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| author | PROJ deploybot <proj.bot@proj.bot> | 2022-03-22 20:00:06 +0000 |
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| committer | PROJ deploybot <proj.bot@proj.bot> | 2022-03-22 20:00:06 +0000 |
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update with results of commit https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/commit/53c07a8bd211b7aee4bc07a9c6726005504b7181gh-pages
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accesskey="n">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> + </div> + <hr/> +</div> + <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> + <div itemprop="articleBody"> + + <section id="geod"> +<span id="id1"></span><h1>geod<a class="headerlink" href="#geod" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<section id="synopsis"> +<h2>Synopsis<a class="headerlink" href="#synopsis" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<blockquote> +<div><p><strong>geod</strong> <em>+ellps=<ellipse></em> [<strong>-afFIlptwW</strong> [args]] [<em>+opt[=arg]</em> …] file …</p> +<p><strong>invgeod</strong> <em>+ellps=<ellipse></em> [<strong>-afFIlptwW</strong> [args]] [<em>+opt[=arg]</em> …] file …</p> +</div></blockquote> +</section> +<section id="description"> +<h2>Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p><strong class="program">geod</strong> (direct) and <strong class="program">invgeod</strong> (inverse) perform geodesic +(Great Circle) computations for determining latitude, longitude and back +azimuth of a terminus point given a initial point latitude, longitude, +azimuth and distance (direct) or the forward and back azimuths and distance +between an initial and terminus point latitudes and longitudes (inverse). +The results are accurate to round off for <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(|f| < 1/50\)</span>, where +<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(f\)</span> is flattening.</p> +<p><strong class="program">invgeod</strong> may not be available on all platforms; in this case +use <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-geod-I"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">geod</span> <span class="pre">-I</span></code></a> instead.</p> +<p>The following command-line options can appear in any order:</p> +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-I"> +<span id="cmdoption-geod-i"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-I</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-I" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>Specifies that the inverse geodesic computation is to be performed. May be +used with execution of <strong class="program">geod</strong> as an alternative to <strong class="program">invgeod</strong> execution.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-a"> +<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-a</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-a" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>Latitude and longitudes of the initial and terminal points, forward and +back azimuths and distance are output.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-t-a"> +<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-t<a></span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-t-a" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>Where <em>a</em> specifies a character employed as the first character to denote a control +line to be passed through without processing.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-le"> +<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-le</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-le" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>Gives a listing of all the ellipsoids that may be selected with the +<em>+ellps=</em> option.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-lu"> +<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-lu</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-lu" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>Gives a listing of all the units that may be selected with the <em>+units=</em> +option. (Default units are meters.)</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-f"> +<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-f</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre"><format></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-f" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>Where <em>format</em> is a printf format string to control the output form of the +geographic coordinate values. The default mode is DMS.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-F"> +<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-F</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre"><format></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-F" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>Where <em>format</em> is a printf format string to control the output form of the distance +value. The default mode is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"%.3f"</span></code>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-w-n"> +<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-w<n></span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-w-n" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>Where <em>n</em> is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds +output (when the option is not specified, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-w3</span></code> is assumed).</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-W-n"> +<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-W<n></span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-W-n" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>Where <em>n</em> is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds +output. When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-W</span></code> is employed the fields will be constant width +with leading zeroes.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="std option"> +<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-geod-p"> +<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-p</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-geod-p" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><p>This option causes the azimuthal values to be output as unsigned DMS +numbers between 0 and 360 degrees. Also note <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-geod-f"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-f</span></code></a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<p>The <em>+opt</em> command-line options are associated with geodetic +parameters for specifying the ellipsoidal or sphere to use. +controls. The options are processed in left to right order +from the command line. Reentry of an option is ignored with +the first occurrence assumed to be the desired value.</p> +<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../usage/projections.html#projections-intro"><span class="std std-ref">Cartographic projection</span></a> for full +list of these parameters and controls.</p> +<p>One or more files (processed in left to right order) specify +the source of data to be transformed. A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> will specify the +location of processing standard input. If no files are specified, +the input is assumed to be from stdin.</p> +<p>For direct determinations input data must be in latitude, longitude, +azimuth and distance order and output will be latitude, +longitude and back azimuth of the terminus point. Latitude, +longitude of the initial and terminus point are input for the +inverse mode and respective forward and back azimuth from the +initial and terminus points are output along with the distance +between the points.</p> +<p>Input geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) and +azimuthal data must be in decimal degrees or DMS format and +input distance data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid +major axis or sphere radius units. The latitude must lie +in the range [-90d,90d]. Output geographic coordinates will be +in DMS (if the <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-geod-f"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-f</span></code></a> switch is not employed) to 0.001” with trailing, +zero-valued minute-second fields deleted. Output distance +data will be in the same units as the ellipsoid or sphere +radius.</p> +<p>The Earth’s ellipsoidal figure may be selected in the same manner +as program <strong class="program">proj</strong> by using <em>+ellps=</em>, <em>+a=</em>, <em>+es=</em>, etc.</p> +<p><strong class="program">geod</strong> may also be used to determine intermediate points along +either a geodesic line between two points or along an arc of +specified distance from a geographic point. In both cases an +initial point must be specified with <em>+lat_1=lat</em> and <em>+lon_1=lon</em> +parameters and either a terminus point <em>+lat_2=lat</em> and +<em>+lon_2=lon</em> or a distance and azimuth from the initial point +with <em>+S=distance</em> and <em>+A=azimuth</em> must be specified.</p> +<p>If points along a geodesic are to be determined then either +<em>+n_S=integer</em> specifying the number of intermediate points +and/or <em>+del_S=distance</em> specifying the incremental distance +between points must be specified.</p> +<p>To determine points along an arc equidistant from the initial +point both <em>+del_A=angle</em> and <em>+n_A=integer</em> must be specified +which determine the respective angular increments and number of +points to be determined.</p> +</section> +<section id="examples"> +<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>The following script determines the geodesic azimuths and distance in U.S. +statute miles from Boston, MA, to Portland, OR:</p> +<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">geod +ellps=clrk66 <<EOF -I +units=us-mi</span> +<span class="go">42d15'N 71d07'W 45d31'N 123d41'W</span> +<span class="go">EOF</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>which gives the results:</p> +<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">-66d31'50.141" 75d39'13.083" 2587.504</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>where the first two values are the azimuth from Boston to Portland, +the back azimuth from Portland to Boston followed by the distance.</p> +<p>An example of forward geodesic use is to use the Boston location +and determine Portland’s location by azimuth and distance:</p> +<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">geod +ellps=clrk66 <<EOF +units=us-mi</span> +<span class="go">42d15'N 71d07'W -66d31'50.141" 2587.504</span> +<span class="go">EOF</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>which gives:</p> +<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">45d31'0.003"N 123d40'59.985"W 75d39'13.094"</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="admonition-title">Note</p> +<p>Lack of precision in the distance value compromises the +precision of the Portland location.</p> +</div> +</section> +<section id="further-reading"> +<h2>Further reading<a class="headerlink" href="#further-reading" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<ol class="arabic simple"> +<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io">GeographicLib</a>.</p></li> +<li><p>C. F. F. Karney, <a class="reference external" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z">Algorithms for Geodesics</a>, J. Geodesy <strong>87</strong>(1), 43–55 (2013); +<a class="reference external" href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/geod-addenda.html">addenda</a>.</p></li> +<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/geodesic-papers/biblio.html">A geodesic bibliography</a>.</p></li> +</ol> +</section> +</section> + + + </div> + </div> + <footer><div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer"> + <a href="cs2cs.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-left" title="cs2cs" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a> + <a href="gie.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="gie" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> + </div> + + <hr/> + + <div role="contentinfo"> + <p>© Copyright 1983-2022. + <span class="lastupdated">Last updated on 22 Mar 2022. + </span></p> + </div> + + Built with <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a + <a href="https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> + provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. + + +</footer> + </div> + </div> + </section> + </div> + <script> + jQuery(function () { + SphinxRtdTheme.Navigation.enable(true); + }); + </script> + +</body> +</html>
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