PROJStringFormatting: change order of emission of push/pop w.r.t axis swap/unitconvert to avoid useless simplification rules

6 files changed, 203 insertions, 302 deletions

diff --git a/src/iso19111/coordinateoperation.cpp b/src/iso19111/coordinateoperation.cpp
index d66afd0d..fdcb6af8 100644
--- a/src/iso19111/coordinateoperation.cpp
+++ b/src/iso19111/coordinateoperation.cpp
@@ -8101,7 +8101,7 @@ static void ThrowExceptionNotGeodeticGeographic(const char *trfrm_name) {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 static void setupPROJGeodeticSourceCRS(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter,
-                                       const crs::CRSNNPtr &crs,
+                                       const crs::CRSNNPtr &crs, bool addPushV3,
                                        const char *trfrm_name) {
     auto sourceCRSGeog = dynamic_cast<const crs::GeographicCRS *>(crs.get());
     if (sourceCRSGeog) {
@@ -8109,6 +8109,11 @@ static void setupPROJGeodeticSourceCRS(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter,
         sourceCRSGeog->_exportToPROJString(formatter);
         formatter->stopInversion();
 
+        if (addPushV3) {
+            formatter->addStep("push");
+            formatter->addParam("v_3");
+        }
+
         formatter->addStep("cart");
         sourceCRSGeog->ellipsoid()->_exportToPROJString(formatter);
     } else {
@@ -8124,7 +8129,7 @@ static void setupPROJGeodeticSourceCRS(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter,
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 static void setupPROJGeodeticTargetCRS(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter,
-                                       const crs::CRSNNPtr &crs,
+                                       const crs::CRSNNPtr &crs, bool addPopV3,
                                        const char *trfrm_name) {
     auto targetCRSGeog = dynamic_cast<const crs::GeographicCRS *>(crs.get());
     if (targetCRSGeog) {
@@ -8132,6 +8137,11 @@ static void setupPROJGeodeticTargetCRS(io::PROJStringFormatter *formatter,
         formatter->setCurrentStepInverted(true);
         targetCRSGeog->ellipsoid()->_exportToPROJString(formatter);
 
+        if (addPopV3) {
+            formatter->addStep("pop");
+            formatter->addParam("v_3");
+        }
+
         targetCRSGeog->_exportToPROJString(formatter);
     } else {
         auto targetCRSGeod = dynamic_cast<const crs::GeodeticCRS *>(crs.get());
@@ -8223,19 +8233,19 @@ void Transformation::_exportToPROJString(
         double z =
             parameterValueNumericAsSI(EPSG_CODE_PARAMETER_Z_AXIS_TRANSLATION);
 
-        if (methodEPSGCode == EPSG_CODE_METHOD_COORDINATE_FRAME_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_TIME_DEPENDENT_COORDINATE_FRAME_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode == EPSG_CODE_METHOD_POSITION_VECTOR_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_TIME_DEPENDENT_POSITION_VECTOR_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_GEOCENTRIC_TRANSLATION_GEOGRAPHIC_2D) {
-            formatter->addStep("push");
-            formatter->addParam("v_3");
-        }
+        bool addPushPopV3 =
+            (methodEPSGCode ==
+                 EPSG_CODE_METHOD_COORDINATE_FRAME_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
+             methodEPSGCode ==
+                 EPSG_CODE_METHOD_TIME_DEPENDENT_COORDINATE_FRAME_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
+             methodEPSGCode == EPSG_CODE_METHOD_POSITION_VECTOR_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
+             methodEPSGCode ==
+                 EPSG_CODE_METHOD_TIME_DEPENDENT_POSITION_VECTOR_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
+             methodEPSGCode ==
+                 EPSG_CODE_METHOD_GEOCENTRIC_TRANSLATION_GEOGRAPHIC_2D);
 
-        setupPROJGeodeticSourceCRS(formatter, sourceCRS(), "Helmert");
+        setupPROJGeodeticSourceCRS(formatter, sourceCRS(), addPushPopV3,
+                                   "Helmert");
 
         formatter->addStep("helmert");
         formatter->addParam("x", x);
@@ -8299,19 +8309,8 @@ void Transformation::_exportToPROJString(
             }
         }
 
-        setupPROJGeodeticTargetCRS(formatter, targetCRS(), "Helmert");
-
-        if (methodEPSGCode == EPSG_CODE_METHOD_COORDINATE_FRAME_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_TIME_DEPENDENT_COORDINATE_FRAME_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode == EPSG_CODE_METHOD_POSITION_VECTOR_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_TIME_DEPENDENT_POSITION_VECTOR_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_GEOCENTRIC_TRANSLATION_GEOGRAPHIC_2D) {
-            formatter->addStep("pop");
-            formatter->addParam("v_3");
-        }
+        setupPROJGeodeticTargetCRS(formatter, targetCRS(), addPushPopV3,
+                                   "Helmert");
 
         return;
     }
@@ -8359,15 +8358,13 @@ void Transformation::_exportToPROJString(
         double pz = parameterValueNumericAsSI(
             EPSG_CODE_PARAMETER_ORDINATE_3_EVAL_POINT);
 
-        if (methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_MOLODENSKY_BADEKAS_PV_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_MOLODENSKY_BADEKAS_CF_GEOGRAPHIC_2D) {
-            formatter->addStep("push");
-            formatter->addParam("v_3");
-        }
+        bool addPushPopV3 =
+            (methodEPSGCode ==
+                 EPSG_CODE_METHOD_MOLODENSKY_BADEKAS_PV_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
+             methodEPSGCode ==
+                 EPSG_CODE_METHOD_MOLODENSKY_BADEKAS_CF_GEOGRAPHIC_2D);
 
-        setupPROJGeodeticSourceCRS(formatter, sourceCRS(),
+        setupPROJGeodeticSourceCRS(formatter, sourceCRS(), addPushPopV3,
                                    "Molodensky-Badekas");
 
         formatter->addStep("molobadekas");
@@ -8387,17 +8384,9 @@ void Transformation::_exportToPROJString(
             formatter->addParam("convention", "coordinate_frame");
         }
 
-        setupPROJGeodeticTargetCRS(formatter, targetCRS(),
+        setupPROJGeodeticTargetCRS(formatter, targetCRS(), addPushPopV3,
                                    "Molodensky-Badekas");
 
-        if (methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_MOLODENSKY_BADEKAS_PV_GEOGRAPHIC_2D ||
-            methodEPSGCode ==
-                EPSG_CODE_METHOD_MOLODENSKY_BADEKAS_CF_GEOGRAPHIC_2D) {
-            formatter->addStep("pop");
-            formatter->addParam("v_3");
-        }
-
         return;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/iso19111/io.cpp b/src/iso19111/io.cpp
index f602c7c0..a1608464 100644
--- a/src/iso19111/io.cpp
+++ b/src/iso19111/io.cpp
@@ -5102,98 +5102,6 @@ const std::string &PROJStringFormatter::toString() const {
                 }
             }
 
-            // axisswap order=2,1, pop/push v_3, axisswap order=2,1 -> can
-            // suppress axisswap
-            if (i + 1 < d->steps_.size() && prevStep.name == "axisswap" &&
-                (curStep.name == "push" || curStep.name == "pop") &&
-                prevStepParamCount == 1 &&
-                prevStep.paramValues[0].equals("order", "2,1") &&
-                curStepParamCount == 1 && curStep.paramValues[0].key == "v_3") {
-                auto iterNext = iterCur;
-                ++iterNext;
-                auto &nextStep = *iterNext;
-                if (nextStep.name == "axisswap" &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues.size() == 1 &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues[0].equals("order", "2,1")) {
-                    d->steps_.erase(iterPrev);
-                    d->steps_.erase(iterNext);
-                    changeDone = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            // push v_3, axisswap order=2,1, pop v_3 -> can suppress push/pop
-            if (i + 1 < d->steps_.size() && prevStep.name == "push" &&
-                prevStepParamCount == 1 &&
-                prevStep.paramValues[0].key == "v_3" &&
-                curStep.name == "axisswap" && curStepParamCount == 1 &&
-                curStep.paramValues[0].equals("order", "2,1")) {
-                auto iterNext = iterCur;
-                ++iterNext;
-                auto &nextStep = *iterNext;
-                if (nextStep.name == "pop" &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues.size() == 1 &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues[0].key == "v_3") {
-                    d->steps_.erase(iterPrev);
-                    d->steps_.erase(iterNext);
-                    changeDone = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            // push v_3, unitconvert xy_in xy_out, axisswap order=2,1, pop v_3
-            // -> can suppress push/pop
-            if (i + 2 < d->steps_.size() && prevStep.name == "push" &&
-                prevStepParamCount == 1 &&
-                prevStep.paramValues[0].key == "v_3" &&
-                curStep.name == "unitconvert" && curStepParamCount == 2 &&
-                curStep.paramValues[0].key == "xy_in" &&
-                curStep.paramValues[1].key == "xy_out") {
-                auto iterNext = iterCur;
-                ++iterNext;
-                auto &nextStep = *iterNext;
-                auto iterNextNext = iterNext;
-                ++iterNextNext;
-                auto &nextNextStep = *iterNextNext;
-                if (nextStep.name == "axisswap" &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues.size() == 1 &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues[0].equals("order", "2,1") &&
-                    nextNextStep.name == "pop" &&
-                    nextNextStep.paramValues.size() == 1 &&
-                    nextNextStep.paramValues[0].key == "v_3") {
-                    d->steps_.erase(iterPrev);
-                    d->steps_.erase(iterNextNext);
-                    changeDone = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            // unitconvert xy_in=A xy_out=B, pop/push v_3, unitconvert xy_in=B
-            // xy_out=A -> can suppress unitconvert
-            if (i + 1 < d->steps_.size() && prevStep.name == "unitconvert" &&
-                (curStep.name == "push" || curStep.name == "pop") &&
-                prevStepParamCount == 2 &&
-                prevStep.paramValues[0].key == "xy_in" &&
-                prevStep.paramValues[1].key == "xy_out" &&
-                curStepParamCount == 1 && curStep.paramValues[0].key == "v_3") {
-                auto iterNext = iterCur;
-                ++iterNext;
-                auto &nextStep = *iterNext;
-                if (nextStep.name == "unitconvert" &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues.size() == 2 &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues[0].key == "xy_in" &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues[1].key == "xy_out" &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues[0].value ==
-                        prevStep.paramValues[1].value &&
-                    nextStep.paramValues[1].value ==
-                        prevStep.paramValues[0].value) {
-                    d->steps_.erase(iterPrev);
-                    d->steps_.erase(iterNext);
-                    changeDone = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
             // for practical purposes WGS84 and GRS80 ellipsoids are
             // equivalents (cartesian transform between both lead to differences
             // of the order of 1e-14 deg..).
diff --git a/test/unit/gie_self_tests.cpp b/test/unit/gie_self_tests.cpp
index 3c5ffa86..3f99b1b3 100644
--- a/test/unit/gie_self_tests.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/gie_self_tests.cpp
@@ -703,13 +703,16 @@ TEST(gie, proj_create_crs_to_crs_PULKOVO42_ETRS89) {
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.x, 44.999701238, 1e-9);
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.y, 24.998474948, 1e-9);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::string(proj_pj_info(P).definition),
-              "proj=pipeline step proj=push v_3 step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
-              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad step proj=cart "
+              "proj=pipeline step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
+              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad "
+              "step proj=push v_3 "
+              "step proj=cart "
               "ellps=krass step proj=helmert x=2.3287 y=-147.0425 z=-92.0802 "
               "rx=0.3092483 ry=-0.32482185 rz=-0.49729934 s=5.68906266 "
-              "convention=coordinate_frame step inv proj=cart ellps=GRS80 step "
-              "proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap "
-              "order=2,1 step proj=pop v_3");
+              "convention=coordinate_frame step inv proj=cart ellps=GRS80 "
+              "step proj=pop v_3 "
+              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap "
+              "order=2,1");
 
     c = proj_trans(P, PJ_INV, c);
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.x, 45, 1e-8);
@@ -732,12 +735,15 @@ TEST(gie, proj_create_crs_to_crs_PULKOVO42_ETRS89) {
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.x, 51.999714150, 1e-9);
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.y, 19.998187811, 1e-9);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::string(proj_pj_info(P).definition),
-              "proj=pipeline step proj=push v_3 step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
-              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad step proj=cart "
+              "proj=pipeline step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
+              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad "
+              "step proj=push v_3 "
+              "step proj=cart "
               "ellps=krass step proj=helmert x=33.4 y=-146.6 z=-76.3 rx=-0.359 "
               "ry=-0.053 rz=0.844 s=-0.84 convention=position_vector step inv "
-              "proj=cart ellps=GRS80 step proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad "
-              "xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap order=2,1 step proj=pop v_3");
+              "proj=cart ellps=GRS80 step proj=pop v_3 "
+              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad "
+              "xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap order=2,1");
 
     proj_destroy(P);
 }
diff --git a/test/unit/test_c_api.cpp b/test/unit/test_c_api.cpp
index 8cfed9ad..69472a58 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_c_api.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/test_c_api.cpp
@@ -838,14 +838,16 @@ TEST_F(CApi, proj_create_from_database) {
         ASSERT_NE(info.definition, nullptr);
         EXPECT_EQ(
             info.definition,
-            std::string("proj=pipeline step proj=push v_3 step proj=axisswap "
+            std::string("proj=pipeline step proj=axisswap "
                         "order=2,1 step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad "
+                        "step proj=push v_3 "
                         "step proj=cart ellps=bessel step proj=helmert "
                         "x=601.705 y=84.263 z=485.227 rx=-4.7354 ry=-1.3145 "
-                        "rz=-5.393 s=-2.3887 convention=coordinate_frame step "
-                        "inv proj=cart ellps=GRS80 step proj=unitconvert "
-                        "xy_in=rad xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
-                        "step proj=pop v_3"));
+                        "rz=-5.393 s=-2.3887 convention=coordinate_frame "
+                        "step inv proj=cart ellps=GRS80 "
+                        "step proj=pop v_3 "
+                        "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad xy_out=deg "
+                        "step proj=axisswap order=2,1"));
         EXPECT_EQ(info.accuracy, 1);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/unit/test_factory.cpp b/test/unit/test_factory.cpp
index 80de017f..944e0ebe 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_factory.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/test_factory.cpp
@@ -660,13 +660,13 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_helmert_3) {
                  NoSuchAuthorityCodeException);
     auto op = factory->createCoordinateOperation("1113", false);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+inv +proj=longlat +a=6378249.145 +rf=293.4663077 +step "
-              "+proj=cart +a=6378249.145 +rf=293.4663077 +step +proj=helmert "
-              "+x=-143 +y=-90 +z=-294 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step "
-              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +a=6378249.145 +rf=293.4663077 +step +proj=push "
+              "+v_3 +step +proj=cart +a=6378249.145 +rf=293.4663077 +step "
+              "+proj=helmert +x=-143 +y=-90 +z=-294 +step +inv +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -675,13 +675,13 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_helmert_7_CF) {
     auto factory = AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
     auto op = factory->createCoordinateOperation("7676", false);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=bessel +step +proj=helmert +x=577.88891 "
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=bessel +step +proj=helmert +x=577.88891 "
               "+y=165.22205 +z=391.18289 +rx=-4.9145 +ry=0.94729 +rz=13.05098 "
               "+s=7.78664 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart "
-              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg "
-              "+step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -852,15 +852,15 @@ TEST(factory,
     EXPECT_TRUE(so->validateParameters().empty());
 
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=bessel +step +proj=molobadekas +x=593.032 "
-              "+y=26 +z=478.741 +rx=0.409394387439237 +ry=-0.359705195614311 "
-              "+rz=1.86849100035057 +s=4.0772 +px=3903453.148 +py=368135.313 "
-              "+pz=5012970.306 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=bessel +step +proj=molobadekas "
+              "+x=593.032 +y=26 +z=478.741 +rx=0.409394387439237 "
+              "+ry=-0.359705195614311 +rz=1.86849100035057 +s=4.0772 "
+              "+px=3903453.148 +py=368135.313 +pz=5012970.306 "
+              "+convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 "
+              "+step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
+              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2071,12 +2071,12 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase, AuthorityFactory_wkt_based_transformation) {
     ASSERT_EQ(res.size(), 1U);
     EXPECT_EQ(res[0]->nameStr(), "My WKT string based op");
     EXPECT_EQ(res[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert "
-              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
-              "+proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
+              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/unit/test_operation.cpp b/test/unit/test_operation.cpp
index bcf3e043..8f1caecd 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_operation.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/test_operation.cpp
@@ -565,12 +565,12 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createGeocentricTranslations) {
     EXPECT_EQ(inv_transf_as_transf->getTOWGS84Parameters(), expected_inv);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert "
-              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
-              "+proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
+              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -673,13 +673,13 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createPositionVector) {
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->getTOWGS84Parameters(), expected);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 
     auto inv_transf = transf->inverse();
     ASSERT_EQ(inv_transf->coordinateOperationAccuracies().size(), 1U);
@@ -696,12 +696,12 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createPositionVector) {
 #else
     EXPECT_EQ(
         inv_transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-        "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 "
-        "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=cart "
-        "+ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 "
-        "+rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart "
-        "+ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
-        "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+        "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+        "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 +step "
+        "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 "
+        "+ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart "
+        "+ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
+        "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 
     // In WKT, use approximate formula
     auto wkt = inv_transf->exportToWKT(WKTFormatter::create().get());
@@ -742,13 +742,13 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createCoordinateFrameRotation) {
     EXPECT_EQ(params, expected);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=-4 +ry=-5 +rz=-6 +s=7 +convention=coordinate_frame +step "
-              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=-4 +ry=-5 +rz=-6 +s=7 +convention=coordinate_frame "
+              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 
     auto inv_transf = transf->inverse();
     ASSERT_EQ(inv_transf->coordinateOperationAccuracies().size(), 0U);
@@ -765,12 +765,12 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createCoordinateFrameRotation) {
 #else
     EXPECT_EQ(
         inv_transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-        "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 "
-        "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=cart "
-        "+ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=-4 +ry=-5 "
-        "+rz=-6 +s=7 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart "
-        "+ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
-        "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+        "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+        "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 +step "
+        "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
+        "+rx=-4 +ry=-5 +rz=-6 +s=7 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv "
+        "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+        "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 
     // In WKT, use approximate formula
     auto wkt = inv_transf->exportToWKT(WKTFormatter::create().get());
@@ -4203,13 +4203,14 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_context_default) {
 
         EXPECT_EQ(
             list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-            "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-            "+proj=cart +ellps=krass +step +proj=helmert +x=2.3287 "
+            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+            "+step +proj=cart +ellps=krass +step +proj=helmert +x=2.3287 "
             "+y=-147.0425 +z=-92.0802 +rx=0.3092483 +ry=-0.32482185 "
             "+rz=-0.49729934 +s=5.68906266 +convention=coordinate_frame +step "
-            "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-            "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+            "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+            "+order=2,1");
     }
 
     // Reverse case
@@ -4224,13 +4225,14 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_context_default) {
 
         EXPECT_EQ(
             list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-            "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-            "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=2.3287 "
+            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+            "+step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=2.3287 "
             "+y=-147.0425 +z=-92.0802 +rx=0.3092483 +ry=-0.32482185 "
             "+rz=-0.49729934 +s=5.68906266 +convention=coordinate_frame +step "
-            "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=krass +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-            "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+            "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=krass +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+            "+order=2,1");
     }
 }
 
@@ -4365,12 +4367,12 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_context_inverse_needed) {
         ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 2U);
         EXPECT_EQ(
             list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-            "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-            "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=-168 +y=-60 "
-            "+z=320 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert "
-            "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
-            "+proj=pop +v_3");
+            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+            "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=-168 "
+            "+y=-60 +z=320 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop "
+            "+v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
+            "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
         EXPECT_EQ(list[1]->exportToPROJString(
                       PROJStringFormatter::create(
                           PROJStringFormatter::Convention::PROJ_5,
@@ -5318,14 +5320,14 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_geogCRS_to_geogCRS) {
         boundCRS, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad "
-              "+step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5339,13 +5341,13 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_geogCRS_to_geogCRS_with_area) {
         boundCRS, authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4326"));
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk66 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk66 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5381,8 +5383,8 @@ TEST(operation, createOperation_boundCRS_identified_by_datum) {
         NN_CHECK_ASSERT(src), NN_CHECK_ASSERT(dest));
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
-              "+xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step "
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+              "+step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step "
               "+proj=helmert +x=263 +y=-6 +z=-431 +step +inv +proj=cart "
               "+ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=utm +zone=32 "
               "+ellps=clrk80ign");
@@ -5455,13 +5457,11 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_projCRS_to_geogCRS) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=push +v_3 +step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert "
-              "+x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 "
-              "+convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 "
-              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
-              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 "
+              "+rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5477,13 +5477,13 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_geogCRS_to_projCRS) {
         CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(boundCRS, utm31);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad "
-              "+step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=utm "
-              "+zone=31 +ellps=WGS84");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=WGS84");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5495,14 +5495,14 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_boundCRS_of_geogCRS) {
         GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326, boundCRS);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=longlat "
-              "+ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=grad +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 "
+              "+y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector "
+              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=grad +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5525,14 +5525,12 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_to_boundCRS) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=push +v_3 +step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert "
-              "+x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 "
-              "+convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=8 +y=9 "
-              "+z=10 +rx=11 +ry=12 +rz=13 +s=14 +convention=position_vector "
-              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
-              "+proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80");
+              "+pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 "
+              "+rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=helmert "
+              "+x=8 +y=9 +z=10 +rx=11 +ry=12 +rz=13 +s=14 "
+              "+convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 "
+              "+step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5546,12 +5544,12 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_to_boundCRS_noop_for_TOWGS84) {
                                                                     boundCRS2);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad "
-              "+step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 "
-              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
-              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +inv +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5949,13 +5947,13 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_with_boundGeogCRS_to_geogCRS) {
         compound, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5973,12 +5971,12 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_with_boundGeogCRS_and_boundVerticalCRS_to_geogCRS) {
     // Not completely sure the order of horizontal and vertical operations
     // makes sense
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad "
-              "+step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
               "+proj=vgridshift +grids=egm08_25.gtx +multiplier=1 +step "
               "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
               "+order=2,1");
@@ -6012,14 +6010,12 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_with_boundProjCRS_and_boundVerticalCRS_to_geogCRS) {
     // makes sense
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=push +v_3 +step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert "
-              "+x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 "
-              "+convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 "
-              "+step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=vgridshift +grids=egm08_25.gtx "
-              "+multiplier=1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg "
-              "+step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
+              "+pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 "
+              "+rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=vgridshift "
+              "+grids=egm08_25.gtx +multiplier=1 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 
     auto opInverse = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
         GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979, compound);
@@ -6303,9 +6299,9 @@ TEST(operation, IGNF_LAMB1_TO_EPSG_4326) {
               "+lon_0=0 +k_0=0.99987734 +x_0=600000 +y_0=200000 "
               "+ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 +step "
               "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=-168 +y=-60 "
-              "+z=320 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step "
-              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+z=320 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
+              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 
     auto list2 = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
         AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG")