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authorKristian Evers <kristianevers@gmail.com>2017-08-28 08:07:48 +0200
committerKristian Evers <kristianevers@gmail.com>2017-08-31 23:46:25 +0200
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Major restructure and rewrite of docs.
A section on "Using PROJ.4" has been introduced giving a introduction on how to use PROJ.4. The Parameters section has been removed and the content reworked into other sections. Additionally the order of chapters has been changed to provide a more complete and readable experience for users of the documentation.
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-:. _proj:
-
-================================================================================
-proj
-================================================================================
-
-
-.. Index:: proj
-
-Proj and invproj perform respective forward and inverse transformation of cartographic data to
-or from cartesian data with a wide range of selectable projection functions.
-
-
-Synopsis
-********
-::
-
- proj [ -bcCeEfiIlmorsStTvVwW [ args ] ] [ +args ] file[s]
- invproj [ -bcCeEfiIlmorsStTwW [ args ] ] [ +args ] file[s]
-
-
-Description
-***********
-The following control parameters can appear in any order
-
-::
-
- -b Special option for binary coordinate data input and output through standard input
- and standard output. Data is assumed to be in system type double floating point
- words. This option is to be used when proj is a son process and allows bypassing
- formatting operations.
-
- -i Selects binary input only (see -b option).
-
- -C Check. Invoke all built in self tests and report. Get more verbose report by
- preceding with the -V option).
-
- -I alternate method to specify inverse projection. Redundant when used with invproj.
-
- -o Selects binary output only (see -b option).
-
- -ta A specifies a character employed as the first character to denote a control line
- to be passed through without processing. This option applicable to ascii input
- only. (# is the default value).
-
- -e string
- String is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is detected during data
- transformations. The default value is: *\t*. Note that if the -b, -i or -o
- options are employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VAL value for both return values.
-
- -E causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line prior to printing the
- converted values.
-
-
- -l[p|P|=|e|u|d]id
- List projection identifiers with -l, -lp or -lP (expanded) that can be selected
- with +proj. -l=id gives expanded description of projection id. List
- ellipsoid identifiers with -le, that can be selected with +ellps, -lu list of
- cartesian to meter conversion factors that can be selected with +units or -ld
- list of datums that can be selected with +datum.
-
- -r This options reverses the order of the expected input from longitude-latitude or
- x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.
-
- -s This options reverses the order of the output from x-y or longitude-latitude to
- y-x or latitude-longitude.
-
- -S Causes estimation of meridinal and parallel scale factors, area scale factor and
- angular distortion, and maximum and minimum scale factors to be listed between <>
- for each input point. For conformal projections meridinal and parallel scales
- factors will be equal and angular distortion zero. Equal area projections will
- have an area factor of 1.
-
- -m mult
- The cartesian data may be scaled by the mult parameter. When processing data in
- a forward projection mode the cartesian output values are multiplied by mult
- otherwise the input cartesian values are divided by mult before inverse projection.
- If the first two characters of mult are 1/ or 1: then the reciprocal value of mult
- is employed.
-
- -f format
- Format is a printf format string to control the form of the output values. For
- inverse projections, the output will be in degrees when this option is employed.
- The default format is "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS for inverse.
-
- -[w|W]n
- N is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds output (when
- the option is not specified, -w3 is assumed). When -W is employed the fields
- will be constant width and with leading zeroes.
-
- -v causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and used by the
- program to be printed prior to input data. Should not be used with the -T
- option.
-
- -V This option causes an expanded annotated listing of the characteristics of the
- projected point. -v is implied with this option.
-
- -T ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax]
- This option creates a set of bivariate Chebyshev polynomial coefficients that
- approximate the selected cartographic projection on stdout. The values low and
- hi denote the range of the input where the u or v prefixes apply to respective
- longitude-x or latitude-y depending upon whether a forward or inverse projection
- is selected. Res is an integer number specifying the power of 10 precision of
- the approximation. For example, a res of -3 specifies an approximation with an
- accuracy better than .001. Umax, and vmax specify maximum degree of the polynomials
- (default: 15).
-
-
-The ``+args`` run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parameters. Usage varies with
-projection and for a complete description consult the `projection pages <../projections/index.html>`_
-
-Additional projection control parameters may be
-contained in two auxiliary control files: the
-first is optionally referenced with the
-``+init=file:id`` and the second is always processed
-after the name of the projection has been established
-from either the run-line or the contents
-of +init file. The environment parameter
-``PROJ_LIB`` establishes the default directory for a
-file reference without an absolute path. This
-is also used for supporting files like datum
-shift files.
-
-One or more files (processed in left to right
-order) specify the source of data to be trans-
-formed. A - will specify the location of pro-
-cessing standard input. If no files are speci-
-fied, the input is assumed to be from stdin.
-For ASCII input data the two data values must be
-in the first two white space separated fields
-and when both input and output are ASCII all
-trailing portions of the input line are appended
-to the output line.
-
-Input geographic data (longitude and latitude)
-must be in DMS format and input cartesian data
-must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid
-major axis or sphere radius units. Output geo-
-graphic coordinates will be in DMS (if the -w
-switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001"
-with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields
-deleted.
-
-Example
-*******
-The following script
-
-::
-
- proj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66
- -r <<EOF
- 45d15'33.1" 111.5W
- 45d15.551666667N -111d30
- +45.25919444444 111d30'000w
- EOF
-
-will perform UTM forward projection with a stan-
-dard UTM central meridian nearest longitude
-112W. The geographic values of this example are
-equivalent and meant as examples of various
-forms of DMS input. The x-y output data will
-appear as three lines of::
-
- 460769.27 5011648.45