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+.. _cct:
+
+================================================================================
+cct
+================================================================================
+
+.. Index:: cct
+
+.. only:: html
+
+    Coordinate Conversion and Transformation.
+
+Synopsis
+********
+
+    **cct** [**-cIostvz** [args]] *+opt[=arg]* ... file ...
+
+or
+
+    **cct** [**-cIostvz** [args]] {object_definition} file ...
+
+Where {object_definition} is one of the possibilities accepted
+by :c:func:`proj_create`, provided it expresses a coordinate operation
+
+    - a proj-string,
+    - a WKT string,
+    - an object code (like "EPSG:1671" "urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation:EPSG::1671"),
+    - an object name. e.g. "ITRF2014 to ETRF2014 (1)". In that case as
+      uniqueness is not guaranteed, heuristics are applied to determine the appropriate best match.
+    - a OGC URN combining references for concatenated operations
+      (e.g. "urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation,coordinateOperation:EPSG::3895,coordinateOperation:EPSG::1618")
+    - a PROJJSON string. The jsonschema is at https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0.0
+
+    .. note::
+
+        Before version 8.0.0 only proj-strings could be used to instantiate
+        operations in :program:`cct`.
+
+
+or
+
+    **cct** [**-cIostvz** [args]] {object_reference} file ...
+
+where {object_reference} is a filename preceded by the '@' character.  The
+file referenced by the {object_reference} must contain a valid
+{object_definition}.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0.0
+
+
+
+Description
+***********
+
+:program:`cct` is a 4D equivalent to the :program:`proj` projection program,
+performs transformation coordinate systems on a set of input points. The
+coordinate system transformation can include translation between projected
+and geographic coordinates as well as the application of datum shifts.
+
+
+The following control parameters can appear in any order:
+
+.. program:: cct
+
+.. option:: -c <x,y,z,t>
+
+    Specify input columns for (up to) 4 input parameters. Defaults to 1,2,3,4.
+
+.. option:: -d <n>
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.2.0
+
+    Specify the number of decimals in the output.
+
+.. option:: -I
+
+    Do the inverse transformation.
+
+.. option:: -o <output file name>, --output=<output file name>
+
+    Specify the name of the output file.
+
+.. option:: -t <time>, --time=<time>
+
+    Specify a fixed observation *time* to be used for all input data.
+
+.. option:: -z <height>, --height=<height>
+
+    Specify a fixed observation *height* to be used for all input data.
+
+.. option:: -s <n>, --skip-lines=<n>
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.1.0
+
+    Skip the first *n* lines of input. This applies to any kind of input, whether
+    it comes from ``STDIN``, a file or interactive user input.
+
+.. option:: -v, --verbose
+
+    Write non-essential, but potentially useful, information to stderr.
+    Repeat for additional information (``-vv``, ``-vvv``, etc.)
+
+.. option:: --version
+
+    Print version number.
+
+The *+opt* arguments are associated with coordinate operation parameters.
+Usage varies with operation.
+
+.. only:: html
+
+    For a complete description consult the :ref:`projection pages <projections>`.
+
+
+:program:`cct` is an acronym meaning *Coordinate Conversion and Transformation*.
+
+The acronym refers to definitions given in the OGC 08-015r2/ISO-19111
+standard "Geographical Information -- Spatial Referencing by Coordinates",
+which defines two different classes of *coordinate operations*:
+
+*Coordinate Conversions*, which are coordinate operations where input
+and output datum are identical (e.g. conversion from geographical to
+cartesian coordinates) and
+
+*Coordinate Transformations*, which are coordinate operations where
+input and output datums differ (e.g. change of reference frame).
+
+Use of remote grids
+*******************
+
+.. versionadded:: 7.0.0
+
+If the :envvar:`PROJ_NETWORK` environment variable is set to ``ON``,
+:program:`cct` will attempt to use remote grids stored on CDN (Content
+Delivery Network) storage, when they are not available locally.
+
+More details are available in the :ref:`network` section.
+
+Examples
+********
+
+1. The operator specs describe the action to be performed by :program:`cct`. So
+   the following script
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+      echo 12 55 0 0 | cct +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
+
+will transform the input geographic coordinates into UTM zone 32 coordinates.
+Hence, the command
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+      echo 12 55 | cct -z0 -t0 +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
+
+Should give results comparable to the classic :program:`proj` command
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+      echo 12 55 | proj +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
+
+2. Convert geographical input to UTM zone 32 on the GRS80 ellipsoid:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+      cct +proj=utm +ellps=GRS80 +zone=32
+
+3. Roundtrip accuracy check for the case above:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+      cct +proj=pipeline +proj=utm +ellps=GRS80 +zone=32 +step +step +inv
+
+4. As (2) but specify input columns for longitude, latitude, height and time:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+      cct -c 5,2,1,4 +proj=utm +ellps=GRS80 +zone=32
+
+5. As (2) but specify fixed height and time, hence needing only 2 cols in
+   input:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+      cct -t 0 -z 0 +proj=utm +ellps=GRS80 +zone=32
+
+6. Auxiliary data following the coordinate input is forward to the output
+   stream:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ echo 12 56 100 2018.0 auxiliary data | cct +proj=merc
+    1335833.8895   7522963.2411      100.0000     2018.0000 auxiliary data
+
+7. Coordinate operation referenced through its code
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ echo 3541657.3778 948984.2343 5201383.5231 2020.5 | cct EPSG:8366
+    3541657.9112    948983.7503  5201383.2482     2020.5000
+
+8. Coordinate operation referenced through its name
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ echo 3541657.3778 948984.2343 5201383.5231 2020.5 | cct "ITRF2014 to ETRF2014 (1)"
+    3541657.9112    948983.7503  5201383.2482     2020.5000
+
+Background
+**********
+
+:program:`cct` also refers to Carl Christian Tscherning (1942--2014),
+professor of Geodesy at the University of Copenhagen, mentor and advisor
+for a generation of Danish geodesists, colleague and collaborator for
+two generations of global geodesists, Secretary General for the
+International Association of Geodesy, IAG (1995--2007), fellow of the
+American Geophysical Union (1991), recipient of the IAG Levallois Medal
+(2007), the European Geosciences Union Vening Meinesz Medal (2008), and
+of numerous other honours.
+
+*cct*, or Christian, as he was known to most of us, was recognized for his
+good mood, his sharp wit, his tireless work, and his great commitment to
+the development of geodesy -- both through his scientific contributions,
+comprising more than 250 publications, and by his mentoring and teaching
+of the next generations of geodesists.
+
+As Christian was an avid Fortran programmer, and a keen Unix connoisseur,
+he would have enjoyed to know that his initials would be used to name a
+modest Unix style transformation filter, hinting at the tireless aspect
+of his personality, which was certainly one of the reasons he accomplished
+so much, and meant so much to so many people.
+
+Hence, in honour of *cct* (the geodesist) this is :program:`cct` (the program).
+
+
+.. only:: man
+
+    See also
+    ********
+
+    **proj(1)**, **cs2cs(1)**, **geod(1)**, **gie(1)**, **projinfo(1)**, **projsync(1)**
+
+    .. include:: common_man.rst