureParagraph>();
 
-        parser.required_field(Fields::FEATURE, fpgh->name);
-        parser.required_field(Fields::DESCRIPTION, fpgh->description);
+        parser.required_field(SourceParagraphFields::FEATURE, fpgh->name);
+        parser.required_field(SourceParagraphFields::DESCRIPTION, fpgh->description);
 
-        fpgh->depends = expand_qualified_dependencies(parse_comma_list(parser.optional_field(Fields::BUILD_DEPENDS)));
+        fpgh->depends = expand_qualified_dependencies(
+            parse_comma_list(parser.optional_field(SourceParagraphFields::BUILD_DEPENDS)));
 
         auto err = parser.error_info(fpgh->name);
         if (err)
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
         auto control_file = std::make_unique<SourceControlFile>();
 
         auto maybe_source = parse_source_paragraph(std::move(control_paragraphs.front()));
-        if (auto source = maybe_source.get())
+        if (const auto source = maybe_source.get())
             control_file->core_paragraph = std::move(*source);
         else
             return std::move(maybe_source).error();
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
         for (auto&& feature_pgh : control_paragraphs)
         {
             auto maybe_feature = parse_feature_paragraph(std::move(feature_pgh));
-            if (auto feature = maybe_feature.get())
+            if (const auto feature = maybe_feature.get())
                 control_file->feature_paragraphs.emplace_back(std::move(*feature));
             else
                 return std::move(maybe_feature).error();
@@ -170,24 +172,17 @@ namespace vcpkg
 
     std::string Dependency::name() const
     {
-        std::string str = this->depend.name;
-        if (this->depend.features.empty()) return str;
+        if (this->depend.features.empty()) return this->depend.name;
 
-        str += "[";
-        for (auto&& s : this->depend.features)
-        {
-            str += s + ",";
-        }
-        str.pop_back();
-        str += "]";
-        return str;
+        const std::string features = Strings::join(",", this->depend.features);
+        return Strings::format("%s[%s]", this->depend.name, features);
     }
 
-    std::vector<Dependency> vcpkg::expand_qualified_dependencies(const std::vector<std::string>& depends)
+    std::vector<Dependency> expand_qualified_dependencies(const std::vector<std::string>& depends)
     {
         return Util::fmap(depends, [&](const std::string& depend_string) -> Dependency {
             auto pos = depend_string.find(' ');
-            if (pos == std::string::npos) return Dependency::parse_dependency(depend_string, Strings::EMPTY);
+            if (pos == std::string::npos) return Dependency::parse_dependency(depend_string, "");
             // expect of the form "\w+ \[\w+\]"
             Dependency dep;
 
@@ -195,7 +190,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
             if (depend_string.c_str()[pos + 1] != '(' || depend_string[depend_string.size() - 1] != ')')
             {
                 // Error, but for now just slurp the entire string.
-                return Dependency::parse_dependency(depend_string, Strings::EMPTY);
+                return Dependency::parse_dependency(depend_string, "");
             }
             dep.qualifier = depend_string.substr(pos + 2, depend_string.size() - pos - 3);
             return dep;
@@ -220,11 +215,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
         return FeatureSpec::from_strings_and_triplet(filter_dependencies(deps, t), t);
     }
 
-    const std::string to_string(const Dependency& dep)
-    {
-        std::string name = dep.name();
-        return name;
-    }
+    std::string to_string(const Dependency& dep) { return dep.name(); }
 
     ExpectedT<Supports, std::vector<std::string>> Supports::parse(const std::vector<std::string>& strs)
     {
@@ -263,7 +254,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
 
     bool Supports::is_supported(Architecture arch, Platform plat, Linkage crt, ToolsetVersion tools)
     {
-        auto is_in_or_empty = [](auto v, auto&& c) -> bool { return c.empty() || c.end() != Util::find(c, v); };
+        const auto is_in_or_empty = [](auto v, auto&& c) -> bool { return c.empty() || c.end() != Util::find(c, v); };
         if (!is_in_or_empty(arch, architectures)) return false;
         if (!is_in_or_empty(plat, platforms)) return false;
         if (!is_in_or_empty(crt, crt_linkages)) return false;
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/StatusParagraph.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/statusparagraph.cpp
index 5b5c3978f..5f00825e1 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/StatusParagraph.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/statusparagraph.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "StatusParagraph.h"
+#include <vcpkg/statusparagraph.h>
 
 using namespace vcpkg::Parse;
 
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ namespace vcpkg
         this->package = BinaryParagraph(std::move(fields));
 
         auto b = status_field.begin();
-        auto mark = b;
-        auto e = status_field.end();
+        const auto mark = b;
+        const auto e = status_field.end();
 
         // Todo: improve error handling
         while (b != e && *b != ' ')
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/StatusParagraphs.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/statusparagraphs.cpp
index 02ee61f75..647ed6d3f 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/StatusParagraphs.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/statusparagraphs.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "StatusParagraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include <algorithm>
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/statusparagraphs.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
     {
         Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, pgh != nullptr, "Inserted null paragraph");
         const PackageSpec& spec = pgh->package.spec;
-        auto ptr = find(spec.name(), spec.triplet(), pgh->package.feature);
+        const auto ptr = find(spec.name(), spec.triplet(), pgh->package.feature);
         if (ptr == end())
         {
             paragraphs.push_back(std::move(pgh));
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/triplet.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/triplet.cpp
index 451deb040..4cba1523d 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/triplet.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/triplet.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Triplet.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
+#include <vcpkg/triplet.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
@@ -15,14 +15,17 @@ namespace vcpkg
 
         bool operator==(const TripletInstance& o) const { return o.value == value; }
     };
-    const TripletInstance Triplet::default_instance({});
+    const TripletInstance Triplet::DEFAULT_INSTANCE({});
 }
 
-template<>
-struct std::hash<vcpkg::TripletInstance>
+namespace std
 {
-    size_t operator()(const vcpkg::TripletInstance& t) const { return t.hash; }
-};
+    template<>
+    struct hash<vcpkg::TripletInstance>
+    {
+        size_t operator()(const vcpkg::TripletInstance& t) const { return t.hash; }
+    };
+}
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
@@ -41,10 +44,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
     Triplet Triplet::from_canonical_name(const std::string& triplet_as_string)
     {
         std::string s(Strings::ascii_to_lowercase(triplet_as_string));
-        auto it = std::find(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), '-');
-        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, it != s.cend(), "Invalid triplet: %s", triplet_as_string);
-
-        auto p = g_triplet_instances.emplace(std::move(s));
+        const auto p = g_triplet_instances.emplace(std::move(s));
         return &*p.first;
     }
 
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/commands_update.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/update.cpp
index 35f24af12..168949bc1 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/commands_update.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/update.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/update.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
 
-namespace vcpkg::Commands::Update
+namespace vcpkg::Update
 {
     bool OutdatedPackage::compare_by_name(const OutdatedPackage& left, const OutdatedPackage& right)
     {
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Update
         std::vector<OutdatedPackage> output;
         for (const StatusParagraph* pgh : installed_packages)
         {
-            auto it = src_names_to_versions.find(pgh->package.spec.name());
+            const auto it = src_names_to_versions.find(pgh->package.spec.name());
             if (it == src_names_to_versions.end())
             {
                 // Package was not installed from portfile
@@ -69,31 +70,6 @@ namespace vcpkg::Commands::Update
                             install_line);
         }
 
-        auto version_file = paths.get_filesystem().read_contents(paths.root / "toolsrc" / "VERSION.txt");
-        if (auto version_contents = version_file.get())
-        {
-            int maj1, min1, rev1;
-            auto num1 = sscanf_s(version_contents->c_str(), "\"%d.%d.%d\"", &maj1, &min1, &rev1);
-
-            int maj2, min2, rev2;
-            auto num2 = sscanf_s(Version::version().c_str(), "%d.%d.%d-", &maj2, &min2, &rev2);
-
-            if (num1 == 3 && num2 == 3)
-            {
-                if (maj1 != maj2 || min1 != min2 || rev1 != rev2)
-                {
-                    System::println("Different source is available for vcpkg (%d.%d.%d -> %d.%d.%d). Use "
-                                    ".\\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat to update.",
-                                    maj2,
-                                    min2,
-                                    rev2,
-                                    maj1,
-                                    min1,
-                                    rev1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         Checks::exit_success(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
     }
 }
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/VcpkgCmdArguments.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgcmdarguments.cpp
index cb261930e..209f6a3f2 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/VcpkgCmdArguments.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgcmdarguments.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "VcpkgCmdArguments.h"
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Commands.h"
-#include "vcpkg_GlobalState.h"
-#include "vcpkg_System.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/commands.h>
+#include <vcpkg/globalstate.h>
+#include <vcpkg/help.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkgcmdarguments.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
         {
             System::println(System::Color::error, "Error: expected value after %s", option_name);
             Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("error", "error option name");
-            Commands::Help::print_usage();
+            Help::print_usage();
             Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ namespace vcpkg
         {
             System::println(System::Color::error, "Error: %s specified multiple times", option_name);
             Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("error", "error option specified multiple times");
-            Commands::Help::print_usage();
+            Help::print_usage();
             Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
 
@@ -38,18 +39,26 @@ namespace vcpkg
         {
             System::println(System::Color::error, "Error: conflicting values specified for --%s", option_name);
             Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("error", "error conflicting switches");
-            Commands::Help::print_usage();
+            Help::print_usage();
             Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
         }
         option_field = new_setting;
     }
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
     VcpkgCmdArguments VcpkgCmdArguments::create_from_command_line(const int argc, const wchar_t* const* const argv)
+#else
+    VcpkgCmdArguments VcpkgCmdArguments::create_from_command_line(const int argc, const char* const* const argv)
+#endif
     {
         std::vector<std::string> v;
         for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
         {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
             v.push_back(Strings::to_utf8(argv[i]));
+#else
+            v.push_back(argv[i]);
+#endif
         }
 
         return VcpkgCmdArguments::create_from_arg_sequence(v.data(), v.data() + v.size());
@@ -222,17 +231,17 @@ namespace vcpkg
 
     void VcpkgCmdArguments::check_max_arg_count(const size_t expected_arg_count) const
     {
-        return check_max_arg_count(expected_arg_count, Strings::EMPTY);
+        return check_max_arg_count(expected_arg_count, "");
     }
 
     void VcpkgCmdArguments::check_min_arg_count(const size_t expected_arg_count) const
     {
-        return check_min_arg_count(expected_arg_count, Strings::EMPTY);
+        return check_min_arg_count(expected_arg_count, "");
     }
 
     void VcpkgCmdArguments::check_exact_arg_count(const size_t expected_arg_count) const
     {
-        return check_exact_arg_count(expected_arg_count, Strings::EMPTY);
+        return check_exact_arg_count(expected_arg_count, "");
     }
 
     void VcpkgCmdArguments::check_max_arg_count(const size_t expected_arg_count, const std::string& example_text) const
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkglib.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkglib.cpp
index 5cdafdbc8..38b130f6f 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkglib.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkglib.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "Paragraphs.h"
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Util.h"
-#include "vcpkglib.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+#include <vcpkg/paragraphs.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkglib.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
@@ -212,30 +212,26 @@ namespace vcpkg
         return installed_files;
     }
 
-    CMakeVariable::CMakeVariable(const CWStringView varname, const wchar_t* varvalue)
-        : s(Strings::wformat(LR"("-D%s=%s")", varname, varvalue))
+    CMakeVariable::CMakeVariable(const CStringView varname, const char* varvalue)
+        : s(Strings::format(R"("-D%s=%s")", varname, varvalue))
     {
     }
-    CMakeVariable::CMakeVariable(const CWStringView varname, const std::string& varvalue)
-        : CMakeVariable(varname, Strings::to_utf16(varvalue).c_str())
-    {
-    }
-    CMakeVariable::CMakeVariable(const CWStringView varname, const std::wstring& varvalue)
+    CMakeVariable::CMakeVariable(const CStringView varname, const std::string& varvalue)
         : CMakeVariable(varname, varvalue.c_str())
     {
     }
-    CMakeVariable::CMakeVariable(const CWStringView varname, const fs::path& path)
-        : CMakeVariable(varname, path.generic_wstring())
+    CMakeVariable::CMakeVariable(const CStringView varname, const fs::path& path)
+        : CMakeVariable(varname, path.generic_u8string())
     {
     }
 
-    std::wstring make_cmake_cmd(const fs::path& cmake_exe,
-                                const fs::path& cmake_script,
-                                const std::vector<CMakeVariable>& pass_variables)
+    std::string make_cmake_cmd(const fs::path& cmake_exe,
+                               const fs::path& cmake_script,
+                               const std::vector<CMakeVariable>& pass_variables)
     {
-        const std::wstring cmd_cmake_pass_variables = Strings::join(L" ", pass_variables, [](auto&& v) { return v.s; });
-        return Strings::wformat(
-            LR"("%s" %s -P "%s")", cmake_exe.native(), cmd_cmake_pass_variables, cmake_script.generic_wstring());
+        const std::string cmd_cmake_pass_variables = Strings::join(" ", pass_variables, [](auto&& v) { return v.s; });
+        return Strings::format(
+            R"("%s" %s -P "%s")", cmake_exe.u8string(), cmd_cmake_pass_variables, cmake_script.generic_u8string());
     }
 
     std::string shorten_text(const std::string& desc, size_t length)
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90f9cb00b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/expected.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/system.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/util.h>
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+#include <vcpkg/packagespec.h>
+#include <vcpkg/vcpkgpaths.h>
+
+namespace vcpkg
+{
+    static constexpr CStringView V_120 = "v120";
+    static constexpr CStringView V_140 = "v140";
+    static constexpr CStringView V_141 = "v141";
+
+    static bool exists_and_has_equal_or_greater_version(const std::string& version_cmd,
+                                                        const std::array<int, 3>& expected_version)
+    {
+        static const std::regex RE(R"###((\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+))###");
+
+        const auto rc = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(Strings::format(R"(%s)", version_cmd));
+        if (rc.exit_code != 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::match_results<std::string::const_iterator> match;
+        const auto found = std::regex_search(rc.output, match, RE);
+        if (!found)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const int d1 = atoi(match[1].str().c_str());
+        const int d2 = atoi(match[2].str().c_str());
+        const int d3 = atoi(match[3].str().c_str());
+        if (d1 > expected_version[0] || (d1 == expected_version[0] && d2 > expected_version[1]) ||
+            (d1 == expected_version[0] && d2 == expected_version[1] && d3 >= expected_version[2]))
+        {
+            // satisfactory version found
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static Optional<fs::path> find_if_has_equal_or_greater_version(const std::vector<fs::path>& candidate_paths,
+                                                                   const std::string& version_check_arguments,
+                                                                   const std::array<int, 3>& expected_version)
+    {
+        auto it = Util::find_if(candidate_paths, [&](const fs::path& p) {
+            const std::string cmd = Strings::format(R"("%s" %s)", p.u8string(), version_check_arguments);
+            return exists_and_has_equal_or_greater_version(cmd, expected_version);
+        });
+
+        if (it != candidate_paths.cend())
+        {
+            return std::move(*it);
+        }
+
+        return nullopt;
+    }
+
+    static fs::path fetch_dependency(const fs::path& scripts_folder,
+                                     const std::string& tool_name,
+                                     const fs::path& expected_downloaded_path,
+                                     const std::array<int, 3>& version)
+    {
+        const std::string version_as_string = Strings::format("%d.%d.%d", version[0], version[1], version[2]);
+        System::println("A suitable version of %s was not found (required v%s). Downloading portable %s v%s...",
+                        tool_name,
+                        version_as_string,
+                        tool_name,
+                        version_as_string);
+        const fs::path script = scripts_folder / "fetchDependency.ps1";
+        const auto install_cmd =
+            System::create_powershell_script_cmd(script, Strings::format("-Dependency %s", tool_name));
+        const System::ExitCodeAndOutput rc = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(install_cmd);
+        if (rc.exit_code)
+        {
+            System::println(System::Color::error,
+                            "Launching powershell failed or was denied when trying to fetch %s version %s.\n"
+                            "(No sufficient installed version was found)",
+                            tool_name,
+                            version_as_string);
+            {
+                auto locked_metrics = Metrics::g_metrics.lock();
+                locked_metrics->track_property("error", "powershell install failed");
+                locked_metrics->track_property("dependency", tool_name);
+            }
+            Checks::exit_with_code(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, rc.exit_code);
+        }
+
+        const fs::path actual_downloaded_path = Strings::trimmed(rc.output);
+        std::error_code ec;
+        const auto eq = fs::stdfs::equivalent(expected_downloaded_path, actual_downloaded_path, ec);
+        Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                           eq && !ec,
+                           "Expected dependency downloaded path to be %s, but was %s",
+                           expected_downloaded_path.u8string(),
+                           actual_downloaded_path.u8string());
+        return actual_downloaded_path;
+    }
+
+    static fs::path get_cmake_path(const fs::path& downloads_folder, const fs::path& scripts_folder)
+    {
+        static constexpr std::array<int, 3> EXPECTED_VERSION = {3, 9, 3};
+        static const std::string VERSION_CHECK_ARGUMENTS = "--version";
+
+        const fs::path downloaded_copy = downloads_folder / "cmake-3.9.3-win32-x86" / "bin" / "cmake.exe";
+        const std::vector<fs::path> from_path = Files::find_from_PATH("cmake");
+
+        std::vector<fs::path> candidate_paths;
+        candidate_paths.push_back(downloaded_copy);
+        candidate_paths.insert(candidate_paths.end(), from_path.cbegin(), from_path.cend());
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_program_files_platform_bitness() / "CMake" / "bin" / "cmake.exe");
+        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_program_files_32_bit() / "CMake" / "bin");
+#endif
+
+        const Optional<fs::path> path =
+            find_if_has_equal_or_greater_version(candidate_paths, VERSION_CHECK_ARGUMENTS, EXPECTED_VERSION);
+        if (const auto p = path.get())
+        {
+            return *p;
+        }
+
+        return fetch_dependency(scripts_folder, "cmake", downloaded_copy, EXPECTED_VERSION);
+    }
+
+    fs::path get_nuget_path(const fs::path& downloads_folder, const fs::path& scripts_folder)
+    {
+        static constexpr std::array<int, 3> EXPECTED_VERSION = {4, 3, 0};
+
+        const fs::path downloaded_copy = downloads_folder / "nuget-4.3.0" / "nuget.exe";
+        const std::vector<fs::path> from_path = Files::find_from_PATH("nuget");
+
+        std::vector<fs::path> candidate_paths;
+        candidate_paths.push_back(downloaded_copy);
+        candidate_paths.insert(candidate_paths.end(), from_path.cbegin(), from_path.cend());
+
+        auto path = find_if_has_equal_or_greater_version(candidate_paths, "", EXPECTED_VERSION);
+        if (const auto p = path.get())
+        {
+            return *p;
+        }
+
+        return fetch_dependency(scripts_folder, "nuget", downloaded_copy, EXPECTED_VERSION);
+    }
+
+    fs::path get_git_path(const fs::path& downloads_folder, const fs::path& scripts_folder)
+    {
+        static constexpr std::array<int, 3> EXPECTED_VERSION = {2, 14, 1};
+        static const std::string VERSION_CHECK_ARGUMENTS = "--version";
+
+        const fs::path downloaded_copy = downloads_folder / "MinGit-2.14.1-32-bit" / "cmd" / "git.exe";
+        const std::vector<fs::path> from_path = Files::find_from_PATH("git");
+
+        std::vector<fs::path> candidate_paths;
+        candidate_paths.push_back(downloaded_copy);
+        candidate_paths.insert(candidate_paths.end(), from_path.cbegin(), from_path.cend());
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_program_files_platform_bitness() / "git" / "cmd" / "git.exe");
+        candidate_paths.push_back(System::get_program_files_32_bit() / "git" / "cmd" / "git.exe");
+#endif
+
+        const Optional<fs::path> path =
+            find_if_has_equal_or_greater_version(candidate_paths, VERSION_CHECK_ARGUMENTS, EXPECTED_VERSION);
+        if (const auto p = path.get())
+        {
+            return *p;
+        }
+
+        return fetch_dependency(scripts_folder, "git", downloaded_copy, EXPECTED_VERSION);
+    }
+
+    static fs::path get_ifw_installerbase_path(const fs::path& downloads_folder, const fs::path& scripts_folder)
+    {
+        static constexpr std::array<int, 3> EXPECTED_VERSION = {3, 1, 81};
+        static const std::string VERSION_CHECK_ARGUMENTS = "--framework-version";
+
+        const fs::path downloaded_copy =
+            downloads_folder / "QtInstallerFramework-win-x86" / "bin" / "installerbase.exe";
+
+        std::vector<fs::path> candidate_paths;
+        candidate_paths.push_back(downloaded_copy);
+        // TODO: Uncomment later
+        // const std::vector<fs::path> from_path = Files::find_from_PATH("installerbase");
+        // candidate_paths.insert(candidate_paths.end(), from_path.cbegin(), from_path.cend());
+        // candidate_paths.push_back(fs::path(System::get_environment_variable("HOMEDRIVE").value_or("C:")) / "Qt" /
+        // "Tools" / "QtInstallerFramework" / "3.1" / "bin" / "installerbase.exe");
+        // candidate_paths.push_back(fs::path(System::get_environment_variable("HOMEDRIVE").value_or("C:")) / "Qt" /
+        // "QtIFW-3.1.0" / "bin" / "installerbase.exe");
+
+        const Optional<fs::path> path =
+            find_if_has_equal_or_greater_version(candidate_paths, VERSION_CHECK_ARGUMENTS, EXPECTED_VERSION);
+        if (const auto p = path.get())
+        {
+            return *p;
+        }
+
+        return fetch_dependency(scripts_folder, "installerbase", downloaded_copy, EXPECTED_VERSION);
+    }
+
+    Expected<VcpkgPaths> VcpkgPaths::create(const fs::path& vcpkg_root_dir)
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        const fs::path canonical_vcpkg_root_dir = fs::stdfs::canonical(vcpkg_root_dir, ec);
+        if (ec)
+        {
+            return ec;
+        }
+
+        VcpkgPaths paths;
+        paths.root = canonical_vcpkg_root_dir;
+
+        if (paths.root.empty())
+        {
+            Metrics::g_metrics.lock()->track_property("error", "Invalid vcpkg root directory");
+            Checks::exit_with_message(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, "Invalid vcpkg root directory: %s", paths.root.string());
+        }
+
+        paths.packages = paths.root / "packages";
+        paths.buildtrees = paths.root / "buildtrees";
+        paths.downloads = paths.root / "downloads";
+        paths.ports = paths.root / "ports";
+        paths.installed = paths.root / "installed";
+        paths.triplets = paths.root / "triplets";
+        paths.scripts = paths.root / "scripts";
+
+        paths.buildsystems = paths.scripts / "buildsystems";
+        paths.buildsystems_msbuild_targets = paths.buildsystems / "msbuild" / "vcpkg.targets";
+
+        paths.vcpkg_dir = paths.installed / "vcpkg";
+        paths.vcpkg_dir_status_file = paths.vcpkg_dir / "status";
+        paths.vcpkg_dir_info = paths.vcpkg_dir / "info";
+        paths.vcpkg_dir_updates = paths.vcpkg_dir / "updates";
+
+        paths.ports_cmake = paths.scripts / "ports.cmake";
+
+        return paths;
+    }
+
+    fs::path VcpkgPaths::package_dir(const PackageSpec& spec) const { return this->packages / spec.dir(); }
+
+    fs::path VcpkgPaths::port_dir(const PackageSpec& spec) const { return this->ports / spec.name(); }
+    fs::path VcpkgPaths::port_dir(const std::string& name) const { return this->ports / name; }
+
+    fs::path VcpkgPaths::build_info_file_path(const PackageSpec& spec) const
+    {
+        return this->package_dir(spec) / "BUILD_INFO";
+    }
+
+    fs::path VcpkgPaths::listfile_path(const BinaryParagraph& pgh) const
+    {
+        return this->vcpkg_dir_info / (pgh.fullstem() + ".list");
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<std::string>& VcpkgPaths::get_available_triplets() const
+    {
+        return this->available_triplets.get_lazy([this]() -> std::vector<std::string> {
+
+            std::vector<std::string> output;
+            for (auto&& path : this->get_filesystem().get_files_non_recursive(this->triplets))
+            {
+                output.push_back(path.stem().filename().string());
+            }
+
+            return output;
+        });
+    }
+
+    bool VcpkgPaths::is_valid_triplet(const Triplet& t) const
+    {
+        auto it = Util::find_if(this->get_available_triplets(),
+                                [&](auto&& available_triplet) { return t.canonical_name() == available_triplet; });
+        return it != this->get_available_triplets().cend();
+    }
+
+    const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_cmake_exe() const
+    {
+        return this->cmake_exe.get_lazy([this]() { return get_cmake_path(this->downloads, this->scripts); });
+    }
+
+    const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_git_exe() const
+    {
+        return this->git_exe.get_lazy([this]() { return get_git_path(this->downloads, this->scripts); });
+    }
+
+    const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_nuget_exe() const
+    {
+        return this->nuget_exe.get_lazy([this]() { return get_nuget_path(this->downloads, this->scripts); });
+    }
+
+    const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_ifw_installerbase_exe() const
+    {
+        return this->ifw_installerbase_exe.get_lazy(
+            [this]() { return get_ifw_installerbase_path(this->downloads, this->scripts); });
+    }
+
+    const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_ifw_binarycreator_exe() const
+    {
+        return this->ifw_binarycreator_exe.get_lazy(
+            [this]() { return get_ifw_installerbase_exe().parent_path() / "binarycreator.exe"; });
+    }
+
+    const fs::path& VcpkgPaths::get_ifw_repogen_exe() const
+    {
+        return this->ifw_repogen_exe.get_lazy(
+            [this]() { return get_ifw_installerbase_exe().parent_path() / "repogen.exe"; });
+    }
+
+    struct VisualStudioInstance
+    {
+        fs::path root_path;
+        std::string version;
+        std::string release_type;
+        std::string preference_weight; // Mostly unused, just for verification that order is as intended
+
+        std::string major_version() const { return version.substr(0, 2); }
+    };
+
+    static std::vector<VisualStudioInstance> get_visual_studio_instances(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        const fs::path script = paths.scripts / "findVisualStudioInstallationInstances.ps1";
+        const std::string cmd = System::create_powershell_script_cmd(script);
+        const System::ExitCodeAndOutput ec_data = System::cmd_execute_and_capture_output(cmd);
+        Checks::check_exit(
+            VCPKG_LINE_INFO, ec_data.exit_code == 0, "Could not run script to detect Visual Studio instances");
+
+        const std::vector<std::string> instances_as_strings = Strings::split(ec_data.output, "\n");
+        std::vector<VisualStudioInstance> output;
+        for (const std::string& instance_as_string : instances_as_strings)
+        {
+            const std::vector<std::string> split = Strings::split(instance_as_string, "::");
+            output.push_back({split.at(3), split.at(2), split.at(1), split.at(0)});
+        }
+
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    static std::vector<Toolset> find_toolset_instances(const VcpkgPaths& paths)
+    {
+        using CPU = System::CPUArchitecture;
+
+        const auto& fs = paths.get_filesystem();
+
+        // Note: this will contain a mix of vcvarsall.bat locations and dumpbin.exe locations.
+        std::vector<fs::path> paths_examined;
+
+        std::vector<Toolset> found_toolsets;
+
+        const std::vector<VisualStudioInstance> vs_instances = get_visual_studio_instances(paths);
+        const bool v140_is_available = Util::find_if(vs_instances, [&](const VisualStudioInstance& vs_instance) {
+                                           return vs_instance.major_version() == "14";
+                                       }) != vs_instances.cend();
+
+        for (const VisualStudioInstance& vs_instance : vs_instances)
+        {
+            const std::string major_version = vs_instance.major_version();
+            if (major_version == "15")
+            {
+                const fs::path vc_dir = vs_instance.root_path / "VC";
+
+                // Skip any instances that do not have vcvarsall.
+                const fs::path vcvarsall_dir = vc_dir / "Auxiliary" / "Build";
+                const fs::path vcvarsall_bat = vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsall.bat";
+                paths_examined.push_back(vcvarsall_bat);
+                if (!fs.exists(vcvarsall_bat)) continue;
+
+                // Get all supported architectures
+                std::vector<ToolsetArchOption> supported_architectures;
+                if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvars32.bat"))
+                    supported_architectures.push_back({"x86", CPU::X86, CPU::X86});
+                if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvars64.bat"))
+                    supported_architectures.push_back({"amd64", CPU::X64, CPU::X64});
+                if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsx86_amd64.bat"))
+                    supported_architectures.push_back({"x86_amd64", CPU::X86, CPU::X64});
+                if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsx86_arm.bat"))
+                    supported_architectures.push_back({"x86_arm", CPU::X86, CPU::ARM});
+                if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsx86_arm64.bat"))
+                    supported_architectures.push_back({"x86_arm64", CPU::X86, CPU::ARM64});
+                if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsamd64_x86.bat"))
+                    supported_architectures.push_back({"amd64_x86", CPU::X64, CPU::X86});
+                if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsamd64_arm.bat"))
+                    supported_architectures.push_back({"amd64_arm", CPU::X64, CPU::ARM});
+                if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_dir / "vcvarsamd64_arm64.bat"))
+                    supported_architectures.push_back({"amd64_arm64", CPU::X64, CPU::ARM64});
+
+                // Locate the "best" MSVC toolchain version
+                const fs::path msvc_path = vc_dir / "Tools" / "MSVC";
+                std::vector<fs::path> msvc_subdirectories = fs.get_files_non_recursive(msvc_path);
+                Util::unstable_keep_if(msvc_subdirectories,
+                                       [&fs](const fs::path& path) { return fs.is_directory(path); });
+
+                // Sort them so that latest comes first
+                std::sort(
+                    msvc_subdirectories.begin(),
+                    msvc_subdirectories.end(),
+                    [](const fs::path& left, const fs::path& right) { return left.filename() > right.filename(); });
+
+                for (const fs::path& subdir : msvc_subdirectories)
+                {
+                    const fs::path dumpbin_path = subdir / "bin" / "HostX86" / "x86" / "dumpbin.exe";
+                    paths_examined.push_back(dumpbin_path);
+                    if (fs.exists(dumpbin_path))
+                    {
+                        found_toolsets.push_back(Toolset{
+                            vs_instance.root_path, dumpbin_path, vcvarsall_bat, {}, V_141, supported_architectures});
+
+                        if (v140_is_available)
+                        {
+                            found_toolsets.push_back(Toolset{vs_instance.root_path,
+                                                             dumpbin_path,
+                                                             vcvarsall_bat,
+                                                             {"-vcvars_ver=14.0"},
+                                                             V_140,
+                                                             supported_architectures});
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (major_version == "14")
+            {
+                const fs::path vcvarsall_bat = vs_instance.root_path / "VC" / "vcvarsall.bat";
+
+                paths_examined.push_back(vcvarsall_bat);
+                if (fs.exists(vcvarsall_bat))
+                {
+                    const fs::path vs2015_dumpbin_exe = vs_instance.root_path / "VC" / "bin" / "dumpbin.exe";
+                    paths_examined.push_back(vs2015_dumpbin_exe);
+
+                    const fs::path vs2015_bin_dir = vcvarsall_bat.parent_path() / "bin";
+                    std::vector<ToolsetArchOption> supported_architectures;
+                    if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "vcvars32.bat"))
+                        supported_architectures.push_back({"x86", CPU::X86, CPU::X86});
+                    if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "amd64\\vcvars64.bat"))
+                        supported_architectures.push_back({"x64", CPU::X64, CPU::X64});
+                    if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "x86_amd64\\vcvarsx86_amd64.bat"))
+                        supported_architectures.push_back({"x86_amd64", CPU::X86, CPU::X64});
+                    if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "x86_arm\\vcvarsx86_arm.bat"))
+                        supported_architectures.push_back({"x86_arm", CPU::X86, CPU::ARM});
+                    if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "amd64_x86\\vcvarsamd64_x86.bat"))
+                        supported_architectures.push_back({"amd64_x86", CPU::X64, CPU::X86});
+                    if (fs.exists(vs2015_bin_dir / "amd64_arm\\vcvarsamd64_arm.bat"))
+                        supported_architectures.push_back({"amd64_arm", CPU::X64, CPU::ARM});
+
+                    if (fs.exists(vs2015_dumpbin_exe))
+                    {
+                        found_toolsets.push_back({vs_instance.root_path,
+                                                  vs2015_dumpbin_exe,
+                                                  vcvarsall_bat,
+                                                  {},
+                                                  V_140,
+                                                  supported_architectures});
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found_toolsets.empty())
+        {
+            System::println(System::Color::error, "Could not locate a complete toolset.");
+            System::println("The following paths were examined:");
+            for (const fs::path& path : paths_examined)
+            {
+                System::println("    %s", path.u8string());
+            }
+            Checks::exit_fail(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
+        }
+
+        return found_toolsets;
+    }
+
+    const Toolset& VcpkgPaths::get_toolset(const Optional<std::string>& toolset_version,
+                                           const Optional<fs::path>& visual_studio_path) const
+    {
+        // Invariant: toolsets are non-empty and sorted with newest at back()
+        const std::vector<Toolset>& vs_toolsets =
+            this->toolsets.get_lazy([this]() { return find_toolset_instances(*this); });
+
+        std::vector<const Toolset*> candidates = Util::element_pointers(vs_toolsets);
+        const auto tsv = toolset_version.get();
+        const auto vsp = visual_studio_path.get();
+
+        if (tsv && vsp)
+        {
+            Util::stable_keep_if(
+                candidates, [&](const Toolset* t) { return *tsv == t->version && *vsp == t->visual_studio_root_path; });
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                               !candidates.empty(),
+                               "Could not find Visual Studio instace at %s with %s toolset.",
+                               vsp->u8string(),
+                               *tsv);
+
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO, candidates.size() == 1);
+            return *candidates.back();
+        }
+
+        if (tsv)
+        {
+            Util::stable_keep_if(candidates, [&](const Toolset* t) { return *tsv == t->version; });
+            Checks::check_exit(
+                VCPKG_LINE_INFO, !candidates.empty(), "Could not find Visual Studio instace with %s toolset.", *tsv);
+        }
+
+        if (vsp)
+        {
+            const fs::path vs_root_path = *vsp;
+            Util::stable_keep_if(candidates,
+                                 [&](const Toolset* t) { return vs_root_path == t->visual_studio_root_path; });
+            Checks::check_exit(VCPKG_LINE_INFO,
+                               !candidates.empty(),
+                               "Could not find Visual Studio instace at %s.",
+                               vs_root_path.generic_string());
+        }
+
+        return *candidates.front();
+    }
+
+    Files::Filesystem& VcpkgPaths::get_filesystem() const { return Files::get_real_filesystem(); }
+}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/VersionT.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/versiont.cpp
index 738d2ce88..1c52d674a 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/VersionT.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg/versiont.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 
-#include "VersionT.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Strings.h"
+#include <vcpkg/base/strings.h>
+#include <vcpkg/versiont.h>
 
 namespace vcpkg
 {
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Build_BuildPolicy.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Build_BuildPolicy.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b3bb778dc..000000000
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_Build_BuildPolicy.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#include "pch.h"
-
-#include "vcpkg_Build.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Enums.h"
-
-namespace vcpkg::Build
-{
-    static const std::string NAME_EMPTY_PACKAGE = "PolicyEmptyPackage";
-    static const std::string NAME_DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS = "PolicyDLLsWithoutLIBs";
-    static const std::string NAME_ONLY_RELEASE_CRT = "PolicyOnlyReleaseCRT";
-    static const std::string NAME_EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER = "PolicyEmptyIncludeFolder";
-    static const std::string NAME_ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT = "PolicyAllowObsoleteMsvcrt";
-
-    const std::string& to_string(BuildPolicy policy)
-    {
-        switch (policy)
-        {
-            case BuildPolicy::EMPTY_PACKAGE: return NAME_EMPTY_PACKAGE;
-            case BuildPolicy::DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS: return NAME_DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS;
-            case BuildPolicy::ONLY_RELEASE_CRT: return NAME_ONLY_RELEASE_CRT;
-            case BuildPolicy::EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER: return NAME_EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER;
-            case BuildPolicy::ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT: return NAME_ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT;
-            default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        }
-    }
-
-    CStringView to_cmake_variable(BuildPolicy policy)
-    {
-        switch (policy)
-        {
-            case BuildPolicy::EMPTY_PACKAGE: return "VCPKG_POLICY_EMPTY_PACKAGE";
-            case BuildPolicy::DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS: return "VCPKG_POLICY_DLLS_WITHOUT_LIBS";
-            case BuildPolicy::ONLY_RELEASE_CRT: return "VCPKG_POLICY_ONLY_RELEASE_CRT";
-            case BuildPolicy::EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER: return "VCPKG_POLICY_EMPTY_INCLUDE_FOLDER";
-            case BuildPolicy::ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT: return "VCPKG_POLICY_ALLOW_OBSOLETE_MSVCRT";
-            default: Checks::unreachable(VCPKG_LINE_INFO);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_GlobalState.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_GlobalState.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2221222c0..000000000
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_GlobalState.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#include "pch.h"
-
-#include "vcpkg_GlobalState.h"
-
-namespace vcpkg
-{
-    Util::LockGuarded<ElapsedTime> GlobalState::timer;
-    std::atomic<bool> GlobalState::debugging = false;
-    std::atomic<bool> GlobalState::feature_packages = false;
-
-    std::atomic<int> GlobalState::g_init_console_cp = 0;
-    std::atomic<int> GlobalState::g_init_console_output_cp = 0;
-}
diff --git a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_metrics_uploader.cpp b/toolsrc/src/vcpkgmetricsuploader.cpp
index cef4f4756..2239fe750 100644
--- a/toolsrc/src/vcpkg_metrics_uploader.cpp
+++ b/toolsrc/src/vcpkgmetricsuploader.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-#include "metrics.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Checks.h"
-#include "vcpkg_Files.h"
+#include <vcpkg/metrics.h>
+
+#include <vcpkg/base/checks.h>
+#include <vcpkg/base/files.h>
+
 #include <Windows.h>
 
 using namespace vcpkg;