Fix and additional options for Peirce Quincuncial projections (#2978)

This fixes the current forward implementation of Peirce Quincuncial proj to correctly flip/reflect out the southern hemisphere to four triangles, and rotate entire result to a square or diamond. (It there resolves the issues identified with pull request https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/pull/2230 , where southern hemisphere was wrongly projected over northern, and reverses the restriction to northern hemisphere introduced there). It also adds additional lateral projection of the hemispheres.

- This PR adds an optional parameter `+type` which allows selection of projection. The `+type=square` and `+type=diamond` types match in principle ESRI's twin implementations of square and diamond PQ projs. The **default** if not specified is `+type=diamond`.

- The previous behaviour restricted to the northern hemisphere can be reproduced using the `+type=nhemisphere`, though this is an edge case only.

- An additional `+type=horizontal` and `+type=vertical` rectangular lateral versions have been added that place each hemisphere side-by-side. This is primarily to allow creation of projections such as Greiger Triptychial, which also require the additional optional params `scrollx` or `scrolly` in order to shift parts of the projection from one side of the map to the other. 

- Additional documentation has been added to proj description, including quoting the usual meridian used in common usage of projection, and images showing the different types.

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