Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master'

author: Andrew Bell <andrew.bell.ia@gmail.com> 2019-05-15 10:47:03 -0400
committer: Andrew Bell <andrew.bell.ia@gmail.com> 2019-05-15 10:47:03 -0400
commit: 8f268409d37cea329d263e177b83e42f8384d3c7 (patch)
tree: c4d0f3dd19456600f718a6e0c8573577f433549b /test
parent: 886ced02f0aaab5d66d16459435f7447cf976650 (diff)
parent: d67203a6f76a74f5ac029ff052dbcc72e3b59624 (diff)
download: PROJ-8f268409d37cea329d263e177b83e42f8384d3c7.tar.gz
PROJ-8f268409d37cea329d263e177b83e42f8384d3c7.zip
66 files changed, 5593 insertions, 1410 deletions
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index b618091b..ae721d46 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ proj_add_gie_test("GIGS-5101.1-jhs" "gigs/5101.1-jhs.gie")
 proj_add_gie_test("GIGS-5101.2-jhs" "gigs/5101.2-jhs.gie")
 proj_add_gie_test("GIGS-5101.3-jhs" "gigs/5101.3-jhs.gie")
 proj_add_gie_test("GIGS-5101.4-jhs-etmerc" "gigs/5101.4-jhs-etmerc.gie")
-#proj_add_gie_test("GIGS-5101.4-jhs" "gigs/5101.4-jhs.gie") # Same as above, but using etmerc instead of tmerc
+# Same as above, but using etmerc instead of tmerc
+#proj_add_gie_test("GIGS-5101.4-jhs" "gigs/5101.4-jhs.gie")
 proj_add_gie_test("GIGS-5102.1" "gigs/5102.1.gie")
 #proj_add_gie_test("GIGS-5102.2" "gigs/5102.2.gie")
 proj_add_gie_test("GIGS-5103.1" "gigs/5103.1.gie")
diff --git a/test/cli/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cli/CMakeLists.txt
index 0c4ccf1b..4e1ab75a 100644
--- a/test/cli/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/cli/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ set(CS2CS_BIN "cs2cs")
 set(PROJ_BIN "proj")
 set(PROJINFO_BIN "projinfo")
 set(CCT_BIN "cct")
-proj_add_test_script_sh("test27" PROJ_BIN )
-proj_add_test_script_sh("test83" PROJ_BIN )
-proj_add_test_script_sh("testvarious" CS2CS_BIN )
+proj_add_test_script_sh("test27" PROJ_BIN)
+proj_add_test_script_sh("test83" PROJ_BIN)
+proj_add_test_script_sh("testvarious" CS2CS_BIN)
 proj_add_test_script_sh("testdatumfile" CS2CS_BIN "connu")
 proj_add_test_script_sh("testIGNF" CS2CS_BIN "ntf_r93.gsb")
 proj_add_test_script_sh("testntv2" CS2CS_BIN "ntv2_0.gsb")
-proj_add_test_script_sh("testprojinfo" PROJINFO_BIN )
-proj_add_test_script_sh("testcct" CCT_BIN )
+proj_add_test_script_sh("testprojinfo" PROJINFO_BIN)
+proj_add_test_script_sh("testcct" CCT_BIN)
diff --git a/test/cli/Makefile.am b/test/cli/Makefile.am
index c0bc0871..47cb1e7f 100644
--- a/test/cli/Makefile.am
+++ b/test/cli/Makefile.am
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Executables paths passed to test scripts
-DATAPATH = ../../data
+PROJ_LIB ?= ../../data
 THIS_DIR = $(top_srcdir)/test/cli
 EXEPATH = ../../src
 PROJEXE = $(EXEPATH)/proj
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ EXTRA_DIST = pj_out27.dist pj_out83.dist td_out.dist \
 		CMakeLists.txt
 
 testprojinfo-check:
-	PROJ_LIB=$(DATAPATH) $(TESTPROJINFO) $(PROJINFOEXE)
+	PROJ_LIB=$(PROJ_LIB) $(TESTPROJINFO) $(PROJINFOEXE)
 
 test27-check:
 	$(TEST27) $(PROJEXE)
@@ -36,24 +36,24 @@ test83-check:
 	$(TEST83) $(PROJEXE)
 
 testvarious-check:
-	PROJ_LIB=$(DATAPATH) $(TESTVARIOUS) $(CS2CSEXE)
+	PROJ_LIB=$(PROJ_LIB) $(TESTVARIOUS) $(CS2CSEXE)
 
 testdatumfile-check:
-	@if [ -f $(DATAPATH)/conus -a -f $(DATAPATH)/ntv1_can.dat -a -f $(DATAPATH)/MD -a -f $(DATAPATH)/ntf_r93.gsb ]; then \
-	  PROJ_LIB=$(DATAPATH) $(TESTDATUMFILE) $(CS2CSEXE) ; \
+	@if [ -f $(PROJ_LIB)/conus -a -f $(PROJ_LIB)/ntv1_can.dat -a -f $(PROJ_LIB)/MD -a -f $(PROJ_LIB)/ntf_r93.gsb ]; then \
+	  PROJ_LIB=$(PROJ_LIB) $(TESTDATUMFILE) $(CS2CSEXE) ; \
 	fi
 
 testign-check:
-	@if [ -f $(DATAPATH)/ntf_r93.gsb ] ; then \
-	  PROJ_LIB=$(DATAPATH) $(TESTIGN) $(CS2CSEXE) ; \
+	@if [ -f $(PROJ_LIB)/ntf_r93.gsb ] ; then \
+	  PROJ_LIB=$(PROJ_LIB) $(TESTIGN) $(CS2CSEXE) ; \
 	fi
 
 testntv2-check:
-	@if [ -f $(DATAPATH)/ntv2_0.gsb ] ; then \
-	  PROJ_LIB=$(DATAPATH) $(TESTNTV2) $(CS2CSEXE) ; \
+	@if [ -f $(PROJ_LIB)/ntv2_0.gsb ] ; then \
+	  PROJ_LIB=$(PROJ_LIB) $(TESTNTV2) $(CS2CSEXE) ; \
 	fi
 
 testcct-check:
-	PROJ_LIB=$(DATAPATH) $(TESTCCT) $(CCTEXE)
+	PROJ_LIB=$(PROJ_LIB) $(TESTCCT) $(CCTEXE)
 
 check-local: testprojinfo-check test27-check test83-check testvarious-check testdatumfile-check testign-check testntv2-check testcct-check
diff --git a/test/cli/test27 b/test/cli/test27
index 43c060d8..bfc1cb0a 100755
--- a/test/cli/test27
+++ b/test/cli/test27
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #   Mercator due to greater precision of meridional distance function.
 #
 TEST_CLI_DIR=`dirname $0`
-DATA_DIR=`dirname $0`/../../data
 EXE=$1
 
 usage()
@@ -26,12 +25,16 @@ if test ! -x ${EXE}; then
     exit 1
 fi
 
+if test -z "${PROJ_LIB}"; then
+    export PROJ_LIB="`dirname $0`/../../data"
+fi
+
 echo "============================================"
 echo "Running ${0} using ${EXE}:"
 echo "============================================"
 
 OUT=proj_out27
-INIT_FILE=${DATA_DIR}/nad27
+INIT_FILE=${PROJ_LIB}/nad27
 #
 echo "doing tests into file ${OUT}, please wait"
 #
@@ -833,7 +836,7 @@ EOF
 #
 # do 'diff' with distribution results
 echo "diff ${OUT} with pj_out27.dist"
-diff -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/pj_out27.dist
+diff -u -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/pj_out27.dist
 if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
 	echo  ""
 	echo "PROBLEMS HAVE OCCURRED"
diff --git a/test/cli/test83 b/test/cli/test83
index 82b491a7..cfb1365e 100755
--- a/test/cli/test83
+++ b/test/cli/test83
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #   Mercator due to greater precision of meridional distance function.
 #
 TEST_CLI_DIR=`dirname $0`
-DATA_DIR=`dirname $0`/../../data
 EXE=$1
 
 usage()
@@ -27,12 +26,16 @@ if test ! -x ${EXE}; then
     exit 1
 fi
 
+if test -z "${PROJ_LIB}"; then
+    export PROJ_LIB="`dirname $0`/../../data"
+fi
+
 echo "============================================"
 echo "Running ${0} using ${EXE}:"
 echo "============================================"
 
 OUT=proj_out83
-INIT_FILE=${DATA_DIR}/nad83
+INIT_FILE=${PROJ_LIB}/nad83
 #
 echo "doing tests into file ${OUT}, please wait"
 #
@@ -714,7 +717,7 @@ EOF
 #
 # do 'diff' with distribution results
 echo "diff ${OUT} with pj_out83.dist"
-diff -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/pj_out83.dist
+diff -u -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/pj_out83.dist
 if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
 	echo  ""
 	echo "PROBLEMS HAVE OCCURRED"
diff --git a/test/cli/testIGNF b/test/cli/testIGNF
index 0fa04e84..aa8c3354 100755
--- a/test/cli/testIGNF
+++ b/test/cli/testIGNF
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #               the gsb grid is still ok
 
 TEST_CLI_DIR=`dirname $0`
-DATA_DIR=`dirname $0`/../../data
 EXE=$1
 
 usage()
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ if test ! -x ${EXE}; then
 fi
 
 if test -z "${PROJ_LIB}"; then
-    export PROJ_LIB=${DATA_DIR}
+    export PROJ_LIB="`dirname $0`/../../data"
 fi
 
 echo "============================================"
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ EOF
 #
 # do 'diff' with distribution results
 echo "diff ${OUT} with ${OUT}.dist"
-diff -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
+diff -u -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
 if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
 echo  ""
 echo "PROBLEMS HAVE OCCURRED"
diff --git a/test/cli/testcct b/test/cli/testcct
index 93749052..3fb0dd95 100755
--- a/test/cli/testcct
+++ b/test/cli/testcct
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # Test cct
 
 TEST_CLI_DIR=`dirname $0`
-DATA_DIR=`dirname $0`/../../data
 EXE=$1
 
 usage()
diff --git a/test/cli/testdatumfile b/test/cli/testdatumfile
index e8995150..5b56f077 100755
--- a/test/cli/testdatumfile
+++ b/test/cli/testdatumfile
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #
 #
 TEST_CLI_DIR=`dirname $0`
-DATA_DIR=`dirname $0`/../../data
 EXE=$1
 
 usage()
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ rm -rf "dir with \" space"
 # Done!     
 # do 'diff' with distribution results
 echo "diff ${OUT} with ${OUT}.dist"
-diff -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
+diff -u -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
 if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
 	echo  ""
 	echo "PROBLEMS HAVE OCCURRED"
diff --git a/test/cli/testflaky b/test/cli/testflaky
index af56a9cd..23580146 100755
--- a/test/cli/testflaky
+++ b/test/cli/testflaky
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #
 #
 TEST_CLI_DIR=`dirname $0`
-DATA_DIR=`dirname $0`/../../data
 EXE=$1
 
 usage()
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ EOF
 # Done!
 # do 'diff' with distribution results
 echo "diff ${OUT} with ${OUT}.dist"
-diff -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
+diff -u -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
 if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
 	echo  ""
 	echo "PROBLEMS HAVE OCCURRED"
diff --git a/test/cli/testntv2 b/test/cli/testntv2
index e82026fc..73371dbe 100755
--- a/test/cli/testntv2
+++ b/test/cli/testntv2
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #
 #
 TEST_CLI_DIR=`dirname $0`
-DATA_DIR=`dirname $0`/../../data
 EXE=$1
 
 usage()
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ EOF
 # Done! 
 # do 'diff' with distribution results
 echo "diff ${OUT} with ${OUT}.dist"
-diff -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
+diff -u -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
 if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
 	echo  ""
 	echo "PROBLEMS HAVE OCCURRED"
diff --git a/test/cli/testprojinfo b/test/cli/testprojinfo
index 111c071e..d8569a76 100755
--- a/test/cli/testprojinfo
+++ b/test/cli/testprojinfo
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # Test projinfo
 
 TEST_CLI_DIR=`dirname $0`
-DATA_DIR=`dirname $0`/../../data
 EXE=$1
 
 usage()
@@ -29,6 +28,8 @@ OUT=testprojinfo_out
 
 rm -f ${OUT}
 
+export PROJINFO_NO_GRID_CHECK=YES
+
 echo "Testing projinfo EPSG:4326" >> ${OUT}
 $EXE EPSG:4326 >>${OUT}
 echo "" >>${OUT}
@@ -53,6 +54,10 @@ echo "Testing projinfo -s EPSG:4326 -t EPSG:32631" >> ${OUT}
 $EXE -s EPSG:4326 -t EPSG:32631 >>${OUT}
 echo "" >>${OUT}
 
+echo "Testing projinfo -s NAD27 -t NAD83" >> ${OUT}
+$EXE -s NAD27 -t NAD83 >>${OUT}
+echo "" >>${OUT}
+
 echo "Testing projinfo -s NAD27 -t NAD83 --grid-check none --spatial-test intersects --summary" >> ${OUT}
 $EXE -s NAD27 -t NAD83 --grid-check none --spatial-test intersects --summary >>${OUT}
 echo "" >>${OUT}
@@ -98,6 +103,18 @@ echo "Testing CRS with towgs84: projinfo -o PROJ EPSG:25832" >> ${OUT}
 $EXE -o PROJ EPSG:25832 >>${OUT} 2>&1
 echo "" >>${OUT}
 
+echo "Testing RH2000 height to SWEREF99: projinfo -s EPSG:5613 -t EPSG:4977" >> ${OUT}
+$EXE -s EPSG:5613 -t EPSG:4977 >>${OUT} 2>&1
+echo "" >>${OUT}
+
+echo "Testing NAD83(2011) + NAVD88 height -> NAD83(2011) : projinfo -s EPSG:6349 -t EPSG:6319 --spatial-test intersects -o PROJ" >> ${OUT}
+$EXE -s EPSG:6349 -t EPSG:6319 --spatial-test intersects -o PROJ >>${OUT} 2>&1
+echo "" >>${OUT}
+
+echo "Testing NGF IGN69 height to RGF93: projinfo -s EPSG:5720 -t EPSG:4965 -o PROJ" >> ${OUT}
+$EXE -s EPSG:5720 -t EPSG:4965 -o PROJ >>${OUT} 2>&1
+echo "" >>${OUT}
+
 # do 'diff' with distribution results
 echo "diff ${OUT} with testprojinfo_out.dist"
 diff -u ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/testprojinfo_out.dist
diff --git a/test/cli/testprojinfo_out.dist b/test/cli/testprojinfo_out.dist
index ebc59c40..ea0f4983 100644
--- a/test/cli/testprojinfo_out.dist
+++ b/test/cli/testprojinfo_out.dist
@@ -136,6 +136,10 @@ GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984",DATUM["D_WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137.0,298.25722
 
 
 Testing projinfo -s EPSG:4326 -t EPSG:32631
+Candidate operations found: 1
+-------------------------------------
+Operation n°1:
+
 EPSG:16031, UTM zone 31N, 0 m, World - N hemisphere - 0°E to 6°E
 
 PROJ string:
@@ -162,17 +166,74 @@ CONVERSION["UTM zone 31N",
         ID["EPSG",8807]],
     ID["EPSG",16031]]
 
+Testing projinfo -s NAD27 -t NAD83
+Candidate operations found: 1
+Note: using '--spatial-test intersects' would bring more results (7)
+-------------------------------------
+Operation n°1:
+
+unknown id, Ballpark geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83, unknown accuracy, World, has ballpark transformation
+
+PROJ string:
++proj=noop
+
+WKT2_2018 string:
+COORDINATEOPERATION["Ballpark geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83",
+    SOURCECRS[
+        GEOGCRS["NAD27",
+            DATUM["North American Datum 1927",
+                ELLIPSOID["Clarke 1866",6378206.4,294.978698213898,
+                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
+            PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
+                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            CS[ellipsoidal,2],
+                AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
+                    ORDER[1],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+                AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
+                    ORDER[2],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4267]]],
+    TARGETCRS[
+        GEOGCRS["NAD83",
+            DATUM["North American Datum 1983",
+                ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
+                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
+            PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
+                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            CS[ellipsoidal,2],
+                AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
+                    ORDER[1],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+                AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
+                    ORDER[2],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4269]]],
+    METHOD["Geographic2D offsets",
+        ID["EPSG",9619]],
+    PARAMETER["Latitude offset",0,
+        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+        ID["EPSG",8601]],
+    PARAMETER["Longitude offset",0,
+        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+        ID["EPSG",8602]],
+    USAGE[
+        SCOPE["unknown"],
+        AREA["World"],
+        BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]]]
+
 Testing projinfo -s NAD27 -t NAD83 --grid-check none --spatial-test intersects --summary
 Candidate operations found: 7
 DERIVED_FROM(EPSG):1312, NAD27 to NAD83 (3), 1.0 m, Canada
 DERIVED_FROM(EPSG):1313, NAD27 to NAD83 (4), 1.5 m, Canada - NAD27
 DERIVED_FROM(EPSG):1241, NAD27 to NAD83 (1), 0.15 m, USA - CONUS including EEZ
 DERIVED_FROM(EPSG):1243, NAD27 to NAD83 (2), 0.5 m, USA - Alaska including EEZ
-unknown id, Null geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83, unknown accuracy, World
 EPSG:1462, NAD27 to NAD83 (5), 1.0 m, Canada - Quebec
 EPSG:1573, NAD27 to NAD83 (6), 1.5 m, Canada - Quebec
+unknown id, Ballpark geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83, unknown accuracy, World, has ballpark transformation
 
 Testing projinfo -s NAD27 -t NAD83 --grid-check none --spatial-test intersects
+Candidate operations found: 7
 -------------------------------------
 Operation n°1:
 
@@ -196,7 +257,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (3)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4267]]],
     TARGETCRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD83",
             DATUM["North American Datum 1983",
@@ -210,7 +272,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (3)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4269]]],
     METHOD["NTv1",
         ID["EPSG",9614]],
     PARAMETERFILE["Latitude and longitude difference file","ntv1_can.dat"],
@@ -244,7 +307,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (4)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4267]]],
     TARGETCRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD83",
             DATUM["North American Datum 1983",
@@ -258,7 +322,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (4)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4269]]],
     METHOD["NTv2",
         ID["EPSG",9615]],
     PARAMETERFILE["Latitude and longitude difference file","ntv2_0.gsb"],
@@ -292,7 +357,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (1)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4267]]],
     TARGETCRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD83",
             DATUM["North American Datum 1983",
@@ -306,7 +372,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (1)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4269]]],
     METHOD["CTABLE2"],
     PARAMETERFILE["Latitude and longitude difference file","conus"],
     OPERATIONACCURACY[0.15],
@@ -339,7 +406,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (2)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4267]]],
     TARGETCRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD83",
             DATUM["North American Datum 1983",
@@ -353,7 +421,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (2)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4269]]],
     METHOD["CTABLE2"],
     PARAMETERFILE["Latitude and longitude difference file","alaska"],
     OPERATIONACCURACY[0.5],
@@ -366,13 +435,14 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (2)",
 -------------------------------------
 Operation n°5:
 
-unknown id, Null geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83, unknown accuracy, World
+EPSG:1462, NAD27 to NAD83 (5), 1.0 m, Canada - Quebec
 
 PROJ string:
-
++proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=GS2783v1.QUE +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
 
 WKT2_2018 string:
-COORDINATEOPERATION["Null geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83",
+COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (5)",
+    VERSION["SGQ-Can QC NT1"],
     SOURCECRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD27",
             DATUM["North American Datum 1927",
@@ -387,10 +457,6 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["Null geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83",
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
-            USAGE[
-                SCOPE["unknown"],
-                AREA["North America - NAD27"],
-                BBOX[7.15,167.65,83.17,-47.74]],
             ID["EPSG",4267]]],
     TARGETCRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD83",
@@ -406,34 +472,28 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["Null geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83",
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
-            USAGE[
-                SCOPE["unknown"],
-                AREA["North America - NAD83"],
-                BBOX[14.92,167.65,86.46,-47.74]],
             ID["EPSG",4269]]],
-    METHOD["Geographic2D offsets",
-        ID["EPSG",9619]],
-    PARAMETER["Latitude offset",0,
-        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
-        ID["EPSG",8601]],
-    PARAMETER["Longitude offset",0,
-        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
-        ID["EPSG",8602]],
+    METHOD["NTv1",
+        ID["EPSG",9614]],
+    PARAMETERFILE["Latitude and longitude difference file","GS2783v1.QUE"],
+    OPERATIONACCURACY[1.0],
     USAGE[
         SCOPE["unknown"],
-        AREA["World"],
-        BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]]]
+        AREA["Canada - Quebec"],
+        BBOX[44.99,-79.85,62.62,-57.1]],
+    ID["EPSG",1462]]
 
 -------------------------------------
 Operation n°6:
 
-EPSG:1462, NAD27 to NAD83 (5), 1.0 m, Canada - Quebec
+EPSG:1573, NAD27 to NAD83 (6), 1.5 m, Canada - Quebec
 
 PROJ string:
-+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=GS2783v1.QUE +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
++proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=QUE27-83.gsb +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
 
 WKT2_2018 string:
-COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (5)",
+COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (6)",
+    VERSION["SGQ-Can QC NT2"],
     SOURCECRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD27",
             DATUM["North American Datum 1927",
@@ -447,7 +507,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (5)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4267]]],
     TARGETCRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD83",
             DATUM["North American Datum 1983",
@@ -461,27 +522,28 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (5)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
-    METHOD["NTv1",
-        ID["EPSG",9614]],
-    PARAMETERFILE["Latitude and longitude difference file","GS2783v1.QUE"],
-    OPERATIONACCURACY[1.0],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4269]]],
+    METHOD["NTv2",
+        ID["EPSG",9615]],
+    PARAMETERFILE["Latitude and longitude difference file","QUE27-83.gsb"],
+    OPERATIONACCURACY[1.5],
     USAGE[
         SCOPE["unknown"],
         AREA["Canada - Quebec"],
         BBOX[44.99,-79.85,62.62,-57.1]],
-    ID["EPSG",1462]]
+    ID["EPSG",1573]]
 
 -------------------------------------
 Operation n°7:
 
-EPSG:1573, NAD27 to NAD83 (6), 1.5 m, Canada - Quebec
+unknown id, Ballpark geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83, unknown accuracy, World, has ballpark transformation
 
 PROJ string:
-+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=QUE27-83.gsb +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
++proj=noop
 
 WKT2_2018 string:
-COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (6)",
+COORDINATEOPERATION["Ballpark geographic offset from NAD27 to NAD83",
     SOURCECRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD27",
             DATUM["North American Datum 1927",
@@ -495,7 +557,8 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (6)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4267]]],
     TARGETCRS[
         GEOGCRS["NAD83",
             DATUM["North American Datum 1983",
@@ -509,16 +572,20 @@ COORDINATEOPERATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (6)",
                     ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                 AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                     ORDER[2],
-                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]]],
-    METHOD["NTv2",
-        ID["EPSG",9615]],
-    PARAMETERFILE["Latitude and longitude difference file","QUE27-83.gsb"],
-    OPERATIONACCURACY[1.5],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            ID["EPSG",4269]]],
+    METHOD["Geographic2D offsets",
+        ID["EPSG",9619]],
+    PARAMETER["Latitude offset",0,
+        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+        ID["EPSG",8601]],
+    PARAMETER["Longitude offset",0,
+        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+        ID["EPSG",8602]],
     USAGE[
         SCOPE["unknown"],
-        AREA["Canada - Quebec"],
-        BBOX[44.99,-79.85,62.62,-57.1]],
-    ID["EPSG",1573]]
+        AREA["World"],
+        BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]]]
 
 Testing projinfo -s EPSG:4230 -t EPSG:4258 --bbox 8,54.51,15.24,57.8 --summary
 Candidate operations found: 1
@@ -564,7 +631,8 @@ PROJCRS["Monte Mario (Rome) / Italy zone 1",
             ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,
                 LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
         PRIMEM["Rome",12.4523333333333,
-            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]],
+            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+        ID["EPSG",4806]],
     CONVERSION["Italy zone 1",
         METHOD["Transverse Mercator",
             ID["EPSG",9807]],
@@ -625,3 +693,93 @@ Testing CRS with towgs84: projinfo -o PROJ EPSG:25832
 PROJ.4 string:
 +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs +type=crs
 
+Testing RH2000 height to SWEREF99: projinfo -s EPSG:5613 -t EPSG:4977
+Candidate operations found: 1
+-------------------------------------
+Operation n°1:
+
+PROJ:EPSG_5613_TO_EPSG_4977, RH2000 height to SWEREF99, unknown accuracy, Sweden - onshore
+
+PROJ string:
++proj=vgridshift +grids=SWEN17_RH2000.gtx +multiplier=1
+
+WKT2_2018 string:
+COORDINATEOPERATION["RH2000 height to SWEREF99",
+    SOURCECRS[
+        VERTCRS["RH2000 height",
+            VDATUM["Rikets hojdsystem 2000"],
+            CS[vertical,1],
+                AXIS["gravity-related height (H)",up,
+                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
+            ID["EPSG",5613]]],
+    TARGETCRS[
+        GEOGCRS["SWEREF99",
+            DATUM["SWEREF99",
+                ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
+                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
+            PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
+                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+            CS[ellipsoidal,3],
+                AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
+                    ORDER[1],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+                AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
+                    ORDER[2],
+                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+                AXIS["ellipsoidal height (h)",up,
+                    ORDER[3],
+                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
+            ID["EPSG",4977]]],
+    METHOD["GravityRelatedHeight to Geographic3D",
+        ID["PROJ","HEIGHT_TO_GEOGRAPHIC3D"]],
+    PARAMETERFILE["Geoid (height correction) model file","SWEN17_RH2000.gtx"],
+    USAGE[
+        SCOPE["unknown"],
+        AREA["Sweden - onshore"],
+        BBOX[55.28,10.93,69.07,24.17]],
+    ID["PROJ","EPSG_5613_TO_EPSG_4977"]]
+
+Testing NAD83(2011) + NAVD88 height -> NAD83(2011) : projinfo -s EPSG:6349 -t EPSG:6319 --spatial-test intersects -o PROJ
+Candidate operations found: 2
+-------------------------------------
+Operation n°1:
+
+unknown id, Inverse of NAD83(2011) to NAVD88 height (1), 0.1 m, USA - CONUS - onshore
+
+PROJ string:
++proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=vgridshift +grids=g2012bu0.gtx +multiplier=1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
+
+-------------------------------------
+Operation n°2:
+
+unknown id, Inverse of NAD83(2011) to NAVD88 height (2), 0.2 m, USA - Alaska
+
+PROJ string:
++proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=vgridshift +grids=g2012ba0.gtx +multiplier=1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
+
+Testing NGF IGN69 height to RGF93: projinfo -s EPSG:5720 -t EPSG:4965 -o PROJ
+Candidate operations found: 3
+-------------------------------------
+Operation n°1:
+
+INVERSE(DERIVED_FROM(EPSG)):8885, Inverse of RGF93 to NGF IGN69 height (3), 0.01 m, France - mainland onshore
+
+PROJ string:
++proj=vgridshift +grids=RAF18.gtx +multiplier=1
+
+-------------------------------------
+Operation n°2:
+
+INVERSE(DERIVED_FROM(EPSG)):8371, Inverse of RGF93 to NGF IGN69 height (2), 0.02 m, France - mainland onshore
+
+PROJ string:
++proj=vgridshift +grids=RAF09.gtx +multiplier=1
+
+-------------------------------------
+Operation n°3:
+
+INVERSE(EPSG):10000, Inverse of RGF93 to NGF IGN69 height (1), 0.5 m, France - mainland onshore
+
+PROJ string:
++proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=vgridshift +grids=ggf97a.txt +multiplier=1
+
diff --git a/test/cli/testvarious b/test/cli/testvarious
index c1fa61df..2e2d854c 100755
--- a/test/cli/testvarious
+++ b/test/cli/testvarious
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #
 #
 TEST_CLI_DIR=`dirname $0`
-DATA_DIR=`dirname $0`/../../data
 EXE=$1
 
 usage()
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ if test ! -x ${EXE}; then
 fi
 
 if test -z "${PROJ_LIB}"; then
-    export PROJ_LIB=$DATA_DIR
+    export PROJ_LIB="`dirname $0`/../../data"
 fi
 
 # Would be great to have a universale way of selecting a locale with
@@ -954,10 +953,33 @@ $EXE EPSG:32631 EPSG:4326 -E >> ${OUT} <<EOF
 EOF
 
 
+echo  "##############################################################" >> ${OUT}
+echo  "Test EPSG:4896 to EPSG:7930" >> ${OUT}
+# Here we test that 4D coordinates are handled by cs2cs. Due to backwards
+# compatibility, the t-component is not written to STDOUT as part of the
+# coordinate data, but rather as part of the string that follows the xyz
+# components. This is only seen by users when the -E option is used. Which
+# means that this test also experience that behaviour.
+$EXE -f %.4f EPSG:4896 EPSG:7930 -E >> ${OUT} <<EOF
+3496737.2679    743254.4507  5264462.9620 2019.0
+3496737.2679    743254.4507  5264462.9620 2029.0
+EOF
+
+
+echo  "##############################################################" >> ${OUT}
+echo  "Test ITRF2000 to ITRF1993" >> ${OUT}
+# Here we test that HUGE_VAL is passed as the time value if not explicitly
+# specified
+$EXE -f %.7f ITRF2000 ITRF1993 -E >> ${OUT} <<EOF
+59.4967 -117.61748 329.396
+59.4967 -117.61748 329.396 1988
+EOF
+
+
 # Done!
 # do 'diff' with distribution results
 echo "diff ${OUT} with ${OUT}.dist"
-diff -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
+diff -u -b ${OUT} ${TEST_CLI_DIR}/${OUT}.dist
 if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
 	echo  ""
 	echo "PROBLEMS HAVE OCCURRED"
diff --git a/test/cli/tv_out.dist b/test/cli/tv_out.dist
index 257e9400..dcda5275 100644
--- a/test/cli/tv_out.dist
+++ b/test/cli/tv_out.dist
@@ -460,3 +460,11 @@ Test EPSG:4326 to EPSG:32631
 ##############################################################
 Test EPSG:32631 to EPSG:4326
 400000 5000000 0	45d8'47.014"N	1d43'40.681"E 0.000
+##############################################################
+Test EPSG:4896 to EPSG:7930
+3496737.2679    743254.4507  5264462.9620	3496737.7857	743254.0394 5264462.6437 2019.0
+3496737.2679    743254.4507  5264462.9620	3496737.9401	743253.8861 5264462.5497 2029.0
+##############################################################
+Test ITRF2000 to ITRF1993
+59.4967 -117.61748 329.396	59.4967002	-117.6174799 329.3845529
+59.4967 -117.61748 329.396	59.4967002	-117.6174799 329.3845529 1988
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/build_google_oss_fuzzers.sh b/test/fuzzers/build_google_oss_fuzzers.sh
index 0cc618b9..cd9fed49 100755
--- a/test/fuzzers/build_google_oss_fuzzers.sh
+++ b/test/fuzzers/build_google_oss_fuzzers.sh
@@ -32,3 +32,10 @@ build_fuzzer()
 }
 
 build_fuzzer standard_fuzzer $(dirname $0)/standard_fuzzer.cpp
+build_fuzzer proj_crs_to_crs_fuzzer $(dirname $0)/proj_crs_to_crs_fuzzer.cpp
+
+echo "[libfuzzer]" > $OUT/standard_fuzzer.options
+echo "max_len = 10000" >> $OUT/standard_fuzzer.options
+
+echo "[libfuzzer]" > $OUT/proj_crs_to_crs_fuzzer.options
+echo "max_len = 10000" >> $OUT/proj_crs_to_crs_fuzzer.options
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/proj_crs_to_crs_fuzzer.cpp b/test/fuzzers/proj_crs_to_crs_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b4b1ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fuzzers/proj_crs_to_crs_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Project:  proj.4
+ * Purpose:  Fuzzer
+ * Author:   Even Rouault, even.rouault at spatialys.com
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2017, Even Rouault <even.rouault at spatialys.com>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+ * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+ * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "proj_internal.h" // For pj_gc_unloadall()
+#include "proj.h"
+
+/* Standalone build:
+g++ -g -std=c++11 proj_crs_to_crs_fuzzer.cpp -o proj_crs_to_crs_fuzzer -fvisibility=hidden -DSTANDALONE ../../src/.libs/libproj.a -lpthread -lsqlite3 -I../../src -I../../include
+*/
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int* argc, char*** argv);
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
+
+int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int* /*argc*/, char*** argv)
+{
+    const char* argv0 = (*argv)[0];
+    char* path = pj_strdup(argv0);
+    char* lastslash = strrchr(path, '/');
+    if( lastslash )
+    {
+        *lastslash = '\0';
+        setenv("PROJ_LIB", path, 1);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        setenv("PROJ_LIB", ".", 1);
+    }
+    free(path);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len)
+{
+    if( len > 1000 )
+    {
+#ifdef STANDALONE
+        fprintf(stderr, "Input too large\n");
+#endif
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* We expect the blob to be 2 lines: */
+    /* source_string\ndestination_string */
+    char* buf_dup = (char*)malloc(len+1);
+    memcpy(buf_dup, buf, len);
+    buf_dup[len] = 0;
+    char* first_line = buf_dup;
+    char* first_newline = strchr(first_line, '\n');
+    if( !first_newline )
+    {
+        free(buf_dup);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    first_newline[0] = 0;
+    char* second_line = first_newline + 1;
+
+#ifdef STANDALONE
+    fprintf(stderr, "src=%s\n", first_line);
+    fprintf(stderr, "dst=%s\n", second_line);
+#endif
+
+    proj_destroy(
+        proj_create_crs_to_crs(nullptr, first_line, second_line, nullptr));
+
+    free(buf_dup);
+    pj_gc_unloadall(pj_get_default_ctx());
+    pj_deallocate_grids();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef STANDALONE
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+    if( argc < 2 )
+    {
+        const char str[] =
+            "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +nodefs\n+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +nodefs";
+        int ret = LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput((const uint8_t*)(str), sizeof(str) - 1);
+        if( ret )
+            return ret;
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        int nRet = 0;
+        void* buf = NULL;
+        int nLen = 0;
+        FILE* f = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
+        if( !f )
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s does not exist.\n", argv[1]);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+        nLen = (int)ftell(f);
+        fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
+        buf = malloc(nLen);
+        if( !buf )
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed.\n");
+            fclose(f);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        fread(buf, nLen, 1, f);
+        fclose(f);
+        nRet = LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput((const uint8_t*)(buf), nLen);
+        free(buf);
+        return nRet;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // STANDALONE
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/standard_fuzzer.cpp b/test/fuzzers/standard_fuzzer.cpp
index e1c3bbf3..11f8738e 100644
--- a/test/fuzzers/standard_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzzers/standard_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -64,6 +64,14 @@ int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int* /*argc*/, char*** argv)
 
 int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len)
 {
+    if( len > 1000 )
+    {
+#ifdef STANDALONE
+        fprintf(stderr, "Input too large\n");
+#endif
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     /* We expect the blob to be 3 lines: */
     /* source proj string\ndestination proj string\nx y */
     char* buf_dup = (char*)malloc(len+1);
diff --git a/test/gie/4D-API_cs2cs-style.gie b/test/gie/4D-API_cs2cs-style.gie
index bcdc256f..19b3ad96 100644
--- a/test/gie/4D-API_cs2cs-style.gie
+++ b/test/gie/4D-API_cs2cs-style.gie
@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@ tolerance 1 um
 
 direction inverse
 
-accept     3565285.00000000  855949.00000000  5201383.00000000
-expect     3565285.41342351  855948.67986759  5201382.72939791
+# Broken test. FIXME
+#accept     3565285.00000000  855949.00000000  5201383.00000000
+#expect     3565285.41342351  855948.67986759  5201382.72939791
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
@@ -107,11 +108,12 @@ operation  proj=latlong geoidgrids=egm96_15.gtx  axis=neu ellps=GRS80
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 15 cm      # lax tolerance due to widely distributed, bad egm96 file
 ignore    pjd_err_failed_to_load_grid
-accept    12.5 55.5  0
-expect    55.5 12.5 -36.0213
-direction inverse
-accept    55.5 12.5 -36.0213
-expect    12.5 55.5  0
+# Broken test. FIXME
+#accept    12.5 55.5  0
+#expect    55.5 12.5 -36.0213
+#direction inverse
+#accept    55.5 12.5 -36.0213
+#expect    12.5 55.5  0
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 operation  proj=latlong geoidgrids=egm96_15.gtx  axis=dne ellps=GRS80
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -142,8 +144,9 @@ operation  proj=latlong geoidgrids=egm96_15.gtx  axis=nue ellps=GRS80
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 15 cm      # lax tolerance due to widely distributed, bad egm96 file
 ignore    pjd_err_failed_to_load_grid
-accept    12.5 55.5 0
-expect    55.5 -36.0213 12.5
+# Broken test. FIXME
+#accept    12.5 55.5 0
+#expect    55.5 -36.0213 12.5
 # direction inverse
 # accept    55.5 -36.0213 12.5
 # expect    12.5 55.5 0
@@ -185,7 +188,7 @@ operation proj=pipeline
                       k_0=1 x_0=2600000 y_0=1200000 ellps=bessel units=m
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 20 cm
-accept    7.438632495 46.951082877
+accept    7.438632495 46.951082877 0
 expect    2600000.0  1200000.0
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -465,4 +468,11 @@ accept      0 0 1000
 expect      0 0 1
 roundtrip   1
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Check that proj_create() returns a generic error when an exception is caught
+in the creation of a PJ object.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation   this is a bogus CRS meant to trigger a generic error in proj_create()
+expect      failure   errno generic error
+
 </gie>
diff --git a/test/gie/builtins.gie b/test/gie/builtins.gie
index 37bdfc69..df19efb6 100644
--- a/test/gie/builtins.gie
+++ b/test/gie/builtins.gie
@@ -63,6 +63,19 @@ expect  -0.001790494 0.000895246
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001790493 -0.000895247
 
+operation +proj=aea +ellps=GRS80 +lat_1=900
+expect  failure errno lat_larger_than_90
+
+operation +proj=aea +ellps=GRS80 +lat_2=900
+expect  failure errno lat_larger_than_90
+
+operation +proj=aea   +R=6400000    +lat_1=1 +lat_2=-1
+expect failure errno conic_lat_equal
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=aea +a=9999999 +b=.9 +lat_2=1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno invalid_eccentricity
 
 ===============================================================================
 Azimuthal Equidistant
@@ -311,7 +324,7 @@ Airy
 ===============================================================================
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=airy   +a=6400000    +lat_1=0 +lat_2=2
+operation +proj=airy   +a=6400000
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -391,6 +404,11 @@ expect  0       0
 accept  25      25
 expect  0.3821  0.4216
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=airy +R=1 +no_cut
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+accept  -180 0
+expect  failure errno tolerance_condition
 
 ===============================================================================
 Aitoff
@@ -608,7 +626,7 @@ Bonne (Werner lat_1=90)
 ===============================================================================
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=bonne   +ellps=GRS80  +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2
+operation +proj=bonne   +ellps=GRS80  +lat_1=0.5
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -631,7 +649,18 @@ accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001796698 0.499095631
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=bonne   +R=6400000    +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2
+operation +proj=bonne   +ellps=GRS80  +lat_1=90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 0.1 mm
+accept  0 90
+expect  0 0
+
+direction inverse
+accept  0 0
+expect  0 90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=bonne   +R=6400000    +lat_1=0.5
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -653,6 +682,16 @@ expect  -0.001790562 0.500895246
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001790561 0.499104753
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=bonne   +R=6400000  +lat_1=90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 0.1 mm
+accept  0 90
+expect  0 0
+
+direction inverse
+accept  0 0
+expect  0 90
 
 ===============================================================================
 Cal Coop Ocean Fish Invest Lines/Stations
@@ -1270,6 +1309,17 @@ expect  -0.001790221 0.000895246
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001790220 -0.000895247
 
+operation +proj=eqdc +a=9999999 +b=.9 +lat_2=1
+expect    failure errno invalid_eccentricity
+
+operation +proj=eqdc   +R=6400000    +lat_1=1 +lat_2=-1
+expect    failure errno conic_lat_equal
+
+operation +proj=eqdc   +R=6400000    +lat_1=91
+expect    failure errno lat_larger_than_90
+
+operation +proj=eqdc   +R=6400000    +lat_2=91
+expect    failure errno lat_larger_than_90
 
 ===============================================================================
 Euler
@@ -1513,14 +1563,8 @@ accept  -2 -1 0
 expect  6373287.27950247        -222560.09599219 -110568.77482092
 
 direction inverse
-accept  200 100
-expect  0.001796631 0.000898315
-accept  200 -100
-expect  0.001796631 -0.000898315
-accept  -200 100
-expect  -0.001796631 0.000898315
-accept  -200 -100
-expect  -0.001796631 -0.000898315
+accept  6373287.27950247        222560.09599219 110568.77482092
+expect  2 1 0
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 operation +proj=geocent   +a=6400000    +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2
@@ -1580,6 +1624,17 @@ expect  -0.001790493 0.000895247
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001790493 -0.000895247
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=geos +R=1 +h=0
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect  failure errno invalid_h
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=geos +R=1 +h=1e11
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect  failure errno invalid_h
+
+
 
 ===============================================================================
 Ginsburg VIII (TsNIIGAiK)
@@ -1809,6 +1864,10 @@ expect  4030931.833981509 1323687.864777399
 accept  -80.000000000 36.000000000
 expect  3450764.261536101 -175619.041820732
 
+# For some reason, does not fail on MacOSX
+#accept  60 -45
+#expect  failure errno tolerance_condition
+
 direction inverse
 accept  -1800000.000000000 2600000.000000000
 expect  -157.989285000 64.851559610
@@ -1850,7 +1909,7 @@ Hammer & Eckert-Greifendorff
 ===============================================================================
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=hammer   +a=6400000    +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2
+operation +proj=hammer   +a=6400000
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -1873,6 +1932,12 @@ accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001790493 -0.000895247
 
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=hammer   +a=6400000 +W=1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+accept  -180 0
+expect  failure errno tolerance_condition
+
 ===============================================================================
 Hatano Asymmetrical Equal Area
 	PCyl, Sph.
@@ -2084,6 +2149,25 @@ expect  -0.001796699 0.500904924
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001796698 0.499095076
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=imw_p   +ellps=GRS80  +lat_1=0 +lat_2=10
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 0.1 mm
+accept  0 0
+expect  0 0
+accept  0.000000000000   0.000904928485
+expect  0 100
+accept  0.000898315284   0.000000000000
+expect  100 0
+
+direction inverse
+accept  0 0
+expect  0 0
+accept  0 100
+expect  0.000000000000   0.000904928485
+accept  100 0
+expect  0.000898315284   0.000000000000
+
 
 ===============================================================================
 Icosahedral Snyder Equal Area
@@ -2091,7 +2175,7 @@ Icosahedral Snyder Equal Area
 ===============================================================================
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=isea   +a=6400000    +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2
+operation +proj=isea   +a=6400000
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -2103,6 +2187,9 @@ expect  -1575486.353641554 3442168.342028188
 accept  -2 -1
 expect  -1575486.353880283 3234352.695594706
 
+operation +proj=isea   +mode=hex +resolution=31
+accept  0 0
+expect  failure
 
 ===============================================================================
 Kavraisky V
@@ -2202,6 +2289,8 @@ accept  -2 1
 expect  -3756305.328869175 -6478142.561571511
 accept  -2 -1
 expect  -3831703.658501982 -6759107.170155395
+accept  24.833333333333   59.757598563058
+expect  0 0
 
 direction inverse
 accept  200 100
@@ -2212,7 +2301,13 @@ accept  -200 100
 expect  24.830447748 59.758403933
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  24.830351182 59.756888426
+accept  0 0
+expect  24.833333333333   59.757598563058
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=krovak +lat_0=-90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno invalid_arg
 
 ===============================================================================
 Laborde
@@ -2446,6 +2541,11 @@ tolerance 10 cm
 accept 45   45
 roundtrip   100
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Test error in projection setup
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=laea +ellps=GRS80 +lat_0=91
+expect  failure errno lat_larger_than_90
 
 ===============================================================================
 Lagrange
@@ -2504,7 +2604,14 @@ direction   inverse
 accept      2 0 0
 expect      failure errno tolerance_condition
 
-
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lagrng +R=1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance   0.1 mm
+accept      0 89.9999999
+expect      0 2
+accept      0 -89.9999999
+expect      0 -2
 
 ===============================================================================
 Larrivee
@@ -2661,6 +2768,55 @@ direction inverse
 accept 131824.206082557	267239.875053699
 expect 1 2
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lcc +a=9999999 +b=.9 +lat_2=1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno invalid_eccentricity
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# This case is incredible. ossfuzz has found the exact value of lat_1 that
+# triggers a division by zero
+operation +proj=lcc +lat_1=2D32 +lat_2=0 +a=6378137 +b=0.2
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure
+# For some reason fails on MacOSX with a different error
+# errno invalid_eccentricity
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lcc +ellps=GRS80 +lat_1=0 +lat_2=90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno lat_1_or_2_zero_or_90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lcc +ellps=GRS80 +lat_1=90 +lat_2=0
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno lat_1_or_2_zero_or_90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lcc +ellps=GRS80 +lat_1=90 +lat_2=90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno lat_1_or_2_zero_or_90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lcc +ellps=sphere +lat_1=0 +lat_2=90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno lat_1_or_2_zero_or_90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lcc +ellps=sphere +lat_1=90 +lat_2=0
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno lat_1_or_2_zero_or_90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lcc +ellps=sphere +lat_1=91
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno lat_larger_than_90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lcc +ellps=sphere +lat_2=91
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno lat_larger_than_90
+
 ===============================================================================
 Lambert Conformal Conic Alternative
 	Conic, Sph&Ell
@@ -2809,7 +2965,7 @@ Space oblique for LANDSAT
 ===============================================================================
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=lsat +ellps=GRS80 +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2 +lsat=1 +path=2
+operation +proj=lsat +ellps=GRS80 +lsat=1 +path=2
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -2831,6 +2987,12 @@ expect  126.000734469 -0.001880155
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  126.002524373 -0.001723782
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=lsat +path=1 +lsat=5 +ellps=sphere
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+direction inverse
+accept  0 1e10
+expect  failure errno invalid_x_or_y
 
 ===============================================================================
 McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Sine (No. 1)
@@ -3578,7 +3740,12 @@ roundtrip   100
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 operation +proj=nsper +R=1 +h=0
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-expect  failure errno h_less_than_zero
+expect  failure errno invalid_h
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=nsper +R=1 +h=1e11
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect  failure errno invalid_h
 
 
 ===============================================================================
@@ -3642,6 +3809,10 @@ expect  -141.100733224 26.091712305
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -65.862385599 51.830295078
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ob_tran +R=6400000 +o_proj +o_proj=ob_tran
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect  failure errno pjd_err_failed_to_find_proj
 
 ===============================================================================
 Oblique Cylindrical Equal Area
@@ -3672,6 +3843,85 @@ expect  179.999104753 -0.001790493
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -179.999104753 -0.001790493
 
+Direction North
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_1=45 +lat_2=45.0000001 +lon_1=0 +lon_2=0
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  19994423.837934091687   223322.760576728586
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_0=45 +alpha=0
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  19994423.837934091687   223322.760576728586
+
+
+Direction South
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_1=45 +lat_2=44.999999 +lon_1=0 +lon_2=0
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  111769.145040585790   -223322.760576727480
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_0=45 +alpha=180
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  111769.145040585790   -223322.760576727480
+
+
+Direction East
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_1=45 +lat_2=45 +lon_1=0 +lon_2=1e-8
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  9742698.935838246718   4443057.188599349000
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_0=45 +alpha=90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  9742698.935838246718   4443057.188599349000
+
+
+Direction West
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_1=45 +lat_2=45 +lon_1=0 +lon_2=-1e-8
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  10363494.047136424109   -4443057.188599349000
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_0=45 +alpha=270
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  10363494.047136424109   -4443057.188599349000
+
+
+Direction North-East
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_1=45 +lat_2=45.00001 +lon_1=0 +lon_2=1e-5
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 3 mm needed for MacOSX...
+tolerance 3 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  18596261.668446537107   2747542.17330662999
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=ocea   +a=6400000    +lat_0=45 +alpha=35.264383770917604
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  18596261.668446537107   2747542.17330662999
 
 ===============================================================================
 Oblated Equal Area
@@ -3756,6 +4006,55 @@ expect  0.000898315 -0.001808739
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.000898315 -0.001808739
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=omerc   +R=1 +lat_0=1 +lat_1=2 +no_rot
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+direction inverse
+accept  0 1e200
+expect  failure errno invalid_x_or_y
+
+
+
+Direction North-East
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=omerc   +a=6400000    +lat_0=45 +lat_1=45 +lat_2=45.00001 +lon_1=0 +lon_2=1e-5
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  -3569.825230822232   -5093592.310871849768
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=omerc   +a=6400000    +lat_0=45 +alpha=35.264383770917604
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 1 mm
+accept  2 1
+expect  -3569.825230822232   -5093592.310871849768
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=omerc   +R=1  +alpha=0 +lat_0=90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect  failure errno lat_0_or_alpha_eq_90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=omerc   +lat_1=0.1 +a=6400000 +b=1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect  failure errno invalid_eccentricity
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=omerc    +lat_1=0.8 +a=6400000 +b=.4
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno invalid_eccentricity
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=omerc    +lat_1=91
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno lat_larger_than_90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=omerc    +lat_2=91
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect     failure errno lat_larger_than_90
+
 
 ===============================================================================
 Ortelius Oval
@@ -4438,7 +4737,7 @@ Robinson
 ===============================================================================
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=robin   +a=6400000    +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2
+operation +proj=robin   +a=6400000
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -4450,6 +4749,18 @@ expect  -189588.423282508 107318.530350703
 accept  -2 -1
 expect  -189588.423282508 -107318.530350703
 
+accept  0 89.5
+expect  0.000000000000   8639799.718722090125
+
+accept  0 90
+expect  0.000000000000   8654720.000000000000
+
+accept  0 -89.5
+expect  0.000000000000   -8639799.718722090125
+
+accept  0 -90
+expect  0.000000000000   -8654720.000000000000
+
 direction inverse
 accept  200 100
 expect  0.002109689 0.000931806
@@ -4460,6 +4771,18 @@ expect  -0.002109689 0.000931806
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.002109689 -0.000931806
 
+accept  0.000000000000   8639799.718722090125
+expect  0 89.5
+
+accept  0.000000000000   8654720.000000000000
+expect  0 90
+
+accept  0.000000000000   -8639799.718722090125
+expect  0 -89.5
+
+accept  0.000000000000   -8654720.000000000000
+expect  0 -90
+
 
 ===============================================================================
 Roussilhe Stereographic
@@ -4674,7 +4997,7 @@ Oblique Stereographic Alternative
 ===============================================================================
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=sterea   +ellps=GRS80  +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2 +n=0.5
+operation +proj=sterea   +ellps=GRS80
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -4697,7 +5020,7 @@ accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001796631 -0.000904369
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=sterea   +R=6400000    +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2 +n=0.5
+operation +proj=sterea   +R=6400000
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -4708,6 +5031,8 @@ accept  -2 1
 expect  -223407.810259507 111737.938996443
 accept  -2 -1
 expect  -223407.810259507 -111737.938996443
+accept  180 0
+expect  failure errno tolerance_condition
 
 direction inverse
 accept  200 100
@@ -4719,6 +5044,61 @@ expect  -0.001790493 0.000895247
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001790493 -0.000895247
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=sterea   +ellps=GRS80    +lat_0=90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 0.1 mm
+accept  0 90
+expect  0 0
+accept  0 89
+expect  0.000000000000   -111696.700323081997
+accept  0 45
+expect  0.000000000000   -5291160.727484324016
+accept  0 0
+expect  0.000000000000   -12713600.098641794175
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=sterea   +ellps=GRS80    +lat_0=89
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 0.1 mm
+accept  0 90
+expect  0.000000000000   111696.700314355621
+accept  0 89
+expect  0.000000000000   0
+accept  0 45
+expect  0.000000000000   -5160845.342319893651
+accept  0 0
+expect  0.000000000000   -12493602.143489977345
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=sterea   +ellps=GRS80    +lat_0=-90
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 0.1 mm
+accept  0 -90
+expect  0 0
+accept  0 -89
+expect  0.000000000000   111696.700323081997
+accept  0 -45
+expect  0.000000000000   5291160.727484324016
+accept  0 0
+expect  0.000000000000   12713600.098641794175
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=sterea   +ellps=GRS80   +lat_0=-89
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tolerance 0.1 mm
+accept  0 -90
+expect  0.000000000000   -111696.700314355621
+accept  0 -89
+expect  0.000000000000   0
+accept  0 -45
+expect  0.000000000000   5160845.342319893651
+accept  0 0
+expect  0.000000000000   12493602.143489977345
+
+
+operation +proj=sterea   +a=9999 +b=.9 +lat_0=73
+expect failure
 
 ===============================================================================
 Gauss-Schreiber Transverse Mercator (aka Gauss-Laborde Reunion)
@@ -4935,6 +5315,14 @@ expect  -0.001790493 0.000895247
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001790493 -0.000895247
 
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=tmerc   +R=1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+direction inverse
+accept -1e200 0
+expect  failure errno invalid_x_or_y
+
 ===============================================================================
 Tobler-Mercator
 	Cyl, Sph
@@ -5009,9 +5397,9 @@ Two Point Equidistant
 ===============================================================================
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=tpeqd   +ellps=GRS80  +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2 +n=0.5
+operation +proj=tpeqd   +ellps=GRS80  +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-tolerance 0.15 mm
+tolerance 0.18 mm
 accept  2 1
 expect  -27750.758831679 -222599.403691777
 accept  2 -1
@@ -5032,7 +5420,7 @@ accept  -200 -100
 expect  0.000898554 1.248203369
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=tpeqd   +a=6400000    +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2 +n=0.5
+operation +proj=tpeqd   +a=6400000    +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -5054,6 +5442,10 @@ expect  -0.000895485 1.248209507
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  0.000895485 1.248209507
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=tpeqd   +a=6400000    +lat_1=90 +lat_2=90 +lon_1=0 +lon_2=1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+expect  failure
 
 ===============================================================================
 Tilted perspective
@@ -5083,6 +5475,8 @@ accept  -200 100
 expect  -0.001376321 0.001453641
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001988706 -0.000228872
+accept  0 0
+expect  0 0
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 operation +proj=tpers   +a=6400000  +h=1000000 +tilt=20
@@ -5145,7 +5539,7 @@ Urmaev V
 ===============================================================================
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-operation +proj=urm5   +a=6400000    +lat_1=0.5 +lat_2=2 +n=0.5
+operation +proj=urm5   +a=6400000    +n=0.5
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tolerance 0.1 mm
 accept  2 1
@@ -5157,6 +5551,8 @@ expect  -223393.638433964 111696.818785117
 accept  -2 -1
 expect  -223393.638433964 -111696.818785117
 
+operation +proj=urm5   +a=6400000    +n=1 +alpha=90
+expect  failure errno lat_0_or_alpha_eq_90
 
 ===============================================================================
 Urmaev Flat-Polar Sinusoidal
@@ -5257,6 +5653,13 @@ expect  -0.001790494 0.000895247
 accept  -200 -100
 expect  -0.001790494 -0.000895247
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=vandg   +R=1
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+direction inverse
+accept  0 -1e100
+expect  failure errno tolerance_condition
+
 
 ===============================================================================
 van der Grinten II
diff --git a/test/gie/ellipsoid.gie b/test/gie/ellipsoid.gie
index ea7f3888..b84a512f 100644
--- a/test/gie/ellipsoid.gie
+++ b/test/gie/ellipsoid.gie
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ tolerance 10 nm
 accept    1 2
 expect    111319.4907932736  221194.0771604237
 
-accept    12 55
+accept    12 55s
 expect    1335833.8895192828  7326837.7148738774
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ expect    failure errno major_axis_not_given
 operation proj=merc +R=0
 expect    failure errno major_axis_not_given
 
+operation +proj=merc +R_a +a=2 +f=2
+expect  failure errno major_axis_not_given
+
 operation
 expect    failure
 operation cobra
@@ -131,11 +134,23 @@ Shape parameters
 operation  proj=utm zone=32   ellps=GRS80 rf=0
 expect     failure errno rev_flattening_is_zero
 
+operation  proj=utm zone=32   ellps=GRS80 e=-0.5
+expect     failure errno invalid_eccentricity
+
+operation  proj=utm zone=32   ellps=GRS80 e=1
+expect     failure errno invalid_eccentricity
+
 operation  proj=utm zone=32   ellps=GRS80 es=1
-expect     failure errno eccentricity_is_one
+expect     failure errno invalid_eccentricity
+
+operation  proj=utm zone=32   a=1 es=1.1
+expect     failure errno invalid_eccentricity
 
 operation  proj=utm zone=32   ellps=GRS80 b=0
-expect     failure errno eccentricity_is_one
+expect     failure errno invalid_eccentricity
+
+operation  proj=utm zone=32   ellps=GRS80 f=1
+expect     failure errno invalid_eccentricity
 
 operation  proj=utm zone=32   ellps=GRS80 b=6000000
 accept     12 55
diff --git a/test/gie/more_builtins.gie b/test/gie/more_builtins.gie
index d1c978a3..75ba55e9 100644
--- a/test/gie/more_builtins.gie
+++ b/test/gie/more_builtins.gie
@@ -253,6 +253,24 @@ ignore    pjd_err_failed_to_load_grid
 accept    12.5 55.5   0                  0
 expect    12.5 55.5 -36.021305084228516  0
 
+accept    -180.1 0 0
+expect    -180.1 0 -21.2423
+
+accept    179.9 0 0
+expect    179.9 0 -21.2423
+
+accept    180 0 0
+expect    180 0 -21.1533 
+
+accept    540 0 0
+expect    540 0 -21.1533 
+
+accept    -180 0 0
+expect    -180 0 -21.1533 
+
+accept    -540 0 0
+expect    -540 0 -21.1533 
+
 roundtrip 100 1 nm
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Fail on purpose: +grids parameter is mandatory
@@ -433,6 +451,11 @@ expect     failure   errno invalid_arg
 operation  proj=helmert transpose
 expect     failure   errno invalid_arg
 
+# Use of 2D Helmert interface with 3D Helmert setup
+operation  +proj=ob_tran +o_proj=helmert +o_lat_p=0
+direction  inverse
+accept     0 0
+expect     failure   errno 22
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Molodensky-Badekas from IOGP Guidance 7.2, Transformation from La Canoa to REGVEN
@@ -751,4 +774,84 @@ expect    359 10 0
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# No-op
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation +proj=noop
+direction forward
+accept  25  25
+expect  25  25
+
+accept  25  25  25
+expect  25  25  25
+
+accept  25  25  25  25
+expect  25  25  25  25
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# Test invalid lat_0
+operation +proj=aeqd +R=1 +lat_0=91
+expect  failure errno lat_larger_than_90
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# cart
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+operation   +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80
+tolerance 0.001mm
+
+accept      0 0 0
+expect      6378137 0 0
+
+accept      0 90 0
+expect      0 0 6356752.314140347
+
+accept      0 -90 0
+expect      0 0 -6356752.314140347
+
+accept      90 0 0
+expect      0 6378137 0
+
+accept      -90 0 0
+expect      0 -6378137 0
+
+accept      180 0 0
+expect      -6378137 0 0
+
+accept      -180 0 0
+expect      -6378137 0 0
+
+# Center of Earth !
+accept      0 0 -6378137
+expect      0 0 0
+
+accept      0 90 -6356752.314140347
+expect      0 0 0
+
+direction inverse
+
+accept      6378137 0 0
+expect      0 0 0
+
+accept      0 0 6356752.314140347
+expect      0 90 0
+
+accept      0 0 -6356752.314140347
+expect      0 -90 0
+
+accept      0 6378137 0
+expect      90 0 0
+
+accept      0 -6378137 0
+expect      -90 0 0
+
+accept      -6378137 0 0
+expect      180 0 0
+
+# Center of Earth !
+accept      0 0 0
+expect      0 0 -6378137
+
+
 </gie>
diff --git a/test/gie/unitconvert.gie b/test/gie/unitconvert.gie
index 2e06fe72..f763959b 100644
--- a/test/gie/unitconvert.gie
+++ b/test/gie/unitconvert.gie
@@ -43,4 +43,28 @@ operation   proj=unitconvert z_in=rad z_out=m
 accept      1 1 1 1
 expect      failure
 
+operation   proj=unitconvert xy_in=0
+expect      failure
+
+operation   proj=unitconvert xy_out=0
+expect      failure
+
+operation   proj=unitconvert xy_in=1e400
+expect      failure
+
+operation   proj=unitconvert xy_out=1e400
+expect      failure
+
+operation   proj=unitconvert z_in=0
+expect      failure
+
+operation   proj=unitconvert z_out=0
+expect      failure
+
+operation   proj=unitconvert z_in=1e400
+expect      failure
+
+operation   proj=unitconvert z_out=1e400
+expect      failure
+
 </gie>
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
index 957a69c6..20c54d86 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
 //
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This header file defines the public API for death tests.  It is
 // #included by gtest.h so a user doesn't need to include this
 // directly.
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_H_
@@ -99,10 +99,11 @@ GTEST_API_ bool InDeathTestChild();
 //
 // On the regular expressions used in death tests:
 //
+//   GOOGLETEST_CM0005 DO NOT DELETE
 //   On POSIX-compliant systems (*nix), we use the <regex.h> library,
 //   which uses the POSIX extended regex syntax.
 //
-//   On other platforms (e.g. Windows), we only support a simple regex
+//   On other platforms (e.g. Windows or Mac), we only support a simple regex
 //   syntax implemented as part of Google Test.  This limited
 //   implementation should be enough most of the time when writing
 //   death tests; though it lacks many features you can find in PCRE
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ GTEST_API_ bool InDeathTestChild();
 //   is rarely a problem as people usually don't put the test binary
 //   directory in PATH.
 //
-// TODO(wan@google.com): make thread-safe death tests search the PATH.
+// FIXME: make thread-safe death tests search the PATH.
 
 // Asserts that a given statement causes the program to exit, with an
 // integer exit status that satisfies predicate, and emitting error output
@@ -198,9 +199,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ ExitedWithCode {
   const int exit_code_;
 };
 
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 // Tests that an exit code describes an exit due to termination by a
 // given signal.
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0006 DO NOT DELETE
 class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
  public:
   explicit KilledBySignal(int signum);
@@ -272,6 +274,54 @@ class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
 # endif  // NDEBUG for EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
+// This macro is used for implementing macros such as
+// EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED and ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED on systems where
+// death tests are not supported. Those macros must compile on such systems
+// iff EXPECT_DEATH and ASSERT_DEATH compile with the same parameters on
+// systems that support death tests. This allows one to write such a macro
+// on a system that does not support death tests and be sure that it will
+// compile on a death-test supporting system. It is exposed publicly so that
+// systems that have death-tests with stricter requirements than
+// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST can write their own equivalent of
+// EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED and ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   statement -  A statement that a macro such as EXPECT_DEATH would test
+//                for program termination. This macro has to make sure this
+//                statement is compiled but not executed, to ensure that
+//                EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED compiles with a certain
+//                parameter iff EXPECT_DEATH compiles with it.
+//   regex     -  A regex that a macro such as EXPECT_DEATH would use to test
+//                the output of statement.  This parameter has to be
+//                compiled but not evaluated by this macro, to ensure that
+//                this macro only accepts expressions that a macro such as
+//                EXPECT_DEATH would accept.
+//   terminator - Must be an empty statement for EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED
+//                and a return statement for ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED.
+//                This ensures that ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED will not
+//                compile inside functions where ASSERT_DEATH doesn't
+//                compile.
+//
+//  The branch that has an always false condition is used to ensure that
+//  statement and regex are compiled (and thus syntactically correct) but
+//  never executed. The unreachable code macro protects the terminator
+//  statement from generating an 'unreachable code' warning in case
+//  statement unconditionally returns or throws. The Message constructor at
+//  the end allows the syntax of streaming additional messages into the
+//  macro, for compilational compatibility with EXPECT_DEATH/ASSERT_DEATH.
+# define GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST(statement, regex, terminator) \
+    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+    if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+      GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) \
+          << "Death tests are not supported on this platform.\n" \
+          << "Statement '" #statement "' cannot be verified."; \
+    } else if (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse()) { \
+      ::testing::internal::RE::PartialMatch(".*", (regex)); \
+      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+      terminator; \
+    } else \
+      ::testing::Message()
+
 // EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) and
 // ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) expand to real death tests if
 // death tests are supported; otherwise they just issue a warning.  This is
@@ -284,9 +334,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
     ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex)
 #else
 # define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
-    GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, )
+    GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST(statement, regex, )
 # define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
-    GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, return)
+    GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST(statement, regex, return)
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
index fe879bca..5ca04161 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
@@ -26,10 +26,9 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
 //
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This header file defines the Message class.
 //
@@ -43,6 +42,8 @@
 // to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.  Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
 // program!
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
 
@@ -50,6 +51,9 @@
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
+/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
+
 // Ensures that there is at least one operator<< in the global namespace.
 // See Message& operator<<(...) below for why.
 void operator<<(const testing::internal::Secret&, int);
@@ -196,7 +200,6 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   std::string GetString() const;
 
  private:
-
 #if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
   // These are needed as the Nokia Symbian Compiler cannot decide between
   // const T& and const T* in a function template. The Nokia compiler _can_
@@ -247,4 +250,6 @@ std::string StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4251
+
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
index 038f9ba7..3e95e439 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
@@ -31,13 +31,12 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// Authors: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
-//
 // Macros and functions for implementing parameterized tests
-// in Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// in Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
 //
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
 
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ TEST_P(FooTest, HasBlahBlah) {
 // Finally, you can use INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P to instantiate the test
 // case with any set of parameters you want. Google Test defines a number
 // of functions for generating test parameters. They return what we call
-// (surprise!) parameter generators. Here is a  summary of them, which
+// (surprise!) parameter generators. Here is a summary of them, which
 // are all in the testing namespace:
 //
 //
@@ -185,15 +184,10 @@ TEST_P(DerivedTest, DoesBlah) {
 # include <utility>
 #endif
 
-// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
-// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
-// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 namespace testing {
 
 // Functions producing parameter generators.
@@ -273,7 +267,7 @@ internal::ParamGenerator<T> Range(T start, T end) {
 // each with C-string values of "foo", "bar", and "baz":
 //
 // const char* strings[] = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(StringSequence, SrtingTest, ValuesIn(strings));
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(StringSequence, StringTest, ValuesIn(strings));
 //
 // This instantiates tests from test case StlStringTest
 // each with STL strings with values "a" and "b":
@@ -1375,8 +1369,6 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
 }
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
 
-
-
 # define TEST_P(test_case_name, test_name) \
   class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
       : public test_case_name { \
@@ -1390,8 +1382,8 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
               #test_case_name, \
               ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
                   __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestPattern(\
-                      #test_case_name, \
-                      #test_name, \
+                      GTEST_STRINGIFY_(test_case_name), \
+                      GTEST_STRINGIFY_(test_name), \
                       new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
                           GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(\
                               test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
@@ -1412,21 +1404,21 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
 // type testing::TestParamInfo<class ParamType>, and return std::string.
 //
 // testing::PrintToStringParamName is a builtin test suffix generator that
-// returns the value of testing::PrintToString(GetParam()). It does not work
-// for std::string or C strings.
+// returns the value of testing::PrintToString(GetParam()).
 //
 // Note: test names must be non-empty, unique, and may only contain ASCII
-// alphanumeric characters or underscore.
+// alphanumeric characters or underscore. Because PrintToString adds quotes
+// to std::string and C strings, it won't work for these types.
 
 # define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator, ...) \
-  ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
+  static ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
       gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_() { return generator; } \
-  ::std::string gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_( \
+  static ::std::string gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_( \
       const ::testing::TestParamInfo<test_case_name::ParamType>& info) { \
     return ::testing::internal::GetParamNameGen<test_case_name::ParamType> \
         (__VA_ARGS__)(info); \
   } \
-  int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+  static int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
       ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
           GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
               #test_case_name, \
@@ -1439,6 +1431,4 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Generator1, Generator2, Generator3,
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
index 3078d6d2..274f2b3b 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
@@ -30,13 +30,12 @@ $var maxtuple = 10  $$ Maximum number of Combine arguments we want to support.
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// Authors: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
-//
 // Macros and functions for implementing parameterized tests
-// in Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// in Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
 //
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
 
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ TEST_P(FooTest, HasBlahBlah) {
 // Finally, you can use INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P to instantiate the test
 // case with any set of parameters you want. Google Test defines a number
 // of functions for generating test parameters. They return what we call
-// (surprise!) parameter generators. Here is a  summary of them, which
+// (surprise!) parameter generators. Here is a summary of them, which
 // are all in the testing namespace:
 //
 //
@@ -184,15 +183,10 @@ TEST_P(DerivedTest, DoesBlah) {
 # include <utility>
 #endif
 
-// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
-// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
-// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 namespace testing {
 
 // Functions producing parameter generators.
@@ -272,7 +266,7 @@ internal::ParamGenerator<T> Range(T start, T end) {
 // each with C-string values of "foo", "bar", and "baz":
 //
 // const char* strings[] = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
-// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(StringSequence, SrtingTest, ValuesIn(strings));
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(StringSequence, StringTest, ValuesIn(strings));
 //
 // This instantiates tests from test case StlStringTest
 // each with STL strings with values "a" and "b":
@@ -441,8 +435,6 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder$i<$for j, [[Generator$j]]> Combine(
 ]]
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
 
-
-
 # define TEST_P(test_case_name, test_name) \
   class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
       : public test_case_name { \
@@ -456,8 +448,8 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder$i<$for j, [[Generator$j]]> Combine(
               #test_case_name, \
               ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
                   __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestPattern(\
-                      #test_case_name, \
-                      #test_name, \
+                      GTEST_STRINGIFY_(test_case_name), \
+                      GTEST_STRINGIFY_(test_name), \
                       new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
                           GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(\
                               test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
@@ -485,14 +477,14 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder$i<$for j, [[Generator$j]]> Combine(
 // to std::string and C strings, it won't work for these types.
 
 # define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator, ...) \
-  ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
+  static ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
       gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_() { return generator; } \
-  ::std::string gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_( \
+  static ::std::string gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_( \
       const ::testing::TestParamInfo<test_case_name::ParamType>& info) { \
     return ::testing::internal::GetParamNameGen<test_case_name::ParamType> \
         (__VA_ARGS__)(info); \
   } \
-  int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+  static int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
       ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
           GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
               #test_case_name, \
@@ -505,6 +497,4 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder$i<$for j, [[Generator$j]]> Combine(
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
index 8a33164c..51865f84 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
@@ -26,10 +26,9 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 
-// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
+
+// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework
 //
 // This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
 // value of any type T:
@@ -46,6 +45,10 @@
 //   2. operator<<(ostream&, const T&) defined in either foo or the
 //      global namespace.
 //
+// However if T is an STL-style container then it is printed element-wise
+// unless foo::PrintTo(const T&, ostream*) is defined. Note that
+// operator<<() is ignored for container types.
+//
 // If none of the above is defined, it will print the debug string of
 // the value if it is a protocol buffer, or print the raw bytes in the
 // value otherwise.
@@ -92,6 +95,8 @@
 // being defined as many user-defined container types don't have
 // value_type.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
 
@@ -107,6 +112,12 @@
 # include <tuple>
 #endif
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+#include "absl/types/variant.h"
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+
 namespace testing {
 
 // Definitions in the 'internal' and 'internal2' name spaces are
@@ -125,7 +136,11 @@ enum TypeKind {
   kProtobuf,              // a protobuf type
   kConvertibleToInteger,  // a type implicitly convertible to BiggestInt
                           // (e.g. a named or unnamed enum type)
-  kOtherType              // anything else
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  kConvertibleToStringView,  // a type implicitly convertible to
+                             // absl::string_view
+#endif
+  kOtherType  // anything else
 };
 
 // TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kTypeKind>::PrintValue(value, os) is called
@@ -137,7 +152,8 @@ class TypeWithoutFormatter {
  public:
   // This default version is called when kTypeKind is kOtherType.
   static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    PrintBytesInObjectTo(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(&value),
+    PrintBytesInObjectTo(static_cast<const unsigned char*>(
+                             reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&value)),
                          sizeof(value), os);
   }
 };
@@ -151,10 +167,10 @@ template <typename T>
 class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kProtobuf> {
  public:
   static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    const ::testing::internal::string short_str = value.ShortDebugString();
-    const ::testing::internal::string pretty_str =
-        short_str.length() <= kProtobufOneLinerMaxLength ?
-        short_str : ("\n" + value.DebugString());
+    std::string pretty_str = value.ShortDebugString();
+    if (pretty_str.length() > kProtobufOneLinerMaxLength) {
+      pretty_str = "\n" + value.DebugString();
+    }
     *os << ("<" + pretty_str + ">");
   }
 };
@@ -175,6 +191,19 @@ class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kConvertibleToInteger> {
   }
 };
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+template <typename T>
+class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kConvertibleToStringView> {
+ public:
+  // Since T has neither operator<< nor PrintTo() but can be implicitly
+  // converted to absl::string_view, we print it as a absl::string_view.
+  //
+  // Note: the implementation is further below, as it depends on
+  // internal::PrintTo symbol which is defined later in the file.
+  static void PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os);
+};
+#endif
+
 // Prints the given value to the given ostream.  If the value is a
 // protocol message, its debug string is printed; if it's an enum or
 // of a type implicitly convertible to BiggestInt, it's printed as an
@@ -202,10 +231,19 @@ class TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kConvertibleToInteger> {
 template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
 ::std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
     ::std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os, const T& x) {
-  TypeWithoutFormatter<T,
-      (internal::IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value ? kProtobuf :
-       internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<const T&, internal::BiggestInt>::value ?
-       kConvertibleToInteger : kOtherType)>::PrintValue(x, &os);
+  TypeWithoutFormatter<T, (internal::IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value
+                               ? kProtobuf
+                               : internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<
+                                     const T&, internal::BiggestInt>::value
+                                     ? kConvertibleToInteger
+                                     :
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+                                     internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<
+                                         const T&, absl::string_view>::value
+                                         ? kConvertibleToStringView
+                                         :
+#endif
+                                         kOtherType)>::PrintValue(x, &os);
   return os;
 }
 
@@ -364,11 +402,18 @@ class UniversalPrinter;
 template <typename T>
 void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os);
 
+enum DefaultPrinterType {
+  kPrintContainer,
+  kPrintPointer,
+  kPrintFunctionPointer,
+  kPrintOther,
+};
+template <DefaultPrinterType type> struct WrapPrinterType {};
+
 // Used to print an STL-style container when the user doesn't define
 // a PrintTo() for it.
 template <typename C>
-void DefaultPrintTo(IsContainer /* dummy */,
-                    false_type /* is not a pointer */,
+void DefaultPrintTo(WrapPrinterType<kPrintContainer> /* dummy */,
                     const C& container, ::std::ostream* os) {
   const size_t kMaxCount = 32;  // The maximum number of elements to print.
   *os << '{';
@@ -401,40 +446,34 @@ void DefaultPrintTo(IsContainer /* dummy */,
 // implementation-defined.  Therefore they will be printed as raw
 // bytes.)
 template <typename T>
-void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
-                    true_type /* is a pointer */,
+void DefaultPrintTo(WrapPrinterType<kPrintPointer> /* dummy */,
                     T* p, ::std::ostream* os) {
   if (p == NULL) {
     *os << "NULL";
   } else {
-    // C++ doesn't allow casting from a function pointer to any object
-    // pointer.
-    //
-    // IsTrue() silences warnings: "Condition is always true",
-    // "unreachable code".
-    if (IsTrue(ImplicitlyConvertible<T*, const void*>::value)) {
-      // T is not a function type.  We just call << to print p,
-      // relying on ADL to pick up user-defined << for their pointer
-      // types, if any.
-      *os << p;
-    } else {
-      // T is a function type, so '*os << p' doesn't do what we want
-      // (it just prints p as bool).  We want to print p as a const
-      // void*.  However, we cannot cast it to const void* directly,
-      // even using reinterpret_cast, as earlier versions of gcc
-      // (e.g. 3.4.5) cannot compile the cast when p is a function
-      // pointer.  Casting to UInt64 first solves the problem.
-      *os << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
-          reinterpret_cast<internal::UInt64>(p));
-    }
+    // T is not a function type.  We just call << to print p,
+    // relying on ADL to pick up user-defined << for their pointer
+    // types, if any.
+    *os << p;
+  }
+}
+template <typename T>
+void DefaultPrintTo(WrapPrinterType<kPrintFunctionPointer> /* dummy */,
+                    T* p, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  if (p == NULL) {
+    *os << "NULL";
+  } else {
+    // T is a function type, so '*os << p' doesn't do what we want
+    // (it just prints p as bool).  We want to print p as a const
+    // void*.
+    *os << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(p);
   }
 }
 
 // Used to print a non-container, non-pointer value when the user
 // doesn't define PrintTo() for it.
 template <typename T>
-void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
-                    false_type /* is not a pointer */,
+void DefaultPrintTo(WrapPrinterType<kPrintOther> /* dummy */,
                     const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
   ::testing_internal::DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(value, os);
 }
@@ -452,11 +491,8 @@ void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
 // wants).
 template <typename T>
 void PrintTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  // DefaultPrintTo() is overloaded.  The type of its first two
-  // arguments determine which version will be picked.  If T is an
-  // STL-style container, the version for container will be called; if
-  // T is a pointer, the pointer version will be called; otherwise the
-  // generic version will be called.
+  // DefaultPrintTo() is overloaded.  The type of its first argument
+  // determines which version will be picked.
   //
   // Note that we check for container types here, prior to we check
   // for protocol message types in our operator<<.  The rationale is:
@@ -468,13 +504,27 @@ void PrintTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
   // elements; therefore we check for container types here to ensure
   // that our format is used.
   //
-  // The second argument of DefaultPrintTo() is needed to bypass a bug
-  // in Symbian's C++ compiler that prevents it from picking the right
-  // overload between:
-  //
-  //   PrintTo(const T& x, ...);
-  //   PrintTo(T* x, ...);
-  DefaultPrintTo(IsContainerTest<T>(0), is_pointer<T>(), value, os);
+  // Note that MSVC and clang-cl do allow an implicit conversion from
+  // pointer-to-function to pointer-to-object, but clang-cl warns on it.
+  // So don't use ImplicitlyConvertible if it can be helped since it will
+  // cause this warning, and use a separate overload of DefaultPrintTo for
+  // function pointers so that the `*os << p` in the object pointer overload
+  // doesn't cause that warning either.
+  DefaultPrintTo(
+      WrapPrinterType <
+                  (sizeof(IsContainerTest<T>(0)) == sizeof(IsContainer)) &&
+              !IsRecursiveContainer<T>::value
+          ? kPrintContainer
+          : !is_pointer<T>::value
+                ? kPrintOther
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+                : std::is_function<typename std::remove_pointer<T>::type>::value
+#else
+                : !internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<T, const void*>::value
+#endif
+                      ? kPrintFunctionPointer
+                      : kPrintPointer > (),
+      value, os);
 }
 
 // The following list of PrintTo() overloads tells
@@ -581,6 +631,17 @@ inline void PrintTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+// Overload for absl::string_view.
+inline void PrintTo(absl::string_view sp, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(::std::string(sp), os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+inline void PrintTo(std::nullptr_t, ::std::ostream* os) { *os << "(nullptr)"; }
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 // Helper function for printing a tuple.  T must be instantiated with
 // a tuple type.
@@ -710,6 +771,48 @@ class UniversalPrinter {
   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 };
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+
+// Printer for absl::optional
+
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalPrinter<::absl::optional<T>> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const ::absl::optional<T>& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    *os << '(';
+    if (!value) {
+      *os << "nullopt";
+    } else {
+      UniversalPrint(*value, os);
+    }
+    *os << ')';
+  }
+};
+
+// Printer for absl::variant
+
+template <typename... T>
+class UniversalPrinter<::absl::variant<T...>> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const ::absl::variant<T...>& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    *os << '(';
+    absl::visit(Visitor{os}, value);
+    *os << ')';
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct Visitor {
+    template <typename U>
+    void operator()(const U& u) const {
+      *os << "'" << GetTypeName<U>() << "' with value ";
+      UniversalPrint(u, os);
+    }
+    ::std::ostream* os;
+  };
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+
 // UniversalPrintArray(begin, len, os) prints an array of 'len'
 // elements, starting at address 'begin'.
 template <typename T>
@@ -723,7 +826,7 @@ void UniversalPrintArray(const T* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os) {
     // If the array has more than kThreshold elements, we'll have to
     // omit some details by printing only the first and the last
     // kChunkSize elements.
-    // TODO(wan@google.com): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
+    // FIXME: let the user control the threshold using a flag.
     if (len <= kThreshold) {
       PrintRawArrayTo(begin, len, os);
     } else {
@@ -805,7 +908,7 @@ class UniversalTersePrinter<const char*> {
     if (str == NULL) {
       *os << "NULL";
     } else {
-      UniversalPrint(string(str), os);
+      UniversalPrint(std::string(str), os);
     }
   }
 };
@@ -856,7 +959,7 @@ void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
   UniversalPrinter<T1>::Print(value, os);
 }
 
-typedef ::std::vector<string> Strings;
+typedef ::std::vector< ::std::string> Strings;
 
 // TuplePolicy<TupleT> must provide:
 // - tuple_size
@@ -875,12 +978,13 @@ struct TuplePolicy {
   static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tr1::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
 
   template <size_t I>
-  struct tuple_element : ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
+  struct tuple_element : ::std::tr1::tuple_element<static_cast<int>(I), Tuple> {
+  };
 
   template <size_t I>
-  static typename AddReference<
-      const typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type>::type get(
-      const Tuple& tuple) {
+  static typename AddReference<const typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<
+      static_cast<int>(I), Tuple>::type>::type
+  get(const Tuple& tuple) {
     return ::std::tr1::get<I>(tuple);
   }
 };
@@ -976,6 +1080,16 @@ Strings UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(const Tuple& value) {
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+namespace internal2 {
+template <typename T>
+void TypeWithoutFormatter<T, kConvertibleToStringView>::PrintValue(
+    const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  internal::PrintTo(absl::string_view(value), os);
+}
+}  // namespace internal2
+#endif
+
 template <typename T>
 ::std::string PrintToString(const T& value) {
   ::std::stringstream ss;
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
index f63fa9a1..1e898393 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
@@ -26,17 +26,21 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
 //
 // Utilities for testing Google Test itself and code that uses Google Test
 // (e.g. frameworks built on top of Google Test).
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0004 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
+/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
+
 namespace testing {
 
 // This helper class can be used to mock out Google Test failure reporting
@@ -97,13 +101,12 @@ class GTEST_API_ SingleFailureChecker {
  public:
   // The constructor remembers the arguments.
   SingleFailureChecker(const TestPartResultArray* results,
-                       TestPartResult::Type type,
-                       const string& substr);
+                       TestPartResult::Type type, const std::string& substr);
   ~SingleFailureChecker();
  private:
   const TestPartResultArray* const results_;
   const TestPartResult::Type type_;
-  const string substr_;
+  const std::string substr_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SingleFailureChecker);
 };
@@ -112,6 +115,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ SingleFailureChecker {
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4251
+
 // A set of macros for testing Google Test assertions or code that's expected
 // to generate Google Test fatal failures.  It verifies that the given
 // statement will cause exactly one fatal Google Test failure with 'substr'
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
index 77eb8448..1c7b89e0 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
-//
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
@@ -38,6 +37,9 @@
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
+/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
+
 namespace testing {
 
 // A copyable object representing the result of a test part (i.e. an
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestPartResultArray {
 };
 
 // This interface knows how to report a test part result.
-class TestPartResultReporterInterface {
+class GTEST_API_ TestPartResultReporterInterface {
  public:
   virtual ~TestPartResultReporterInterface() {}
 
@@ -176,4 +178,6 @@ class GTEST_API_ HasNewFatalFailureHelper
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4251
+
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
index 5f69d567..74bce46b 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
+
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_H_
@@ -82,6 +83,24 @@ TYPED_TEST(FooTest, DoesBlah) {
 
 TYPED_TEST(FooTest, HasPropertyA) { ... }
 
+// TYPED_TEST_CASE takes an optional third argument which allows to specify a
+// class that generates custom test name suffixes based on the type. This should
+// be a class which has a static template function GetName(int index) returning
+// a string for each type. The provided integer index equals the index of the
+// type in the provided type list. In many cases the index can be ignored.
+//
+// For example:
+//   class MyTypeNames {
+//    public:
+//     template <typename T>
+//     static std::string GetName(int) {
+//       if (std::is_same<T, char>()) return "char";
+//       if (std::is_same<T, int>()) return "int";
+//       if (std::is_same<T, unsigned int>()) return "unsignedInt";
+//     }
+//   };
+//   TYPED_TEST_CASE(FooTest, MyTypes, MyTypeNames);
+
 #endif  // 0
 
 // Type-parameterized tests are abstract test patterns parameterized
@@ -143,6 +162,11 @@ INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes);
 // If the type list contains only one type, you can write that type
 // directly without Types<...>:
 //   INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, int);
+//
+// Similar to the optional argument of TYPED_TEST_CASE above,
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P takes an optional fourth argument which allows to
+// generate custom names.
+//   INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes, MyTypeNames);
 
 #endif  // 0
 
@@ -159,32 +183,46 @@ INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes);
 // given test case.
 # define GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(TestCaseName) gtest_type_params_##TestCaseName##_
 
+// Expands to the name of the typedef for the NameGenerator, responsible for
+// creating the suffixes of the name.
+#define GTEST_NAME_GENERATOR_(TestCaseName) \
+  gtest_type_params_##TestCaseName##_NameGenerator
+
 // The 'Types' template argument below must have spaces around it
 // since some compilers may choke on '>>' when passing a template
 // instance (e.g. Types<int>)
-# define TYPED_TEST_CASE(CaseName, Types) \
-  typedef ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type \
-      GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(CaseName)
-
-# define TYPED_TEST(CaseName, TestName) \
-  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
-  class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName) \
-      : public CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> { \
-   private: \
-    typedef CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> TestFixture; \
-    typedef gtest_TypeParam_ TypeParam; \
-    virtual void TestBody(); \
-  }; \
-  bool gtest_##CaseName##_##TestName##_registered_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
-      ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTest< \
-          CaseName, \
-          ::testing::internal::TemplateSel< \
-              GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName)>, \
-          GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(CaseName)>::Register(\
-              "", ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), \
-              #CaseName, #TestName, 0); \
-  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
-  void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName)<gtest_TypeParam_>::TestBody()
+# define TYPED_TEST_CASE(CaseName, Types, ...)                             \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_( \
+      CaseName);                                                           \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::NameGeneratorSelector<__VA_ARGS__>::type    \
+      GTEST_NAME_GENERATOR_(CaseName)
+
+# define TYPED_TEST(CaseName, TestName)                                       \
+  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_>                                        \
+  class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName)                            \
+      : public CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> {                                   \
+   private:                                                                   \
+    typedef CaseName<gtest_TypeParam_> TestFixture;                           \
+    typedef gtest_TypeParam_ TypeParam;                                       \
+    virtual void TestBody();                                                  \
+  };                                                                          \
+  static bool gtest_##CaseName##_##TestName##_registered_                     \
+        GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ =                                             \
+      ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTest<                             \
+          CaseName,                                                           \
+          ::testing::internal::TemplateSel<GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName,   \
+                                                                  TestName)>, \
+          GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(                                                 \
+              CaseName)>::Register("",                                        \
+                                   ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(         \
+                                       __FILE__, __LINE__),                   \
+                                   #CaseName, #TestName, 0,                   \
+                                   ::testing::internal::GenerateNames<        \
+                                       GTEST_NAME_GENERATOR_(CaseName),       \
+                                       GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(CaseName)>());      \
+  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_>                                        \
+  void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName,                                       \
+                              TestName)<gtest_TypeParam_>::TestBody()
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
 
@@ -241,22 +279,27 @@ INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTest, MyTypes);
   namespace GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName) { \
   typedef ::testing::internal::Templates<__VA_ARGS__>::type gtest_AllTests_; \
   } \
-  static const char* const GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName) = \
-      GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName).VerifyRegisteredTestNames(\
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__)
+  static const char* const GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName) \
+      GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+          GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName).VerifyRegisteredTestNames( \
+              __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__)
 
 // The 'Types' template argument below must have spaces around it
 // since some compilers may choke on '>>' when passing a template
 // instance (e.g. Types<int>)
-# define INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, CaseName, Types) \
-  bool gtest_##Prefix##_##CaseName GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
-      ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTestCase<CaseName, \
-          GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName)::gtest_AllTests_, \
-          ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type>::Register(\
-              #Prefix, \
-              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), \
-              &GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName), \
-              #CaseName, GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName))
+# define INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, CaseName, Types, ...)      \
+  static bool gtest_##Prefix##_##CaseName GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ =       \
+      ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTestCase<                     \
+          CaseName, GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName)::gtest_AllTests_,     \
+          ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type>::                 \
+          Register(#Prefix,                                               \
+                   ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), \
+                   &GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName), #CaseName,  \
+                   GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName),                \
+                   ::testing::internal::GenerateNames<                    \
+                       ::testing::internal::NameGeneratorSelector<        \
+                           __VA_ARGS__>::type,                            \
+                       ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type>())
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
 
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
index f846c5bd..5df4b0a3 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
@@ -26,10 +26,9 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
 //
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This header file defines the public API for Google Test.  It should be
 // included by any test program that uses Google Test.
@@ -48,6 +47,8 @@
 // registration from Barthelemy Dagenais' (barthelemy@prologique.com)
 // easyUnit framework.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
 
@@ -65,6 +66,9 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-test-part.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-typed-test.h"
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
+/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
+
 // Depending on the platform, different string classes are available.
 // On Linux, in addition to ::std::string, Google also makes use of
 // class ::string, which has the same interface as ::std::string, but
@@ -82,6 +86,15 @@
 
 namespace testing {
 
+// Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter) and 4805
+// unsafe mix of type 'const int' and type 'const bool'
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# pragma warning(push)
+# pragma warning(disable:4805)
+# pragma warning(disable:4100)
+#endif
+
+
 // Declares the flags.
 
 // This flag temporary enables the disabled tests.
@@ -103,6 +116,10 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(color);
 // the tests to run. If the filter is not given all tests are executed.
 GTEST_DECLARE_string_(filter);
 
+// This flag controls whether Google Test installs a signal handler that dumps
+// debugging information when fatal signals are raised.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(install_failure_signal_handler);
+
 // This flag causes the Google Test to list tests. None of the tests listed
 // are actually run if the flag is provided.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(list_tests);
@@ -115,6 +132,9 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(output);
 // test.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(print_time);
 
+// This flags control whether Google Test prints UTF8 characters as text.
+GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(print_utf8);
+
 // This flag specifies the random number seed.
 GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(random_seed);
 
@@ -135,7 +155,7 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(stack_trace_depth);
 
 // When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an
 // exception if exceptions are enabled, or exit the program with a
-// non-zero code otherwise.
+// non-zero code otherwise. For use with an external test framework.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(throw_on_failure);
 
 // When this flag is set with a "host:port" string, on supported
@@ -143,6 +163,10 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(throw_on_failure);
 // the specified host machine.
 GTEST_DECLARE_string_(stream_result_to);
 
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+GTEST_DECLARE_string_(flagfile);
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+
 // The upper limit for valid stack trace depths.
 const int kMaxStackTraceDepth = 100;
 
@@ -160,6 +184,7 @@ class TestEventListenersAccessor;
 class TestEventRepeater;
 class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
 class WindowsDeathTest;
+class FuchsiaDeathTest;
 class UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl();
 void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
                                     const std::string& message);
@@ -259,7 +284,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
   // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
   AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other);
 
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 /* forcing value to bool */)
+#endif
 
   // Used in the EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(bool_expression).
   //
@@ -276,7 +303,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
           /*enabler*/ = NULL)
       : success_(success) {}
 
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif
 
   // Assignment operator.
   AssertionResult& operator=(AssertionResult other) {
@@ -297,7 +326,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
   const char* message() const {
     return message_.get() != NULL ?  message_->c_str() : "";
   }
-  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Remove this after making sure no clients use it.
+  // FIXME: Remove this after making sure no clients use it.
   // Deprecated; please use message() instead.
   const char* failure_message() const { return message(); }
 
@@ -345,6 +374,15 @@ GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure();
 // Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << msg.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& msg);
 
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// Includes the auto-generated header that implements a family of generic
+// predicate assertion macros. This include comes late because it relies on
+// APIs declared above.
+#include "gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+
 // The abstract class that all tests inherit from.
 //
 // In Google Test, a unit test program contains one or many TestCases, and
@@ -355,7 +393,7 @@ GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& msg);
 // this for you.
 //
 // The only time you derive from Test is when defining a test fixture
-// to be used a TEST_F.  For example:
+// to be used in a TEST_F.  For example:
 //
 //   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
 //    protected:
@@ -550,9 +588,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
   // Returns the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
 
-  // Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can range
-  // from 0 to test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts
-  // the program.
+  // Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can range from 0
+  // to total_part_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the program.
   const TestPartResult& GetTestPartResult(int i) const;
 
   // Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
@@ -569,6 +606,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
   friend class internal::TestResultAccessor;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
   friend class internal::WindowsDeathTest;
+  friend class internal::FuchsiaDeathTest;
 
   // Gets the vector of TestPartResults.
   const std::vector<TestPartResult>& test_part_results() const {
@@ -594,7 +632,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
 
   // Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
   // testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
-  // TODO(russr): Validate attribute names are legal and human readable.
+  // FIXME: Validate attribute names are legal and human readable.
   static bool ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
                                    const TestProperty& test_property);
 
@@ -675,6 +713,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
   // Returns the line where this test is defined.
   int line() const { return location_.line; }
 
+  // Return true if this test should not be run because it's in another shard.
+  bool is_in_another_shard() const { return is_in_another_shard_; }
+
   // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not
   // disabled (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has
   // been specified) and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
@@ -695,10 +736,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
 
   // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
   bool is_reportable() const {
-    // For now, the XML report includes all tests matching the filter.
-    // In the future, we may trim tests that are excluded because of
-    // sharding.
-    return matches_filter_;
+    // The XML report includes tests matching the filter, excluding those
+    // run in other shards.
+    return matches_filter_ && !is_in_another_shard_;
   }
 
   // Returns the result of the test.
@@ -762,6 +802,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
   bool is_disabled_;                // True iff this test is disabled
   bool matches_filter_;             // True if this test matches the
                                     // user-specified filter.
+  bool is_in_another_shard_;        // Will be run in another shard.
   internal::TestFactoryBase* const factory_;  // The factory that creates
                                               // the test object
 
@@ -986,6 +1027,18 @@ class Environment {
   virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }
 };
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Exception which can be thrown from TestEventListener::OnTestPartResult.
+class GTEST_API_ AssertionException
+    : public internal::GoogleTestFailureException {
+ public:
+  explicit AssertionException(const TestPartResult& result)
+      : GoogleTestFailureException(result) {}
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
 // The interface for tracing execution of tests. The methods are organized in
 // the order the corresponding events are fired.
 class TestEventListener {
@@ -1014,6 +1067,8 @@ class TestEventListener {
   virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) = 0;
 
   // Fired after a failed assertion or a SUCCEED() invocation.
+  // If you want to throw an exception from this function to skip to the next
+  // TEST, it must be AssertionException defined above, or inherited from it.
   virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) = 0;
 
   // Fired after the test ends.
@@ -1180,14 +1235,12 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   // Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
   int random_seed() const;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
   // Returns the ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
   // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
   internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry()
       GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
   // Gets the number of successful test cases.
   int successful_test_case_count() const;
@@ -1287,11 +1340,11 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() { return impl_; }
   const internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() const { return impl_; }
 
-  // These classes and funcions are friends as they need to access private
+  // These classes and functions are friends as they need to access private
   // members of UnitTest.
+  friend class ScopedTrace;
   friend class Test;
   friend class internal::AssertHelper;
-  friend class internal::ScopedTrace;
   friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
   friend class internal::UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
   friend Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
@@ -1388,11 +1441,9 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
                             const char* rhs_expression,
                             const T1& lhs,
                             const T2& rhs) {
-GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4389 /* signed/unsigned mismatch */)
   if (lhs == rhs) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
-GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
   return CmpHelperEQFailure(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
 }
@@ -1706,7 +1757,6 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertHelper {
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 // The pure interface class that all value-parameterized tests inherit from.
 // A value-parameterized class must inherit from both ::testing::Test and
 // ::testing::WithParamInterface. In most cases that just means inheriting
@@ -1783,8 +1833,6 @@ template <typename T>
 class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
 };
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 // Macros for indicating success/failure in test code.
 
 // ADD_FAILURE unconditionally adds a failure to the current test.
@@ -1857,22 +1905,18 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
 // AssertionResult. For more information on how to use AssertionResult with
 // these macros see comments on that class.
 #define EXPECT_TRUE(condition) \
-  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_((condition), #condition, false, true, \
+  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(condition, #condition, false, true, \
                       GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define EXPECT_FALSE(condition) \
   GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
                       GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_TRUE(condition) \
-  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_((condition), #condition, false, true, \
+  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(condition, #condition, false, true, \
                       GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_FALSE(condition) \
   GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
                       GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 
-// Includes the auto-generated header that implements a family of
-// generic predicate assertion macros.
-#include "gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h"
-
 // Macros for testing equalities and inequalities.
 //
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(v1, v2): Tests that v1 == v2
@@ -1914,8 +1958,8 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
 //
 // Examples:
 //
-//   EXPECT_NE(5, Foo());
-//   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer);
+//   EXPECT_NE(Foo(), 5);
+//   EXPECT_EQ(a_pointer, NULL);
 //   ASSERT_LT(i, array_size);
 //   ASSERT_GT(records.size(), 0) << "There is no record left.";
 
@@ -2101,6 +2145,57 @@ GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
 #define EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(statement) \
     GTEST_TEST_NO_FATAL_FAILURE_(statement, GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 
+// Causes a trace (including the given source file path and line number,
+// and the given message) to be included in every test failure message generated
+// by code in the scope of the lifetime of an instance of this class. The effect
+// is undone with the destruction of the instance.
+//
+// The message argument can be anything streamable to std::ostream.
+//
+// Example:
+//   testing::ScopedTrace trace("file.cc", 123, "message");
+//
+class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
+ public:
+  // The c'tor pushes the given source file location and message onto
+  // a trace stack maintained by Google Test.
+
+  // Template version. Uses Message() to convert the values into strings.
+  // Slow, but flexible.
+  template <typename T>
+  ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const T& message) {
+    PushTrace(file, line, (Message() << message).GetString());
+  }
+
+  // Optimize for some known types.
+  ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const char* message) {
+    PushTrace(file, line, message ? message : "(null)");
+  }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+  ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const ::string& message) {
+    PushTrace(file, line, message);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const std::string& message) {
+    PushTrace(file, line, message);
+  }
+
+  // The d'tor pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
+  //
+  // Note that the d'tor is not virtual in order to be efficient.
+  // Don't inherit from ScopedTrace!
+  ~ScopedTrace();
+
+ private:
+  void PushTrace(const char* file, int line, std::string message);
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedTrace);
+} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;  // A ScopedTrace object does its job in its
+                            // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't
+                            // need to be used otherwise.
+
 // Causes a trace (including the source file path, the current line
 // number, and the given message) to be included in every test failure
 // message generated by code in the current scope.  The effect is
@@ -2112,9 +2207,14 @@ GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
 // of the dummy variable name, thus allowing multiple SCOPED_TRACE()s
 // to appear in the same block - as long as they are on different
 // lines.
+//
+// Assuming that each thread maintains its own stack of traces.
+// Therefore, a SCOPED_TRACE() would (correctly) only affect the
+// assertions in its own thread.
 #define SCOPED_TRACE(message) \
-  ::testing::internal::ScopedTrace GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_trace_, __LINE__)(\
-    __FILE__, __LINE__, ::testing::Message() << (message))
+  ::testing::ScopedTrace GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_trace_, __LINE__)(\
+    __FILE__, __LINE__, (message))
+
 
 // Compile-time assertion for type equality.
 // StaticAssertTypeEq<type1, type2>() compiles iff type1 and type2 are
@@ -2194,7 +2294,7 @@ bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
 // name of the test within the test case.
 //
 // A test fixture class must be declared earlier.  The user should put
-// his test code between braces after using this macro.  Example:
+// the test code between braces after using this macro.  Example:
 //
 //   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
 //    protected:
@@ -2209,14 +2309,22 @@ bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
 //   }
 //
 //   TEST_F(FooTest, ReturnsElementCountCorrectly) {
-//     EXPECT_EQ(0, a_.size());
-//     EXPECT_EQ(1, b_.size());
+//     EXPECT_EQ(a_.size(), 0);
+//     EXPECT_EQ(b_.size(), 1);
 //   }
 
 #define TEST_F(test_fixture, test_name)\
   GTEST_TEST_(test_fixture, test_name, test_fixture, \
               ::testing::internal::GetTypeId<test_fixture>())
 
+// Returns a path to temporary directory.
+// Tries to determine an appropriate directory for the platform.
+GTEST_API_ std::string TempDir();
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace testing
 
 // Use this function in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
@@ -2233,4 +2341,6 @@ inline int RUN_ALL_TESTS() {
   return ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run();
 }
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4251
+
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
index 30ae712f..0c1105cb 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
@@ -27,18 +27,19 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 10/31/2011 by command
+// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 01/02/2018 by command
 // 'gen_gtest_pred_impl.py 5'.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
 //
 // Implements a family of generic predicate assertion macros.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
 
-// Makes sure this header is not included before gtest.h.
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
-# error Do not include gtest_pred_impl.h directly.  Include gtest.h instead.
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace testing {
 
 // This header implements a family of generic predicate assertion
 // macros:
@@ -66,8 +67,6 @@
 // We also define the EXPECT_* variations.
 //
 // For now we only support predicates whose arity is at most 5.
-// Please email googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
-// support for higher arities.
 
 // GTEST_ASSERT_ is the basic statement to which all of the assertions
 // in this file reduce.  Don't use this in your code.
@@ -355,4 +354,6 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred5Helper(const char* pred_text,
 
 
 
+}  // namespace testing
+
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest_prod.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest_prod.h
index da80ddc6..e651671e 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest_prod.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/gtest_prod.h
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
 //
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// Google C++ Testing Framework definitions useful in production code.
+// Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework definitions useful in production code.
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0003 DO NOT DELETE
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PROD_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PROD_H_
@@ -40,17 +40,20 @@
 //
 // class MyClass {
 //  private:
-//   void MyMethod();
-//   FRIEND_TEST(MyClassTest, MyMethod);
+//   void PrivateMethod();
+//   FRIEND_TEST(MyClassTest, PrivateMethodWorks);
 // };
 //
 // class MyClassTest : public testing::Test {
 //   // ...
 // };
 //
-// TEST_F(MyClassTest, MyMethod) {
-//   // Can call MyClass::MyMethod() here.
+// TEST_F(MyClassTest, PrivateMethodWorks) {
+//   // Can call MyClass::PrivateMethod() here.
 // }
+//
+// Note: The test class must be in the same namespace as the class being tested.
+// For example, putting MyClassTest in an anonymous namespace will not work.
 
 #define FRIEND_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)\
 friend class test_case_name##_##test_name##_Test
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
index 2b3a78f5..0a9b42c8 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This header file defines internal utilities needed for implementing
 // death tests.  They are subject to change without notice.
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_INTERNAL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_DEATH_TEST_INTERNAL_H_
@@ -53,6 +52,9 @@ const char kInternalRunDeathTestFlag[] = "internal_run_death_test";
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
+/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
+
 // DeathTest is a class that hides much of the complexity of the
 // GTEST_DEATH_TEST_ macro.  It is abstract; its static Create method
 // returns a concrete class that depends on the prevailing death test
@@ -136,6 +138,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ DeathTest {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DeathTest);
 };
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4251
+
 // Factory interface for death tests.  May be mocked out for testing.
 class DeathTestFactory {
  public:
@@ -218,14 +222,18 @@ GTEST_API_ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status);
 // can be streamed.
 
 // This macro is for implementing ASSERT/EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH when compiled in
-// NDEBUG mode. In this case we need the statements to be executed, the regex is
-// ignored, and the macro must accept a streamed message even though the message
-// is never printed.
-# define GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
-     GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-  } else \
+// NDEBUG mode. In this case we need the statements to be executed and the macro
+// must accept a streamed message even though the message is never printed.
+// The regex object is not evaluated, but it is used to prevent "unused"
+// warnings and to avoid an expression that doesn't compile in debug mode.
+#define GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)             \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_                                \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {                     \
+    GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+  } else if (!::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {             \
+    const ::testing::internal::RE& gtest_regex = (regex);      \
+    static_cast<void>(gtest_regex);                            \
+  } else                                                       \
     ::testing::Message()
 
 // A class representing the parsed contents of the
@@ -264,53 +272,6 @@ class InternalRunDeathTestFlag {
 // the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
 InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag();
 
-#else  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
-// This macro is used for implementing macros such as
-// EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED and ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED on systems where
-// death tests are not supported. Those macros must compile on such systems
-// iff EXPECT_DEATH and ASSERT_DEATH compile with the same parameters on
-// systems that support death tests. This allows one to write such a macro
-// on a system that does not support death tests and be sure that it will
-// compile on a death-test supporting system.
-//
-// Parameters:
-//   statement -  A statement that a macro such as EXPECT_DEATH would test
-//                for program termination. This macro has to make sure this
-//                statement is compiled but not executed, to ensure that
-//                EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED compiles with a certain
-//                parameter iff EXPECT_DEATH compiles with it.
-//   regex     -  A regex that a macro such as EXPECT_DEATH would use to test
-//                the output of statement.  This parameter has to be
-//                compiled but not evaluated by this macro, to ensure that
-//                this macro only accepts expressions that a macro such as
-//                EXPECT_DEATH would accept.
-//   terminator - Must be an empty statement for EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED
-//                and a return statement for ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED.
-//                This ensures that ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED will not
-//                compile inside functions where ASSERT_DEATH doesn't
-//                compile.
-//
-//  The branch that has an always false condition is used to ensure that
-//  statement and regex are compiled (and thus syntactically correct) but
-//  never executed. The unreachable code macro protects the terminator
-//  statement from generating an 'unreachable code' warning in case
-//  statement unconditionally returns or throws. The Message constructor at
-//  the end allows the syntax of streaming additional messages into the
-//  macro, for compilational compatibility with EXPECT_DEATH/ASSERT_DEATH.
-# define GTEST_UNSUPPORTED_DEATH_TEST_(statement, regex, terminator) \
-    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-    if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
-      GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) \
-          << "Death tests are not supported on this platform.\n" \
-          << "Statement '" #statement "' cannot be verified."; \
-    } else if (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse()) { \
-      ::testing::internal::RE::PartialMatch(".*", (regex)); \
-      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-      terminator; \
-    } else \
-      ::testing::Message()
-
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 }  // namespace internal
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
index 7a13b4b0..ae38d95b 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
@@ -27,21 +27,24 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// Author: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
-//
 // Google Test filepath utilities
 //
 // This header file declares classes and functions used internally by
 // Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice.
 //
-// This file is #included in <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>.
+// This file is #included in gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h.
 // Do not include this header file separately!
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
+/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
@@ -203,4 +206,6 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4251
+
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
index ebd1cf61..b762f61f 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This header file declares functions and macros used internally by
 // Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
 
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h"
 
 // Due to C++ preprocessor weirdness, we need double indirection to
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(foo, bar) GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar)
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar) foo ## bar
 
+// Stringifies its argument.
+#define GTEST_STRINGIFY_(name) #name
+
 class ProtocolMessage;
 namespace proto2 { class Message; }
 
@@ -96,7 +99,6 @@ template <typename T>
 namespace internal {
 
 struct TraceInfo;                      // Information about a trace point.
-class ScopedTrace;                     // Implements scoped trace.
 class TestInfoImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of TestInfo
 class UnitTestImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of UnitTest
 
@@ -139,6 +141,9 @@ GTEST_API_ std::string AppendUserMessage(
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4275 \
+/* an exported class was derived from a class that was not exported */)
+
 // This exception is thrown by (and only by) a failed Google Test
 // assertion when GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions
 // are enabled).  We derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for
@@ -150,32 +155,15 @@ class GTEST_API_ GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
   explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure);
 };
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4275
 
-// A helper class for creating scoped traces in user programs.
-class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
- public:
-  // The c'tor pushes the given source file location and message onto
-  // a trace stack maintained by Google Test.
-  ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message);
-
-  // The d'tor pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
-  //
-  // Note that the d'tor is not virtual in order to be efficient.
-  // Don't inherit from ScopedTrace!
-  ~ScopedTrace();
-
- private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedTrace);
-} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;  // A ScopedTrace object does its job in its
-                            // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't
-                            // need to be used otherwise.
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 namespace edit_distance {
 // Returns the optimal edits to go from 'left' to 'right'.
 // All edits cost the same, with replace having lower priority than
 // add/remove.
-// Simple implementation of the Wagner–Fischer algorithm.
+// Simple implementation of the Wagner-Fischer algorithm.
 // See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner-Fischer_algorithm
 enum EditType { kMatch, kAdd, kRemove, kReplace };
 GTEST_API_ std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
@@ -502,9 +490,10 @@ typedef void (*SetUpTestCaseFunc)();
 typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();
 
 struct CodeLocation {
-  CodeLocation(const string& a_file, int a_line) : file(a_file), line(a_line) {}
+  CodeLocation(const std::string& a_file, int a_line)
+      : file(a_file), line(a_line) {}
 
-  string file;
+  std::string file;
   int line;
 };
 
@@ -544,6 +533,9 @@ GTEST_API_ bool SkipPrefix(const char* prefix, const char** pstr);
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
+/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
+
 // State of the definition of a type-parameterized test case.
 class GTEST_API_ TypedTestCasePState {
  public:
@@ -589,6 +581,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ TypedTestCasePState {
   RegisteredTestsMap registered_tests_;
 };
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4251
+
 // Skips to the first non-space char after the first comma in 'str';
 // returns NULL if no comma is found in 'str'.
 inline const char* SkipComma(const char* str) {
@@ -612,6 +606,37 @@ inline std::string GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {
 void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
                  ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest);
 
+// The default argument to the template below for the case when the user does
+// not provide a name generator.
+struct DefaultNameGenerator {
+  template <typename T>
+  static std::string GetName(int i) {
+    return StreamableToString(i);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Provided = DefaultNameGenerator>
+struct NameGeneratorSelector {
+  typedef Provided type;
+};
+
+template <typename NameGenerator>
+void GenerateNamesRecursively(Types0, std::vector<std::string>*, int) {}
+
+template <typename NameGenerator, typename Types>
+void GenerateNamesRecursively(Types, std::vector<std::string>* result, int i) {
+  result->push_back(NameGenerator::template GetName<typename Types::Head>(i));
+  GenerateNamesRecursively<NameGenerator>(typename Types::Tail(), result,
+                                          i + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename NameGenerator, typename Types>
+std::vector<std::string> GenerateNames() {
+  std::vector<std::string> result;
+  GenerateNamesRecursively<NameGenerator>(Types(), &result, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
 // TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types>::Register()
 // registers a list of type-parameterized tests with Google Test.  The
 // return value is insignificant - we just need to return something
@@ -626,10 +651,10 @@ class TypeParameterizedTest {
   // specified in INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, TestCase,
   // Types).  Valid values for 'index' are [0, N - 1] where N is the
   // length of Types.
-  static bool Register(const char* prefix,
-                       CodeLocation code_location,
-                       const char* case_name, const char* test_names,
-                       int index) {
+  static bool Register(const char* prefix, const CodeLocation& code_location,
+                       const char* case_name, const char* test_names, int index,
+                       const std::vector<std::string>& type_names =
+                           GenerateNames<DefaultNameGenerator, Types>()) {
     typedef typename Types::Head Type;
     typedef Fixture<Type> FixtureClass;
     typedef typename GTEST_BIND_(TestSel, Type) TestClass;
@@ -637,20 +662,23 @@ class TypeParameterizedTest {
     // First, registers the first type-parameterized test in the type
     // list.
     MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-        (std::string(prefix) + (prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/") + case_name + "/"
-         + StreamableToString(index)).c_str(),
+        (std::string(prefix) + (prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/") + case_name +
+         "/" + type_names[index])
+            .c_str(),
         StripTrailingSpaces(GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names)).c_str(),
         GetTypeName<Type>().c_str(),
         NULL,  // No value parameter.
-        code_location,
-        GetTypeId<FixtureClass>(),
-        TestClass::SetUpTestCase,
-        TestClass::TearDownTestCase,
-        new TestFactoryImpl<TestClass>);
+        code_location, GetTypeId<FixtureClass>(), TestClass::SetUpTestCase,
+        TestClass::TearDownTestCase, new TestFactoryImpl<TestClass>);
 
     // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the type list.
-    return TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, typename Types::Tail>
-        ::Register(prefix, code_location, case_name, test_names, index + 1);
+    return TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel,
+                                 typename Types::Tail>::Register(prefix,
+                                                                 code_location,
+                                                                 case_name,
+                                                                 test_names,
+                                                                 index + 1,
+                                                                 type_names);
   }
 };
 
@@ -658,9 +686,11 @@ class TypeParameterizedTest {
 template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, class TestSel>
 class TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types0> {
  public:
-  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, CodeLocation,
+  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, const CodeLocation&,
                        const char* /*case_name*/, const char* /*test_names*/,
-                       int /*index*/) {
+                       int /*index*/,
+                       const std::vector<std::string>& =
+                           std::vector<std::string>() /*type_names*/) {
     return true;
   }
 };
@@ -673,8 +703,10 @@ template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, typename Tests, typename Types>
 class TypeParameterizedTestCase {
  public:
   static bool Register(const char* prefix, CodeLocation code_location,
-                       const TypedTestCasePState* state,
-                       const char* case_name, const char* test_names) {
+                       const TypedTestCasePState* state, const char* case_name,
+                       const char* test_names,
+                       const std::vector<std::string>& type_names =
+                           GenerateNames<DefaultNameGenerator, Types>()) {
     std::string test_name = StripTrailingSpaces(
         GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names));
     if (!state->TestExists(test_name)) {
@@ -691,12 +723,14 @@ class TypeParameterizedTestCase {
 
     // First, register the first test in 'Test' for each type in 'Types'.
     TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, Head, Types>::Register(
-        prefix, test_location, case_name, test_names, 0);
+        prefix, test_location, case_name, test_names, 0, type_names);
 
     // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the test list.
-    return TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, typename Tests::Tail, Types>
-        ::Register(prefix, code_location, state,
-                   case_name, SkipComma(test_names));
+    return TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, typename Tests::Tail,
+                                     Types>::Register(prefix, code_location,
+                                                      state, case_name,
+                                                      SkipComma(test_names),
+                                                      type_names);
   }
 };
 
@@ -704,9 +738,11 @@ class TypeParameterizedTestCase {
 template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, typename Types>
 class TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Templates0, Types> {
  public:
-  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, CodeLocation,
+  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, const CodeLocation&,
                        const TypedTestCasePState* /*state*/,
-                       const char* /*case_name*/, const char* /*test_names*/) {
+                       const char* /*case_name*/, const char* /*test_names*/,
+                       const std::vector<std::string>& =
+                           std::vector<std::string>() /*type_names*/) {
     return true;
   }
 };
@@ -823,31 +859,6 @@ struct RemoveConst<T[N]> {
 #define GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(T) \
     GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T))
 
-// Adds reference to a type if it is not a reference type,
-// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as
-// tr1::add_reference, which is not widely available yet.
-template <typename T>
-struct AddReference { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
-template <typename T>
-struct AddReference<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
-
-// A handy wrapper around AddReference that works when the argument T
-// depends on template parameters.
-#define GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) \
-    typename ::testing::internal::AddReference<T>::type
-
-// Adds a reference to const on top of T as necessary.  For example,
-// it transforms
-//
-//   char         ==> const char&
-//   const char   ==> const char&
-//   char&        ==> const char&
-//   const char&  ==> const char&
-//
-// The argument T must depend on some template parameters.
-#define GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T) \
-    GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(const GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T))
-
 // ImplicitlyConvertible<From, To>::value is a compile-time bool
 // constant that's true iff type From can be implicitly converted to
 // type To.
@@ -917,8 +928,11 @@ struct IsAProtocolMessage
 // a container class by checking the type of IsContainerTest<C>(0).
 // The value of the expression is insignificant.
 //
-// Note that we look for both C::iterator and C::const_iterator.  The
-// reason is that C++ injects the name of a class as a member of the
+// In C++11 mode we check the existence of a const_iterator and that an
+// iterator is properly implemented for the container.
+//
+// For pre-C++11 that we look for both C::iterator and C::const_iterator.
+// The reason is that C++ injects the name of a class as a member of the
 // class itself (e.g. you can refer to class iterator as either
 // 'iterator' or 'iterator::iterator').  If we look for C::iterator
 // only, for example, we would mistakenly think that a class named
@@ -928,17 +942,96 @@ struct IsAProtocolMessage
 // IsContainerTest(typename C::const_iterator*) and
 // IsContainerTest(...) doesn't work with Visual Age C++ and Sun C++.
 typedef int IsContainer;
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+template <class C,
+          class Iterator = decltype(::std::declval<const C&>().begin()),
+          class = decltype(::std::declval<const C&>().end()),
+          class = decltype(++::std::declval<Iterator&>()),
+          class = decltype(*::std::declval<Iterator>()),
+          class = typename C::const_iterator>
+IsContainer IsContainerTest(int /* dummy */) {
+  return 0;
+}
+#else
 template <class C>
 IsContainer IsContainerTest(int /* dummy */,
                             typename C::iterator* /* it */ = NULL,
                             typename C::const_iterator* /* const_it */ = NULL) {
   return 0;
 }
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 typedef char IsNotContainer;
 template <class C>
 IsNotContainer IsContainerTest(long /* dummy */) { return '\0'; }
 
+// Trait to detect whether a type T is a hash table.
+// The heuristic used is that the type contains an inner type `hasher` and does
+// not contain an inner type `reverse_iterator`.
+// If the container is iterable in reverse, then order might actually matter.
+template <typename T>
+struct IsHashTable {
+ private:
+  template <typename U>
+  static char test(typename U::hasher*, typename U::reverse_iterator*);
+  template <typename U>
+  static int test(typename U::hasher*, ...);
+  template <typename U>
+  static char test(...);
+
+ public:
+  static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0, 0)) == sizeof(int);
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+const bool IsHashTable<T>::value;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct VoidT {
+    typedef void value_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename = void>
+struct HasValueType : false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct HasValueType<T, VoidT<typename T::value_type> > : true_type {
+};
+
+template <typename C,
+          bool = sizeof(IsContainerTest<C>(0)) == sizeof(IsContainer),
+          bool = HasValueType<C>::value>
+struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl;
+
+template <typename C, bool HV>
+struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C, false, HV> : public false_type {};
+
+// Since the IsRecursiveContainerImpl depends on the IsContainerTest we need to
+// obey the same inconsistencies as the IsContainerTest, namely check if
+// something is a container is relying on only const_iterator in C++11 and
+// is relying on both const_iterator and iterator otherwise
+template <typename C>
+struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C, true, false> : public false_type {};
+
+template <typename C>
+struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C, true, true> {
+  #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+  typedef typename IteratorTraits<typename C::const_iterator>::value_type
+      value_type;
+#else
+  typedef typename IteratorTraits<typename C::iterator>::value_type value_type;
+#endif
+  typedef is_same<value_type, C> type;
+};
+
+// IsRecursiveContainer<Type> is a unary compile-time predicate that
+// evaluates whether C is a recursive container type. A recursive container
+// type is a container type whose value_type is equal to the container type
+// itself. An example for a recursive container type is
+// boost::filesystem::path, whose iterator has a value_type that is equal to
+// boost::filesystem::path.
+template <typename C>
+struct IsRecursiveContainer : public IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C>::type {};
+
 // EnableIf<condition>::type is void when 'Cond' is true, and
 // undefined when 'Cond' is false.  To use SFINAE to make a function
 // overload only apply when a particular expression is true, add
@@ -1070,7 +1163,7 @@ class NativeArray {
  private:
   enum {
     kCheckTypeIsNotConstOrAReference = StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<
-        Element, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>::value,
+        Element, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>::value
   };
 
   // Initializes this object with a copy of the input.
@@ -1115,7 +1208,7 @@ class NativeArray {
 #define GTEST_SUCCESS_(message) \
   GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kSuccess)
 
-// Suppresses MSVC warnings 4072 (unreachable code) for the code following
+// Suppress MSVC warning 4702 (unreachable code) for the code following
 // statement if it returns or throws (or doesn't return or throw in some
 // situations).
 #define GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement) \
@@ -1235,4 +1328,3 @@ class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) : public parent_class {\
 void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
-
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
index 36029422..082b8728 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// Authors: Dan Egnor (egnor@google.com)
-//
 // A "smart" pointer type with reference tracking.  Every pointer to a
 // particular object is kept on a circular linked list.  When the last pointer
 // to an object is destroyed or reassigned, the object is deleted.
@@ -62,9 +60,11 @@
 //       raw pointer (e.g. via get()) concurrently, and
 //     - it's safe to write to two linked_ptrs that point to the same
 //       shared object concurrently.
-// TODO(wan@google.com): rename this to safe_linked_ptr to avoid
+// FIXME: rename this to safe_linked_ptr to avoid
 // confusion with normal linked_ptr.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_LINKED_PTR_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_LINKED_PTR_H_
 
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
index 4d1d81d2..4fac8c02 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
 
 // Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
 // This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
@@ -43,17 +42,14 @@
 // by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
 // currently set at 10.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
 
-// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
-// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
-// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 namespace testing {
 
 // Forward declarations of ValuesIn(), which is implemented in
@@ -84,6 +80,8 @@ class ValueArray1 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray1(const ValueArray1& other) : v1_(other.v1_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray1& other);
@@ -102,6 +100,8 @@ class ValueArray2 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray2(const ValueArray2& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray2& other);
@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ class ValueArray3 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray3(const ValueArray3& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray3& other);
@@ -144,6 +147,9 @@ class ValueArray4 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray4(const ValueArray4& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray4& other);
@@ -167,6 +173,9 @@ class ValueArray5 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray5(const ValueArray5& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray5& other);
@@ -193,6 +202,9 @@ class ValueArray6 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray6(const ValueArray6& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray6& other);
@@ -220,6 +232,10 @@ class ValueArray7 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray7(const ValueArray7& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray7& other);
@@ -249,6 +265,10 @@ class ValueArray8 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray8(const ValueArray8& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray8& other);
@@ -280,6 +300,10 @@ class ValueArray9 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray9(const ValueArray9& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray9& other);
@@ -312,6 +336,10 @@ class ValueArray10 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray10(const ValueArray10& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray10& other);
@@ -346,6 +374,11 @@ class ValueArray11 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray11(const ValueArray11& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray11& other);
@@ -382,6 +415,11 @@ class ValueArray12 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray12(const ValueArray12& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray12& other);
@@ -420,6 +458,11 @@ class ValueArray13 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray13(const ValueArray13& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray13& other);
@@ -459,6 +502,11 @@ class ValueArray14 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray14(const ValueArray14& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray14& other);
@@ -500,6 +548,12 @@ class ValueArray15 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray15(const ValueArray15& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray15& other);
@@ -544,6 +598,12 @@ class ValueArray16 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray16(const ValueArray16& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray16& other);
@@ -589,6 +649,12 @@ class ValueArray17 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray17(const ValueArray17& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray17& other);
@@ -636,6 +702,12 @@ class ValueArray18 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray18(const ValueArray18& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray18& other);
@@ -684,6 +756,13 @@ class ValueArray19 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray19(const ValueArray19& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray19& other);
@@ -734,6 +813,13 @@ class ValueArray20 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray20(const ValueArray20& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray20& other);
@@ -787,6 +873,13 @@ class ValueArray21 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray21(const ValueArray21& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray21& other);
@@ -841,6 +934,13 @@ class ValueArray22 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray22(const ValueArray22& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray22& other);
@@ -897,6 +997,14 @@ class ValueArray23 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray23(const ValueArray23& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray23& other);
@@ -955,6 +1063,14 @@ class ValueArray24 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray24(const ValueArray24& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray24& other);
@@ -1014,6 +1130,14 @@ class ValueArray25 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray25(const ValueArray25& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray25& other);
@@ -1075,6 +1199,14 @@ class ValueArray26 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray26(const ValueArray26& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray26& other);
@@ -1139,6 +1271,15 @@ class ValueArray27 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray27(const ValueArray27& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray27& other);
@@ -1204,6 +1345,15 @@ class ValueArray28 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray28(const ValueArray28& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray28& other);
@@ -1270,6 +1420,15 @@ class ValueArray29 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray29(const ValueArray29& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray29& other);
@@ -1339,6 +1498,15 @@ class ValueArray30 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray30(const ValueArray30& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray30& other);
@@ -1410,6 +1578,16 @@ class ValueArray31 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray31(const ValueArray31& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray31& other);
@@ -1482,6 +1660,16 @@ class ValueArray32 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray32(const ValueArray32& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray32& other);
@@ -1557,6 +1745,16 @@ class ValueArray33 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray33(const ValueArray33& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray33& other);
@@ -1633,6 +1831,16 @@ class ValueArray34 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray34(const ValueArray34& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray34& other);
@@ -1710,6 +1918,17 @@ class ValueArray35 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray35(const ValueArray35& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray35& other);
@@ -1790,6 +2009,17 @@ class ValueArray36 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray36(const ValueArray36& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray36& other);
@@ -1872,6 +2102,17 @@ class ValueArray37 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray37(const ValueArray37& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray37& other);
@@ -1955,6 +2196,17 @@ class ValueArray38 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray38(const ValueArray38& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray38& other);
@@ -2040,6 +2292,18 @@ class ValueArray39 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray39(const ValueArray39& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray39& other);
@@ -2127,6 +2391,18 @@ class ValueArray40 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray40(const ValueArray40& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray40& other);
@@ -2216,6 +2492,18 @@ class ValueArray41 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray41(const ValueArray41& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray41& other);
@@ -2307,6 +2595,18 @@ class ValueArray42 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray42(const ValueArray42& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_), v42_(other.v42_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray42& other);
@@ -2399,6 +2699,19 @@ class ValueArray43 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray43(const ValueArray43& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_), v42_(other.v42_),
+      v43_(other.v43_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray43& other);
@@ -2493,6 +2806,19 @@ class ValueArray44 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray44(const ValueArray44& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_), v42_(other.v42_),
+      v43_(other.v43_), v44_(other.v44_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray44& other);
@@ -2589,6 +2915,19 @@ class ValueArray45 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray45(const ValueArray45& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_), v42_(other.v42_),
+      v43_(other.v43_), v44_(other.v44_), v45_(other.v45_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray45& other);
@@ -2687,6 +3026,19 @@ class ValueArray46 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray46(const ValueArray46& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_), v42_(other.v42_),
+      v43_(other.v43_), v44_(other.v44_), v45_(other.v45_), v46_(other.v46_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray46& other);
@@ -2787,6 +3139,20 @@ class ValueArray47 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray47(const ValueArray47& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_), v42_(other.v42_),
+      v43_(other.v43_), v44_(other.v44_), v45_(other.v45_), v46_(other.v46_),
+      v47_(other.v47_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray47& other);
@@ -2889,6 +3255,20 @@ class ValueArray48 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray48(const ValueArray48& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_), v42_(other.v42_),
+      v43_(other.v43_), v44_(other.v44_), v45_(other.v45_), v46_(other.v46_),
+      v47_(other.v47_), v48_(other.v48_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray48& other);
@@ -2992,6 +3372,20 @@ class ValueArray49 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray49(const ValueArray49& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_), v42_(other.v42_),
+      v43_(other.v43_), v44_(other.v44_), v45_(other.v45_), v46_(other.v46_),
+      v47_(other.v47_), v48_(other.v48_), v49_(other.v49_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray49& other);
@@ -3096,6 +3490,20 @@ class ValueArray50 {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray50(const ValueArray50& other) : v1_(other.v1_), v2_(other.v2_),
+      v3_(other.v3_), v4_(other.v4_), v5_(other.v5_), v6_(other.v6_),
+      v7_(other.v7_), v8_(other.v8_), v9_(other.v9_), v10_(other.v10_),
+      v11_(other.v11_), v12_(other.v12_), v13_(other.v13_), v14_(other.v14_),
+      v15_(other.v15_), v16_(other.v16_), v17_(other.v17_), v18_(other.v18_),
+      v19_(other.v19_), v20_(other.v20_), v21_(other.v21_), v22_(other.v22_),
+      v23_(other.v23_), v24_(other.v24_), v25_(other.v25_), v26_(other.v26_),
+      v27_(other.v27_), v28_(other.v28_), v29_(other.v29_), v30_(other.v30_),
+      v31_(other.v31_), v32_(other.v32_), v33_(other.v33_), v34_(other.v34_),
+      v35_(other.v35_), v36_(other.v36_), v37_(other.v37_), v38_(other.v38_),
+      v39_(other.v39_), v40_(other.v40_), v41_(other.v41_), v42_(other.v42_),
+      v43_(other.v43_), v44_(other.v44_), v45_(other.v45_), v46_(other.v46_),
+      v47_(other.v47_), v48_(other.v48_), v49_(other.v49_), v50_(other.v50_) {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray50& other);
@@ -3208,7 +3616,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator2
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -3240,7 +3648,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator2
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_);
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType(*current1_, *current2_));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -3262,7 +3670,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator2
     const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator begin2_;
     const typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator end2_;
     typename ParamGenerator<T2>::iterator current2_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator2::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -3331,7 +3739,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator3
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -3367,7 +3775,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator3
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_);
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -3393,7 +3801,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator3
     const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator begin3_;
     const typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator end3_;
     typename ParamGenerator<T3>::iterator current3_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator3::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -3472,7 +3880,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator4
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -3512,8 +3920,8 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator4
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_);
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -3543,7 +3951,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator4
     const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator begin4_;
     const typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator end4_;
     typename ParamGenerator<T4>::iterator current4_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator4::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -3630,7 +4038,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator5
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -3674,8 +4082,8 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator5
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_);
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -3709,7 +4117,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator5
     const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator begin5_;
     const typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator end5_;
     typename ParamGenerator<T5>::iterator current5_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator5::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -3807,7 +4215,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator6
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -3855,8 +4263,8 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator6
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_);
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -3894,7 +4302,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator6
     const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator begin6_;
     const typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator end6_;
     typename ParamGenerator<T6>::iterator current6_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator6::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -4001,7 +4409,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator7
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -4053,8 +4461,8 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator7
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_);
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -4096,7 +4504,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator7
     const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator begin7_;
     const typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator end7_;
     typename ParamGenerator<T7>::iterator current7_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator7::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -4214,7 +4622,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator8
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -4270,8 +4678,8 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator8
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
-            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_);
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+            *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -4317,7 +4725,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator8
     const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator begin8_;
     const typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator end8_;
     typename ParamGenerator<T8>::iterator current8_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator8::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -4443,7 +4851,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator9
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -4503,9 +4911,9 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator9
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
             *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_,
-            *current9_);
+            *current9_));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -4555,7 +4963,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator9
     const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator begin9_;
     const typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator end9_;
     typename ParamGenerator<T9>::iterator current9_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator9::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -4690,7 +5098,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator10
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -4754,9 +5162,9 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator10
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType(*current1_, *current2_, *current3_,
             *current4_, *current5_, *current6_, *current7_, *current8_,
-            *current9_, *current10_);
+            *current9_, *current10_));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -4810,7 +5218,7 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator10
     const typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator begin10_;
     const typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator end10_;
     typename ParamGenerator<T10>::iterator current10_;
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator10::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -5141,6 +5549,4 @@ CartesianProductHolder10(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#endif  //  GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
index 5c7c47af..30dffe43 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ $var maxtuple = 10  $$ Maximum number of Combine arguments we want to support.
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
 
 // Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
 // This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
@@ -42,17 +41,14 @@ $var maxtuple = 10  $$ Maximum number of Combine arguments we want to support.
 // by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
 // currently set at $maxtuple.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
 
-// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
-// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
-// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 namespace testing {
 
 // Forward declarations of ValuesIn(), which is implemented in
@@ -87,6 +83,8 @@ class ValueArray$i {
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
+  ValueArray$i(const ValueArray$i& other) : $for j, [[v$(j)_(other.v$(j)_)]] {}
+
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray$i& other);
@@ -165,7 +163,7 @@ $for k [[
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
-    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return &current_value_; }
+    virtual const ParamType* Current() const { return current_value_.get(); }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
       // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
@@ -197,7 +195,7 @@ $for k [[
 
     void ComputeCurrentValue() {
       if (!AtEnd())
-        current_value_ = ParamType($for j, [[*current$(j)_]]);
+        current_value_.reset(new ParamType($for j, [[*current$(j)_]]));
     }
     bool AtEnd() const {
       // We must report iterator past the end of the range when either of the
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ $for j [[
     typename ParamGenerator<T$j>::iterator current$(j)_;
 ]]
 
-    ParamType current_value_;
+    linked_ptr<ParamType> current_value_;
   };  // class CartesianProductGenerator$i::Iterator
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -281,6 +279,4 @@ $for j [[
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#endif  //  GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
index 82cab9b0..d64f620c 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
 
 // Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
 
@@ -41,16 +42,11 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-// scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
-// *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
-// inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 namespace testing {
 
 // Input to a parameterized test name generator, describing a test parameter.
@@ -472,7 +468,7 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
   virtual ~ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase() {}
 
   // Base part of test case name for display purposes.
-  virtual const string& GetTestCaseName() const = 0;
+  virtual const std::string& GetTestCaseName() const = 0;
   // Test case id to verify identity.
   virtual TypeId GetTestCaseTypeId() const = 0;
   // UnitTest class invokes this method to register tests in this
@@ -511,7 +507,7 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
       : test_case_name_(name), code_location_(code_location) {}
 
   // Test case base name for display purposes.
-  virtual const string& GetTestCaseName() const { return test_case_name_; }
+  virtual const std::string& GetTestCaseName() const { return test_case_name_; }
   // Test case id to verify identity.
   virtual TypeId GetTestCaseTypeId() const { return GetTypeId<TestCase>(); }
   // TEST_P macro uses AddTestPattern() to record information
@@ -529,11 +525,10 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
   }
   // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro uses AddGenerator() to record information
   // about a generator.
-  int AddTestCaseInstantiation(const string& instantiation_name,
+  int AddTestCaseInstantiation(const std::string& instantiation_name,
                                GeneratorCreationFunc* func,
                                ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func,
-                               const char* file,
-                               int line) {
+                               const char* file, int line) {
     instantiations_.push_back(
         InstantiationInfo(instantiation_name, func, name_func, file, line));
     return 0;  // Return value used only to run this method in namespace scope.
@@ -550,13 +545,13 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
       for (typename InstantiationContainer::iterator gen_it =
                instantiations_.begin(); gen_it != instantiations_.end();
                ++gen_it) {
-        const string& instantiation_name = gen_it->name;
+        const std::string& instantiation_name = gen_it->name;
         ParamGenerator<ParamType> generator((*gen_it->generator)());
         ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func = gen_it->name_func;
         const char* file = gen_it->file;
         int line = gen_it->line;
 
-        string test_case_name;
+        std::string test_case_name;
         if ( !instantiation_name.empty() )
           test_case_name = instantiation_name + "/";
         test_case_name += test_info->test_case_base_name;
@@ -609,8 +604,8 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
         test_base_name(a_test_base_name),
         test_meta_factory(a_test_meta_factory) {}
 
-    const string test_case_base_name;
-    const string test_base_name;
+    const std::string test_case_base_name;
+    const std::string test_base_name;
     const scoped_ptr<TestMetaFactoryBase<ParamType> > test_meta_factory;
   };
   typedef ::std::vector<linked_ptr<TestInfo> > TestInfoContainer;
@@ -651,7 +646,7 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
     return true;
   }
 
-  const string test_case_name_;
+  const std::string test_case_name_;
   CodeLocation code_location_;
   TestInfoContainer tests_;
   InstantiationContainer instantiations_;
@@ -726,6 +721,4 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry {
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#endif  //  GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
index 74ab9490..f83700e0 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This header file defines the GTEST_OS_* macro.
 // It is separate from gtest-port.h so that custom/gtest-port.h can include it.
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@
 #   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE 1
 #  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_APP)
 #   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT 1
+#  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_TV_TITLE)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE 1
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_TV_TITLE 1
 #  else
     // WINAPI_FAMILY defined but no known partition matched.
     // Default to desktop.
@@ -69,6 +72,8 @@
 # endif
 #elif defined __FreeBSD__
 # define GTEST_OS_FREEBSD 1
+#elif defined __Fuchsia__
+# define GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA 1
 #elif defined __linux__
 # define GTEST_OS_LINUX 1
 # if defined __ANDROID__
@@ -84,6 +89,8 @@
 # define GTEST_OS_HPUX 1
 #elif defined __native_client__
 # define GTEST_OS_NACL 1
+#elif defined __NetBSD__
+# define GTEST_OS_NETBSD 1
 #elif defined __OpenBSD__
 # define GTEST_OS_OPENBSD 1
 #elif defined __QNX__
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
index 0094ed50..786497d8 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
 // Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Test to various
 // platforms.  All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
 // internal namespace are subject to change without notice.  Code
@@ -40,6 +38,8 @@
 // files are expected to #include this.  Therefore, it cannot #include
 // any other Google Test header.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 
@@ -73,11 +73,9 @@
 //   GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS     - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that exceptions
 //                              are enabled.
 //   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::string
-//                              is/isn't available (some systems define
-//                              ::string, which is different to std::string).
-//   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::string
-//                              is/isn't available (some systems define
-//                              ::wstring, which is different to std::wstring).
+//                              is/isn't available
+//   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::wstring
+//                              is/isn't available
 //   GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE       - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that POSIX regular
 //                              expressions are/aren't available.
 //   GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD        - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that <pthread.h>
@@ -109,6 +107,12 @@
 //   GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
 //                            - Define to 1 when compiling Google Test itself
 //                              as a shared library.
+//   GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
+//                            - The default value of --gtest_death_test_style.
+//                              The legacy default has been "fast" in the open
+//                              source version since 2008. The recommended value
+//                              is "threadsafe", and can be set in
+//                              custom/gtest-port.h.
 
 // Platform-indicating macros
 // --------------------------
@@ -122,12 +126,14 @@
 //   GTEST_OS_AIX      - IBM AIX
 //   GTEST_OS_CYGWIN   - Cygwin
 //   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD  - FreeBSD
+//   GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA  - Fuchsia
 //   GTEST_OS_HPUX     - HP-UX
 //   GTEST_OS_LINUX    - Linux
 //     GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID - Google Android
 //   GTEST_OS_MAC      - Mac OS X
 //     GTEST_OS_IOS    - iOS
 //   GTEST_OS_NACL     - Google Native Client (NaCl)
+//   GTEST_OS_NETBSD   - NetBSD
 //   GTEST_OS_OPENBSD  - OpenBSD
 //   GTEST_OS_QNX      - QNX
 //   GTEST_OS_SOLARIS  - Sun Solaris
@@ -169,15 +175,15 @@
 //   GTEST_HAS_COMBINE      - the Combine() function (for value-parameterized
 //                            tests)
 //   GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST   - death tests
-//   GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST   - value-parameterized tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST   - typed tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P - type-parameterized tests
 //   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE    - Google Test is thread-safe.
+//   GOOGLETEST_CM0007 DO NOT DELETE
 //   GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE    - enhanced POSIX regex is used. Do not confuse with
 //                            GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (see above) which users can
 //                            define themselves.
 //   GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE   - our own simple regex is used;
-//                            the above two are mutually exclusive.
+//                            the above RE\b(s) are mutually exclusive.
 //   GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL - accepts untyped NULL in EXPECT_EQ().
 
 // Misc public macros
@@ -206,6 +212,7 @@
 //
 // C++11 feature wrappers:
 //
+//   testing::internal::forward - portability wrapper for std::forward.
 //   testing::internal::move  - portability wrapper for std::move.
 //
 // Synchronization:
@@ -222,10 +229,10 @@
 //
 // Regular expressions:
 //   RE             - a simple regular expression class using the POSIX
-//                    Extended Regular Expression syntax on UNIX-like
-//                    platforms, or a reduced regular exception syntax on
-//                    other platforms, including Windows.
-//
+//                    Extended Regular Expression syntax on UNIX-like platforms
+//                    GOOGLETEST_CM0008 DO NOT DELETE
+//                    or a reduced regular exception syntax on other
+//                    platforms, including Windows.
 // Logging:
 //   GTEST_LOG_()   - logs messages at the specified severity level.
 //   LogToStderr()  - directs all log messages to stderr.
@@ -271,10 +278,12 @@
 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
 #endif
 
+// Brings in the definition of HAS_GLOBAL_STRING.  This must be done
+// BEFORE we test HAS_GLOBAL_STRING.
+#include <string>  // NOLINT
 #include <algorithm>  // NOLINT
 #include <iostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>  // NOLINT
-#include <string>  // NOLINT
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>  // NOLINT
 
@@ -306,7 +315,7 @@
 //   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 4385)
 //   /* code that triggers warnings C4800 and C4385 */
 //   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
-#if _MSC_VER >= 1500
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400
 # define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings) \
     __pragma(warning(push))                        \
     __pragma(warning(disable: warnings))
@@ -318,12 +327,28 @@
 # define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 #endif
 
+// Clang on Windows does not understand MSVC's pragma warning.
+// We need clang-specific way to disable function deprecation warning.
+#ifdef __clang__
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_()                         \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")                                  \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"") \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-implementations\"")
+#define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_() \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#else
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif
+
 #ifndef GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 // gcc and clang define __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ when
 // -std={c,gnu}++{0x,11} is passed.  The C++11 standard specifies a
 // value for __cplusplus, and recent versions of clang, gcc, and
 // probably other compilers set that too in C++11 mode.
-# if __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ || __cplusplus >= 201103L
+# if __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ || __cplusplus >= 201103L || _MSC_VER >= 1900
 // Compiling in at least C++11 mode.
 #  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 1
 # else
@@ -355,12 +380,16 @@
 #if GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_BEGIN_AND_END_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_ 1
-# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ 1
+# if !defined(_MSC_VER) || (_MSC_FULL_VER >= 190023824)
+// works only with VS2015U2 and better
+#   define GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ 1
+# endif
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_ 1
-# define GTEST_HAS_STD_SHARED_PTR_ 1
-# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_UNIQUE_PTR_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_SHARED_PTR_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_ 1
 #endif
 
 // C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple.
@@ -368,7 +397,8 @@
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
 # if defined(__clang__)
-// Inspired by http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#__has_include
+// Inspired by
+// https://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#include-file-checking-macros
 #  if defined(__has_include) && !__has_include(<tuple>)
 #   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 #  endif
@@ -380,7 +410,7 @@
 # elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
 // Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp,
 // http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.2/changes.html and
-// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt01ch01.html#manual.intro.status.standard.200x
+// https://web.archive.org/web/20140227044429/gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt01ch01.html#manual.intro.status.standard.200x
 #  if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
 #   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 #  endif
@@ -396,10 +426,16 @@
 #  include <io.h>
 # endif
 // In order to avoid having to include <windows.h>, use forward declaration
-// assuming CRITICAL_SECTION is a typedef of _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW && !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+// MinGW defined _CRITICAL_SECTION and _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION as two
+// separate (equivalent) structs, instead of using typedef
+typedef struct _CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+#else
+// Assume CRITICAL_SECTION is a typedef of _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
 // This assumption is verified by
 // WindowsTypesTest.CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
-struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+typedef struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+#endif
 #else
 // This assumes that non-Windows OSes provide unistd.h. For OSes where this
 // is not the case, we need to include headers that provide the functions
@@ -453,8 +489,11 @@ struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 // The user didn't tell us whether exceptions are enabled, so we need
 // to figure it out.
-# if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
-// MSVC's and C++Builder's implementations of the STL use the _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+// MSVC defines _CPPUNWIND to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+// C++Builder's implementation of the STL uses the _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 // macro to enable exceptions, so we'll do the same.
 // Assumes that exceptions are enabled by default.
 #  ifndef _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
@@ -498,21 +537,17 @@ struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING 1
 #elif !GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
 // The user told us that ::std::string isn't available.
-# error "Google Test cannot be used where ::std::string isn't available."
+# error "::std::string isn't available."
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
 
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-// The user didn't tell us whether ::string is available, so we need
-// to figure it out.
-
 # define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING 0
-
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 // The user didn't tell us whether ::std::wstring is available, so we need
 // to figure it out.
-// TODO(wan@google.com): uses autoconf to detect whether ::std::wstring
+// FIXME: uses autoconf to detect whether ::std::wstring
 //   is available.
 
 // Cygwin 1.7 and below doesn't support ::std::wstring.
@@ -600,8 +635,9 @@ struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 //
 // To disable threading support in Google Test, add -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
 // to your compiler flags.
-# define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX \
-    || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NACL)
+#define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD                                             \
+  (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX || GTEST_OS_QNX || \
+   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NACL || GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
@@ -616,7 +652,7 @@ struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 // Determines if hash_map/hash_set are available.
 // Only used for testing against those containers.
 #if !defined(GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_)
-# if _MSC_VER
+# if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1900)
 #  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_ 1  // Indicates that hash_map is available.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_ 1  // Indicates that hash_set is available.
 # endif  // _MSC_VER
@@ -629,6 +665,14 @@ struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR)
 // STLport, provided with the Android NDK, has neither <tr1/tuple> or <tuple>.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1910)
+// Prevent `warning C4996: 'std::tr1': warning STL4002:
+// The non-Standard std::tr1 namespace and TR1-only machinery
+// are deprecated and will be REMOVED.`
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# elif GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+// libc++ doesn't support TR1.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
 # else
 // The user didn't tell us not to do it, so we assume it's OK.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
@@ -638,6 +682,10 @@ struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 // Determines whether Google Test's own tr1 tuple implementation
 // should be used.
 #ifndef GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+// We use our own tuple implementation on Symbian.
+# if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+#  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
+# else
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 // We use our own TR1 tuple if we aren't sure the user has an
@@ -651,7 +699,8 @@ struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 // support TR1 tuple.  libc++ only provides std::tuple, in C++11 mode,
 // and it can be used with some compilers that define __GNUC__.
 # if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000) \
-      && !GTEST_OS_QNX && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) || _MSC_VER >= 1600
+      && !GTEST_OS_QNX && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) \
+      || (_MSC_VER >= 1600 && _MSC_VER < 1900)
 #  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ 1
 # endif
 
@@ -667,12 +716,11 @@ struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 # else
 #  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
 # endif
-
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 #endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 
-// To avoid conditional compilation everywhere, we make it
-// gtest-port.h's responsibility to #include the header implementing
-// tuple.
+// To avoid conditional compilation we make it gtest-port.h's responsibility
+// to #include the header implementing tuple.
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 # include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export
 # define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std
@@ -687,22 +735,6 @@ struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 
 # if GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 #  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
-# elif GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
-#  include <tuple>
-// C++11 puts its tuple into the ::std namespace rather than
-// ::std::tr1.  gtest expects tuple to live in ::std::tr1, so put it there.
-// This causes undefined behavior, but supported compilers react in
-// the way we intend.
-namespace std {
-namespace tr1 {
-using ::std::get;
-using ::std::make_tuple;
-using ::std::tuple;
-using ::std::tuple_element;
-using ::std::tuple_size;
-}
-}
-
 # elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 
 // On Symbian, BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE causes Boost's TR1 tuple library to
@@ -727,20 +759,22 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 // Until version 4.3.2, gcc has a bug that causes <tr1/functional>,
 // which is #included by <tr1/tuple>, to not compile when RTTI is
 // disabled.  _TR1_FUNCTIONAL is the header guard for
-// <tr1/functional>.  Hence the following #define is a hack to prevent
+// <tr1/functional>.  Hence the following #define is used to prevent
 // <tr1/functional> from being included.
 #   define _TR1_FUNCTIONAL 1
 #   include <tr1/tuple>
 #   undef _TR1_FUNCTIONAL  // Allows the user to #include
-                        // <tr1/functional> if he chooses to.
+                        // <tr1/functional> if they choose to.
 #  else
 #   include <tr1/tuple>  // NOLINT
 #  endif  // !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
 
-# else
-// If the compiler is not GCC 4.0+, we assume the user is using a
-// spec-conforming TR1 implementation.
+// VS 2010 now has tr1 support.
+# elif _MSC_VER >= 1600
 #  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+
+# else  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+#  include <tr1/tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 # endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
@@ -754,8 +788,12 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
 #  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
-// On Android, clone() is only available on ARM starting with Gingerbread.
-#    if defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+// On Android, clone() became available at different API levels for each 32-bit
+// architecture.
+#    if defined(__LP64__) || \
+        (defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9) || \
+        (defined(__mips__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 12) || \
+        (defined(__i386__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 17)
 #     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
 #    else
 #     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
@@ -786,19 +824,15 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 // Google Test does not support death tests for VC 7.1 and earlier as
 // abort() in a VC 7.1 application compiled as GUI in debug config
 // pops up a dialog window that cannot be suppressed programmatically.
-#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS || \
-     (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) || \
-     (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER >= 1400) || \
+#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS ||   \
+     (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) ||                         \
+     (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER >= 1400) ||          \
      GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX || \
-     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD)
+     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || \
+     GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 # define GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST 1
 #endif
 
-// We don't support MSVC 7.1 with exceptions disabled now.  Therefore
-// all the compilers we care about are adequate for supporting
-// value-parameterized tests.
-#define GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST 1
-
 // Determines whether to support type-driven tests.
 
 // Typed tests need <typeinfo> and variadic macros, which GCC, VC++ 8.0,
@@ -813,7 +847,7 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 // value-parameterized tests are enabled.  The implementation doesn't
 // work on Sun Studio since it doesn't understand templated conversion
 // operators.
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST && GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+#if (GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_) && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
 # define GTEST_HAS_COMBINE 1
 #endif
 
@@ -864,15 +898,39 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 #endif
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_ = delete
+#else  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+// Use this annotation before a function that takes a printf format string.
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
+# if defined(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT)
+// MinGW has two different printf implementations. Ensure the format macro
+// matches the selected implementation. See
+// https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/wiki2/gnu%20printf/.
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check) \
+       __attribute__((__format__(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT, string_index, \
+                                 first_to_check)))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check) \
+       __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, string_index, first_to_check)))
+# endif
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check)
+#endif
+
+
 // A macro to disallow operator=
 // This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
-#define GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)\
-  void operator=(type const &)
+#define GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type) \
+  void operator=(type const &) GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_
 
 // A macro to disallow copy constructor and operator=
 // This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
-#define GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(type)\
-  type(type const &);\
+#define GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(type) \
+  type(type const &) GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_; \
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)
 
 // Tell the compiler to warn about unused return values for functions declared
@@ -920,6 +978,11 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
+// GTEST_API_ qualifies all symbols that must be exported. The definitions below
+// are guarded by #ifndef to give embedders a chance to define GTEST_API_ in
+// gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h
+#ifndef GTEST_API_
+
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 # if GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
 #  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllimport)
@@ -928,11 +991,17 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 # endif
 #elif __GNUC__ >= 4 || defined(__clang__)
 # define GTEST_API_ __attribute__((visibility ("default")))
-#endif // _MSC_VER
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+
+#endif  // GTEST_API_
 
 #ifndef GTEST_API_
 # define GTEST_API_
-#endif
+#endif  // GTEST_API_
+
+#ifndef GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
+# define GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE  "fast"
+#endif  // GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
 
 #ifdef __GNUC__
 // Ask the compiler to never inline a given function.
@@ -942,10 +1011,12 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 #endif
 
 // _LIBCPP_VERSION is defined by the libc++ library from the LLVM project.
-#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
-#else
-# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
+#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_)
+# if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || (defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && !defined(_MSC_VER))
+#  define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
+# endif
 #endif
 
 // A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
@@ -1088,6 +1159,16 @@ struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {
   enum { value = true };
 };
 
+// Same as std::is_same<>.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct IsSame {
+  enum { value = false };
+};
+template <typename T>
+struct IsSame<T, T> {
+  enum { value = true };
+};
+
 // Evaluates to the number of elements in 'array'.
 #define GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
 
@@ -1151,6 +1232,10 @@ class scoped_ptr {
 
 // Defines RE.
 
+#if GTEST_USES_PCRE
+// if used, PCRE is injected by custom/gtest-port.h
+#elif GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE || GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+
 // A simple C++ wrapper for <regex.h>.  It uses the POSIX Extended
 // Regular Expression syntax.
 class GTEST_API_ RE {
@@ -1162,11 +1247,11 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
   // Constructs an RE from a string.
   RE(const ::std::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+# if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   RE(const ::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   RE(const char* regex) { Init(regex); }  // NOLINT
   ~RE();
@@ -1179,7 +1264,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
   // PartialMatch(str, re) returns true iff regular expression re
   // matches a substring of str (including str itself).
   //
-  // TODO(wan@google.com): make FullMatch() and PartialMatch() work
+  // FIXME: make FullMatch() and PartialMatch() work
   // when str contains NUL characters.
   static bool FullMatch(const ::std::string& str, const RE& re) {
     return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
@@ -1188,7 +1273,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
     return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
   }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+# if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   static bool FullMatch(const ::string& str, const RE& re) {
     return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
@@ -1197,7 +1282,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
     return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
   }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   static bool FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
   static bool PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
@@ -1206,25 +1291,27 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
   void Init(const char* regex);
 
   // We use a const char* instead of an std::string, as Google Test used to be
-  // used where std::string is not available.  TODO(wan@google.com): change to
+  // used where std::string is not available.  FIXME: change to
   // std::string.
   const char* pattern_;
   bool is_valid_;
 
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+# if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
   regex_t full_regex_;     // For FullMatch().
   regex_t partial_regex_;  // For PartialMatch().
 
-#else  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+# else  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
 
   const char* full_pattern_;  // For FullMatch();
 
-#endif
+# endif
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(RE);
 };
 
+#endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
+
 // Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
 // in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line);
@@ -1310,13 +1397,59 @@ inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << #posix_call << "failed with error " \
                       << gtest_error
 
+// Adds reference to a type if it is not a reference type,
+// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as
+// tr1::add_reference, which is not widely available yet.
+template <typename T>
+struct AddReference { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T>
+struct AddReference<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// A handy wrapper around AddReference that works when the argument T
+// depends on template parameters.
+#define GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) \
+    typename ::testing::internal::AddReference<T>::type
+
+// Transforms "T" into "const T&" according to standard reference collapsing
+// rules (this is only needed as a backport for C++98 compilers that do not
+// support reference collapsing). Specifically, it transforms:
+//
+//   char         ==> const char&
+//   const char   ==> const char&
+//   char&        ==> char&
+//   const char&  ==> const char&
+//
+// Note that the non-const reference will not have "const" added. This is
+// standard, and necessary so that "T" can always bind to "const T&".
+template <typename T>
+struct ConstRef { typedef const T& type; };
+template <typename T>
+struct ConstRef<T&> { typedef T& type; };
+
+// The argument T must depend on some template parameters.
+#define GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T) \
+  typename ::testing::internal::ConstRef<T>::type
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+using std::forward;
 using std::move;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct RvalueRef {
+  typedef T&& type;
+};
 #else  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
 template <typename T>
 const T& move(const T& t) {
   return t;
 }
+template <typename T>
+GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) forward(GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) t) { return t; }
+
+template <typename T>
+struct RvalueRef {
+  typedef const T& type;
+};
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
@@ -1417,10 +1550,6 @@ GTEST_API_ void CaptureStderr();
 GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStderr();
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
-
-// Returns a path to temporary directory.
-GTEST_API_ std::string TempDir();
-
 // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
 GTEST_API_ size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
 
@@ -1428,14 +1557,18 @@ GTEST_API_ size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
 GTEST_API_ std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
 
 // All command line arguments.
-GTEST_API_ const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetArgvs();
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<std::string> GetArgvs();
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
-const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs();
-void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>*
-                             new_argvs);
-
+std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs();
+// Deprecated: pass the args vector by value instead.
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>* new_argvs);
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>& new_argvs);
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector< ::string>& new_argvs);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void ClearInjectableArgvs();
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
@@ -1685,7 +1818,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ Mutex {
   // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
   void ThreadSafeLazyInit();
 
-  // Per http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2004/02/23/78395.aspx,
+  // Per https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20040223-00/?p=40503,
   // we assume that 0 is an invalid value for thread IDs.
   unsigned int owner_thread_id_;
 
@@ -1693,7 +1826,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ Mutex {
   // by the linker.
   MutexType type_;
   long critical_section_init_phase_;  // NOLINT
-  _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION* critical_section_;
+  GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION* critical_section_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
 };
@@ -1969,8 +2102,13 @@ class MutexBase {
      extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
 
 // Defines and statically (i.e. at link time) initializes a static mutex.
-#  define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-     ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, false, pthread_t() }
+// The initialization list here does not explicitly initialize each field,
+// instead relying on default initialization for the unspecified fields. In
+// particular, the owner_ field (a pthread_t) is not explicitly initialized.
+// This allows initialization to work whether pthread_t is a scalar or struct.
+// The flag -Wmissing-field-initializers must not be specified for this to work.
+#define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+  ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = {PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, false, 0}
 
 // The Mutex class can only be used for mutexes created at runtime. It
 // shares its API with MutexBase otherwise.
@@ -2027,7 +2165,7 @@ extern "C" inline void DeleteThreadLocalValue(void* value_holder) {
 
 // Implements thread-local storage on pthreads-based systems.
 template <typename T>
-class ThreadLocal {
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocal {
  public:
   ThreadLocal()
       : key_(CreateKey()), default_factory_(new DefaultValueHolderFactory()) {}
@@ -2159,7 +2297,7 @@ class GTestMutexLock {
 typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
 
 template <typename T>
-class ThreadLocal {
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocal {
  public:
   ThreadLocal() : value_() {}
   explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
@@ -2178,12 +2316,13 @@ class ThreadLocal {
 GTEST_API_ size_t GetThreadCount();
 
 // Passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...) crashes the ARM
-// compiler and generates a warning in Sun Studio.  The Nokia Symbian
+// compiler and generates a warning in Sun Studio before 12u4. The Nokia Symbian
 // and the IBM XL C/C++ compiler try to instantiate a copy constructor
 // for objects passed through ellipsis (...), failing for uncopyable
 // objects.  We define this to ensure that only POD is passed through
 // ellipsis on these systems.
-#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__) || \
+     (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5130)
 // We lose support for NULL detection where the compiler doesn't like
 // passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...).
 # define GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_ 1
@@ -2209,6 +2348,13 @@ template <bool bool_value> const bool bool_constant<bool_value>::value;
 typedef bool_constant<false> false_type;
 typedef bool_constant<true> true_type;
 
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct is_same : public false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_same<T, T> : public true_type {};
+
+
 template <typename T>
 struct is_pointer : public false_type {};
 
@@ -2220,6 +2366,7 @@ struct IteratorTraits {
   typedef typename Iterator::value_type value_type;
 };
 
+
 template <typename T>
 struct IteratorTraits<T*> {
   typedef T value_type;
@@ -2351,7 +2498,7 @@ inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
 
 // Functions deprecated by MSVC 8.0.
 
-GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996 /* deprecated function */)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_()
 
 inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
   return strncpy(dest, src, n);
@@ -2385,7 +2532,7 @@ inline int Close(int fd) { return close(fd); }
 inline const char* StrError(int errnum) { return strerror(errnum); }
 #endif
 inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE | GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   // We are on Windows CE, which has no environment variables.
   static_cast<void>(name);  // To prevent 'unused argument' warning.
   return NULL;
@@ -2399,7 +2546,7 @@ inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
 #endif
 }
 
-GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_()
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE has no C library. The abort() function is used in
@@ -2515,15 +2662,15 @@ typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name) GTEST_API_ extern bool GTEST_FLAG(name)
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
     GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name)
-#define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
     GTEST_API_ extern ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name)
 
 // Macros for defining flags.
-#define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ bool GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
-#define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
-#define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
@@ -2537,7 +2684,7 @@ typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
 // Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes the result
 // to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
 // false.
-// TODO(chandlerc): Find a better way to refactor flag and environment parsing
+// FIXME: Find a better way to refactor flag and environment parsing
 // out of both gtest-port.cc and gtest.cc to avoid exporting this utility
 // function.
 bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value);
@@ -2546,7 +2693,8 @@ bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value);
 // corresponding to the given Google Test flag.
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_val);
 GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_val);
-std::string StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
+std::string OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar();
+const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
index 97f1a7fd..4c9b6262 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
-// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // This header file declares the String class and functions used internally by
 // Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice. They should not used
 // by code external to Google Test.
 //
-// This header file is #included by <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>.
+// This header file is #included by gtest-internal.h.
 // It should not be #included by other files.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
 
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
index e9b40534..78a3a6a0 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
@@ -30,11 +30,12 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
 
 // Implements a subset of TR1 tuple needed by Google Test and Google Mock.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@
 
 // The compiler used in Symbian has a bug that prevents us from declaring the
 // tuple template as a friend (it complains that tuple is redefined).  This
-// hack bypasses the bug by declaring the members that should otherwise be
+// bypasses the bug by declaring the members that should otherwise be
 // private as public.
 // Sun Studio versions < 12 also have the above bug.
 #if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x590)
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
index 429ddfee..bb626e04 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
@@ -29,11 +29,12 @@ $$ This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in Emacs. }}
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
 
 // Implements a subset of TR1 tuple needed by Google Test and Google Mock.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TUPLE_H_
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ $$ This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in Emacs. }}
 
 // The compiler used in Symbian has a bug that prevents us from declaring the
 // tuple template as a friend (it complains that tuple is redefined).  This
-// hack bypasses the bug by declaring the members that should otherwise be
+// bypasses the bug by declaring the members that should otherwise be
 // private as public.
 // Sun Studio versions < 12 also have the above bug.
 #if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x590)
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
index e46f7cfc..28e41124 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
 
 // Type utilities needed for implementing typed and type-parameterized
 // tests.  This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
@@ -41,6 +40,8 @@
 // Please contact googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
 // more.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 
@@ -57,6 +58,22 @@
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
+// Canonicalizes a given name with respect to the Standard C++ Library.
+// This handles removing the inline namespace within `std` that is
+// used by various standard libraries (e.g., `std::__1`).  Names outside
+// of namespace std are returned unmodified.
+inline std::string CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning(std::string s) {
+  static const char prefix[] = "std::__";
+  if (s.compare(0, strlen(prefix), prefix) == 0) {
+    std::string::size_type end = s.find("::", strlen(prefix));
+    if (end != s.npos) {
+      // Erase everything between the initial `std` and the second `::`.
+      s.erase(strlen("std"), end - strlen("std"));
+    }
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
 // GetTypeName<T>() returns a human-readable name of type T.
 // NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
 // the typed-test-only section below.
@@ -75,7 +92,7 @@ std::string GetTypeName() {
   char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
   const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
   free(readable_name);
-  return name_str;
+  return CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning(name_str);
 #  else
   return name;
 #  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
diff --git a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
index 251fdf02..0001a5d3 100644
--- a/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
+++ b/test/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ $var n = 50  $$ Maximum length of type lists we want to support.
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
 
 // Type utilities needed for implementing typed and type-parameterized
 // tests.  This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
@@ -39,6 +38,8 @@ $var n = 50  $$ Maximum length of type lists we want to support.
 // Please contact googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
 // more.
 
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 
@@ -55,6 +56,22 @@ $var n = 50  $$ Maximum length of type lists we want to support.
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
+// Canonicalizes a given name with respect to the Standard C++ Library.
+// This handles removing the inline namespace within `std` that is
+// used by various standard libraries (e.g., `std::__1`).  Names outside
+// of namespace std are returned unmodified.
+inline std::string CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning(std::string s) {
+  static const char prefix[] = "std::__";
+  if (s.compare(0, strlen(prefix), prefix) == 0) {
+    std::string::size_type end = s.find("::", strlen(prefix));
+    if (end != s.npos) {
+      // Erase everything between the initial `std` and the second `::`.
+      s.erase(strlen("std"), end - strlen("std"));
+    }
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
 // GetTypeName<T>() returns a human-readable name of type T.
 // NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
 // the typed-test-only section below.
@@ -73,7 +90,7 @@ std::string GetTypeName() {
   char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
   const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
   free(readable_name);
-  return name_str;
+  return CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning(name_str);
 #  else
   return name;
 #  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest-all.cc b/test/googletest/src/gtest-all.cc
index 0a9cee52..b217a180 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest-all.cc
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest-all.cc
@@ -26,10 +26,9 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
 //
-// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
-//
-// Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 //
 // Sometimes it's desirable to build Google Test by compiling a single file.
 // This file serves this purpose.
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc b/test/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
index a01a3698..09083551 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
+
 //
 // This file implements death tests.
 
@@ -62,26 +61,30 @@
 #  include <spawn.h>
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
 
+# if GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#  include <lib/fdio/io.h>
+#  include <lib/fdio/spawn.h>
+#  include <zircon/processargs.h>
+#  include <zircon/syscalls.h>
+#  include <zircon/syscalls/port.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
-
-// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
-// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
-// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
-// user's code.
-#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
-#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // Constants.
 
 // The default death test style.
-static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = "fast";
+//
+// This is defined in internal/gtest-port.h as "fast", but can be overridden by
+// a definition in internal/custom/gtest-port.h. The recommended value, which is
+// used internally at Google, is "threadsafe".
+static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE;
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     death_test_style,
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@ namespace internal {
 
 // Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
 // child process of a fast style death test.
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
 # endif
 
@@ -131,10 +134,10 @@ static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
 // tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
 // implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
 bool InDeathTestChild() {
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 
-  // On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
-  // death_test_style flag.
+  // On Windows and Fuchsia, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value
+  // of the death_test_style flag.
   return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
 
 # else
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
 
 // ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
 bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 
   return exit_status == exit_code_;
 
@@ -162,10 +165,10 @@ bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
 
   return WIFEXITED(exit_status) && WEXITSTATUS(exit_status) == exit_code_;
 
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 }
 
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 // KilledBySignal constructor.
 KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum) {
 }
@@ -182,7 +185,7 @@ bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status) const {
 #  endif  // defined(GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_)
   return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status) && WTERMSIG(exit_status) == signum_;
 }
-# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 
 namespace internal {
 
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@ namespace internal {
 static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
   Message m;
 
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 
   m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;
 
@@ -209,7 +212,7 @@ static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
     m << " (core dumped)";
   }
 #  endif
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 
   return m.GetString();
 }
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status) {
   return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
 }
 
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 // Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
 // one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
 // to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
@@ -229,13 +232,19 @@ static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
   Message msg;
   msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
       << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
-  if (thread_count == 0)
+  if (thread_count == 0) {
     msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
-  else
+  } else {
     msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
+  }
+  msg << " See "
+         "https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/docs/"
+         "advanced.md#death-tests-and-threads"
+      << " for more explanation and suggested solutions, especially if"
+      << " this is the last message you see before your test times out.";
   return msg.GetString();
 }
-# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 
 // Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
 static const char kDeathTestLived = 'L';
@@ -243,6 +252,13 @@ static const char kDeathTestReturned = 'R';
 static const char kDeathTestThrew = 'T';
 static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';
 
+#if GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+// File descriptor used for the pipe in the child process.
+static const int kFuchsiaReadPipeFd = 3;
+
+#endif
+
 // An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test can
 // conclude.  DIED means that the process died while executing the test
 // code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test code;
@@ -250,7 +266,7 @@ static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';
 // statement, which is not allowed; THREW means that the test statement
 // returned control by throwing an exception.  IN_PROGRESS means the test
 // has not yet concluded.
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Unify names and possibly values for
+// FIXME: Unify names and possibly values for
 // AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
 enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
 
@@ -259,7 +275,7 @@ enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
 // message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
 // message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
 // then exits with status 1.
-void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message) {
+static void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message) {
   // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
   // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
   // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
@@ -563,7 +579,12 @@ bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
       break;
     case DIED:
       if (status_ok) {
+# if GTEST_USES_PCRE
+        // PCRE regexes support embedded NULs.
+        const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message, *regex());
+# else
         const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message.c_str(), *regex());
+# endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
         if (matched) {
           success = true;
         } else {
@@ -779,7 +800,200 @@ DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
   set_spawned(true);
   return OVERSEE_TEST;
 }
-# else  // We are not on Windows.
+
+# elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+class FuchsiaDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
+ public:
+  FuchsiaDeathTest(const char* a_statement,
+                   const RE* a_regex,
+                   const char* file,
+                   int line)
+      : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}
+  virtual ~FuchsiaDeathTest() {
+    zx_status_t status = zx_handle_close(child_process_);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+    status = zx_handle_close(port_);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+  }
+
+  // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
+  virtual int Wait();
+  virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
+
+ private:
+  // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
+  const char* const file_;
+  // The line number on which the death test is located.
+  const int line_;
+
+  zx_handle_t child_process_ = ZX_HANDLE_INVALID;
+  zx_handle_t port_ = ZX_HANDLE_INVALID;
+};
+
+// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
+class Arguments {
+ public:
+  Arguments() {
+    args_.push_back(NULL);
+  }
+
+  ~Arguments() {
+    for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
+         ++i) {
+      free(*i);
+    }
+  }
+  void AddArgument(const char* argument) {
+    args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
+  }
+
+  template <typename Str>
+  void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments) {
+    for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
+         i != arguments.end();
+         ++i) {
+      args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
+    }
+  }
+  char* const* Argv() {
+    return &args_[0];
+  }
+
+  int size() {
+    return args_.size() - 1;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<char*> args_;
+};
+
+// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
+// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
+// outcome data member.
+int FuchsiaDeathTest::Wait() {
+  if (!spawned())
+    return 0;
+
+  // Register to wait for the child process to terminate.
+  zx_status_t status_zx;
+  status_zx = zx_object_wait_async(child_process_,
+                                   port_,
+                                   0 /* key */,
+                                   ZX_PROCESS_TERMINATED,
+                                   ZX_WAIT_ASYNC_ONCE);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status_zx == ZX_OK);
+
+  // Wait for it to terminate, or an exception to be received.
+  zx_port_packet_t packet;
+  status_zx = zx_port_wait(port_, ZX_TIME_INFINITE, &packet);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status_zx == ZX_OK);
+
+  if (ZX_PKT_IS_EXCEPTION(packet.type)) {
+    // Process encountered an exception. Kill it directly rather than letting
+    // other handlers process the event.
+    status_zx = zx_task_kill(child_process_);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status_zx == ZX_OK);
+
+    // Now wait for |child_process_| to terminate.
+    zx_signals_t signals = 0;
+    status_zx = zx_object_wait_one(
+        child_process_, ZX_PROCESS_TERMINATED, ZX_TIME_INFINITE, &signals);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status_zx == ZX_OK);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(signals & ZX_PROCESS_TERMINATED);
+  } else {
+    // Process terminated.
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(ZX_PKT_IS_SIGNAL_ONE(packet.type));
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(packet.signal.observed & ZX_PROCESS_TERMINATED);
+  }
+
+  ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
+
+  zx_info_process_t buffer;
+  status_zx = zx_object_get_info(
+      child_process_,
+      ZX_INFO_PROCESS,
+      &buffer,
+      sizeof(buffer),
+      nullptr,
+      nullptr);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status_zx == ZX_OK);
+
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(buffer.exited);
+  set_status(buffer.return_code);
+  return status();
+}
+
+// The AssumeRole process for a Fuchsia death test.  It creates a child
+// process with the same executable as the current process to run the
+// death test.  The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
+// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
+// current death test only.
+DeathTest::TestRole FuchsiaDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
+  const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
+  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
+      impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
+  const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
+  const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
+
+  if (flag != NULL) {
+    // ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
+    // processing.
+    set_write_fd(kFuchsiaReadPipeFd);
+    return EXECUTE_TEST;
+  }
+
+  CaptureStderr();
+  // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
+  FlushInfoLog();
+
+  // Build the child process command line.
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
+      + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
+      + file_ + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(death_test_index);
+  Arguments args;
+  args.AddArguments(GetInjectableArgvs());
+  args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
+  args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
+
+  // Build the pipe for communication with the child.
+  zx_status_t status;
+  zx_handle_t child_pipe_handle;
+  uint32_t type;
+  status = fdio_pipe_half(&child_pipe_handle, &type);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status >= 0);
+  set_read_fd(status);
+
+  // Set the pipe handle for the child.
+  fdio_spawn_action_t add_handle_action = {};
+  add_handle_action.action = FDIO_SPAWN_ACTION_ADD_HANDLE;
+  add_handle_action.h.id = PA_HND(type, kFuchsiaReadPipeFd);
+  add_handle_action.h.handle = child_pipe_handle;
+
+  // Spawn the child process.
+  status = fdio_spawn_etc(ZX_HANDLE_INVALID, FDIO_SPAWN_CLONE_ALL,
+                          args.Argv()[0], args.Argv(), nullptr, 1,
+                          &add_handle_action, &child_process_, nullptr);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+
+  // Create an exception port and attach it to the |child_process_|, to allow
+  // us to suppress the system default exception handler from firing.
+  status = zx_port_create(0, &port_);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+  status = zx_task_bind_exception_port(
+      child_process_, port_, 0 /* key */, 0 /*options */);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
+
+  set_spawned(true);
+  return OVERSEE_TEST;
+}
+
+#else  // We are neither on Windows, nor on Fuchsia.
 
 // ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
 // methods of the DeathTest interface.  Only the AssumeRole method is
@@ -883,11 +1097,10 @@ class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
       ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) { }
   virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
  private:
-  static ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>
-  GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
-    ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
+  static ::std::vector<std::string> GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
+    ::std::vector<std::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
 #  if defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_)
-    ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> extra_args =
+    ::std::vector<std::string> extra_args =
         GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_();
     args.insert(args.end(), extra_args.begin(), extra_args.end());
 #  endif  // defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_)
@@ -986,6 +1199,7 @@ static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
 }
 #  endif  // !GTEST_OS_QNX
 
+#  if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 // Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
 // grows.
 // This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
@@ -995,20 +1209,22 @@ static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
 // GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
 // StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
 // correct answer.
-void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
-void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) {
+static void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr,
+                                  bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
+static void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) {
   int dummy;
   *result = (&dummy < ptr);
 }
 
 // Make sure AddressSanitizer does not tamper with the stack here.
 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
-bool StackGrowsDown() {
+static bool StackGrowsDown() {
   int dummy;
   bool result;
   StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
   return result;
 }
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 
 // Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
 // a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test.  The
@@ -1200,6 +1416,13 @@ bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
     *test = new WindowsDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
   }
 
+# elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
+      GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
+    *test = new FuchsiaDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
+  }
+
 # else
 
   if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe") {
@@ -1224,7 +1447,7 @@ bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
 // Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
 // signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
 // handle. This function is called in the child process only.
-int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
+static int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                             size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
                             size_t event_handle_as_size_t) {
   AutoHandle parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
@@ -1235,7 +1458,7 @@ int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                    StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
-  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
+  // FIXME: Replace the following check with a
   // compile-time assertion when available.
   GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));
 
@@ -1243,7 +1466,7 @@ int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
       reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(write_handle_as_size_t);
   HANDLE dup_write_handle;
 
-  // The newly initialized handle is accessible only in in the parent
+  // The newly initialized handle is accessible only in the parent
   // process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
   // DuplicateHandle.
   if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
@@ -1320,6 +1543,16 @@ InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
   write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
                                      write_handle_as_size_t,
                                      event_handle_as_size_t);
+
+# elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+  if (fields.size() != 3
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
+      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)) {
+    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
+        + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
+  }
+
 # else
 
   if (fields.size() != 4
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest-filepath.cc b/test/googletest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
index 0292dc11..a7e65c08 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
@@ -26,14 +26,12 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
 
-#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 # include <windows.h>
@@ -48,6 +46,8 @@
 # include <climits>  // Some Linux distributions define PATH_MAX here.
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _MAX_PATH
 #elif defined(PATH_MAX)
@@ -58,8 +58,6 @@
 # define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _POSIX_PATH_MAX
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
-
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@ FilePath FilePath::RemoveExtension(const char* extension) const {
   return *this;
 }
 
-// Returns a pointer to the last occurence of a valid path separator in
+// Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of a valid path separator in
 // the FilePath. On Windows, for example, both '/' and '\' are valid path
 // separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
 const char* FilePath::FindLastPathSeparator() const {
@@ -252,7 +250,7 @@ bool FilePath::DirectoryExists() const {
 // root directory per disk drive.)
 bool FilePath::IsRootDirectory() const {
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows a network share like
+  // FIXME: on Windows a network share like
   // \\server\share can be a root directory, although it cannot be the
   // current directory.  Handle this properly.
   return pathname_.length() == 3 && IsAbsolutePath();
@@ -352,7 +350,7 @@ FilePath FilePath::RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const {
 // Removes any redundant separators that might be in the pathname.
 // For example, "bar///foo" becomes "bar/foo". Does not eliminate other
 // redundancies that might be in a pathname involving "." or "..".
-// TODO(wan@google.com): handle Windows network shares (e.g. \\server\share).
+// FIXME: handle Windows network shares (e.g. \\server\share).
 void FilePath::Normalize() {
   if (pathname_.c_str() == NULL) {
     pathname_ = "";
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h b/test/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
index ed8a682a..47900414 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
@@ -27,24 +27,13 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// Utility functions and classes used by the Google C++ testing framework.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
+// Utility functions and classes used by the Google C++ testing framework.//
 // This file contains purely Google Test's internal implementation.  Please
 // DO NOT #INCLUDE IT IN A USER PROGRAM.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
 #define GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
 
-// GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ is defined to 1 iff the current translation unit is
-// part of Google Test's implementation; otherwise it's undefined.
-#if !GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-// If this file is included from the user's code, just say no.
-# error "gtest-internal-inl.h is part of Google Test's internal implementation."
-# error "It must not be included except by Google Test itself."
-#endif  // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-
 #ifndef _WIN32_WCE
 # include <errno.h>
 #endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
@@ -67,9 +56,12 @@
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"  // NOLINT
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
+/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
+
 namespace testing {
 
 // Declares the flags.
@@ -94,6 +86,7 @@ const char kFilterFlag[] = "filter";
 const char kListTestsFlag[] = "list_tests";
 const char kOutputFlag[] = "output";
 const char kPrintTimeFlag[] = "print_time";
+const char kPrintUTF8Flag[] = "print_utf8";
 const char kRandomSeedFlag[] = "random_seed";
 const char kRepeatFlag[] = "repeat";
 const char kShuffleFlag[] = "shuffle";
@@ -174,6 +167,7 @@ class GTestFlagSaver {
     list_tests_ = GTEST_FLAG(list_tests);
     output_ = GTEST_FLAG(output);
     print_time_ = GTEST_FLAG(print_time);
+    print_utf8_ = GTEST_FLAG(print_utf8);
     random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(random_seed);
     repeat_ = GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
     shuffle_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle);
@@ -195,6 +189,7 @@ class GTestFlagSaver {
     GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = list_tests_;
     GTEST_FLAG(output) = output_;
     GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = print_time_;
+    GTEST_FLAG(print_utf8) = print_utf8_;
     GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = random_seed_;
     GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = repeat_;
     GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = shuffle_;
@@ -216,6 +211,7 @@ class GTestFlagSaver {
   bool list_tests_;
   std::string output_;
   bool print_time_;
+  bool print_utf8_;
   internal::Int32 random_seed_;
   internal::Int32 repeat_;
   bool shuffle_;
@@ -426,7 +422,7 @@ class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
   //                in the trace.
   //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
   //                against max_depth.
-  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
+  virtual std::string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
 
   // UponLeavingGTest() should be called immediately before Google Test calls
   // user code. It saves some information about the current stack that
@@ -446,10 +442,20 @@ class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
  public:
   OsStackTraceGetter() {}
 
-  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count);
+  virtual std::string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count);
   virtual void UponLeavingGTest();
 
  private:
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  Mutex mutex_;  // Protects all internal state.
+
+  // We save the stack frame below the frame that calls user code.
+  // We do this because the address of the frame immediately below
+  // the user code changes between the call to UponLeavingGTest()
+  // and any calls to the stack trace code from within the user code.
+  void* caller_frame_ = nullptr;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OsStackTraceGetter);
 };
 
@@ -664,13 +670,11 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
                 tear_down_tc)->AddTestInfo(test_info);
   }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
   // Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
   // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
   internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry() {
     return parameterized_test_registry_;
   }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
   // Sets the TestCase object for the test that's currently running.
   void set_current_test_case(TestCase* a_current_test_case) {
@@ -845,14 +849,12 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // shuffled order.
   std::vector<int> test_case_indices_;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
   // ParameterizedTestRegistry object used to register value-parameterized
   // tests.
   internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry parameterized_test_registry_;
 
   // Indicates whether RegisterParameterizedTests() has been called already.
   bool parameterized_tests_registered_;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
   // Index of the last death test case registered.  Initially -1.
   int last_death_test_case_;
@@ -992,7 +994,7 @@ bool ParseNaturalNumber(const ::std::string& str, Integer* number) {
 
   const bool parse_success = *end == '\0' && errno == 0;
 
-  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Convert this to compile time assertion when it is
+  // FIXME: Convert this to compile time assertion when it is
   // available.
   GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(Integer) <= sizeof(parsed));
 
@@ -1032,7 +1034,7 @@ class TestResultAccessor {
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 
 // Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
-class GTEST_API_ StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+class StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
  public:
   // Abstract base class for writing strings to a socket.
   class AbstractSocketWriter {
@@ -1040,21 +1042,19 @@ class GTEST_API_ StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
     virtual ~AbstractSocketWriter() {}
 
     // Sends a string to the socket.
-    virtual void Send(const string& message) = 0;
+    virtual void Send(const std::string& message) = 0;
 
     // Closes the socket.
     virtual void CloseConnection() {}
 
     // Sends a string and a newline to the socket.
-    void SendLn(const string& message) {
-      Send(message + "\n");
-    }
+    void SendLn(const std::string& message) { Send(message + "\n"); }
   };
 
   // Concrete class for actually writing strings to a socket.
   class SocketWriter : public AbstractSocketWriter {
    public:
-    SocketWriter(const string& host, const string& port)
+    SocketWriter(const std::string& host, const std::string& port)
         : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
       MakeConnection();
     }
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
     }
 
     // Sends a string to the socket.
-    virtual void Send(const string& message) {
+    virtual void Send(const std::string& message) {
       GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
           << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";
 
@@ -1091,17 +1091,19 @@ class GTEST_API_ StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
     }
 
     int sockfd_;  // socket file descriptor
-    const string host_name_;
-    const string port_num_;
+    const std::string host_name_;
+    const std::string port_num_;
 
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SocketWriter);
   };  // class SocketWriter
 
   // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
-  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);
+  static std::string UrlEncode(const char* str);
 
-  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
-      : socket_writer_(new SocketWriter(host, port)) { Start(); }
+  StreamingListener(const std::string& host, const std::string& port)
+      : socket_writer_(new SocketWriter(host, port)) {
+    Start();
+  }
 
   explicit StreamingListener(AbstractSocketWriter* socket_writer)
       : socket_writer_(socket_writer) { Start(); }
@@ -1162,13 +1164,13 @@ class GTEST_API_ StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
 
  private:
   // Sends the given message and a newline to the socket.
-  void SendLn(const string& message) { socket_writer_->SendLn(message); }
+  void SendLn(const std::string& message) { socket_writer_->SendLn(message); }
 
   // Called at the start of streaming to notify the receiver what
   // protocol we are using.
   void Start() { SendLn("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0"); }
 
-  string FormatBool(bool value) { return value ? "1" : "0"; }
+  std::string FormatBool(bool value) { return value ? "1" : "0"; }
 
   const scoped_ptr<AbstractSocketWriter> socket_writer_;
 
@@ -1180,4 +1182,6 @@ class GTEST_API_ StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4251
+
 #endif  // GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc b/test/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
index e5bf3dd2..fecb5d11 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
@@ -63,19 +62,16 @@
 # include <sys/types.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_AIX
 
+#if GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+# include <zircon/process.h>
+# include <zircon/syscalls.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
-
-// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
-// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
-// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
-// user's code.
-#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
-#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
 
 namespace {
 template <typename T>
-T ReadProcFileField(const string& filename, int field) {
+T ReadProcFileField(const std::string& filename, int field) {
   std::string dummy;
   std::ifstream file(filename.c_str());
   while (field-- > 0) {
@@ -107,7 +103,7 @@ T ReadProcFileField(const string& filename, int field) {
 
 // Returns the number of active threads, or 0 when there is an error.
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
-  const string filename =
+  const std::string filename =
       (Message() << "/proc/" << getpid() << "/stat").GetString();
   return ReadProcFileField<int>(filename, 19);
 }
@@ -164,6 +160,25 @@ size_t GetThreadCount() {
   }
 }
 
+#elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  int dummy_buffer;
+  size_t avail;
+  zx_status_t status = zx_object_get_info(
+      zx_process_self(),
+      ZX_INFO_PROCESS_THREADS,
+      &dummy_buffer,
+      0,
+      nullptr,
+      &avail);
+  if (status == ZX_OK) {
+    return avail;
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
 #else
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
@@ -246,9 +261,9 @@ Mutex::Mutex()
 Mutex::~Mutex() {
   // Static mutexes are leaked intentionally. It is not thread-safe to try
   // to clean them up.
-  // TODO(yukawa): Switch to Slim Reader/Writer (SRW) Locks, which requires
+  // FIXME: Switch to Slim Reader/Writer (SRW) Locks, which requires
   // nothing to clean it up but is available only on Vista and later.
-  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa904937.aspx
+  // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/Sync/slim-reader-writer--srw--locks
   if (type_ == kDynamic) {
     ::DeleteCriticalSection(critical_section_);
     delete critical_section_;
@@ -279,6 +294,43 @@ void Mutex::AssertHeld() {
       << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
 }
 
+namespace {
+
+// Use the RAII idiom to flag mem allocs that are intentionally never
+// deallocated. The motivation is to silence the false positive mem leaks
+// that are reported by the debug version of MS's CRT which can only detect
+// if an alloc is missing a matching deallocation.
+// Example:
+//    MemoryIsNotDeallocated memory_is_not_deallocated;
+//    critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
+//
+class MemoryIsNotDeallocated
+{
+ public:
+  MemoryIsNotDeallocated() : old_crtdbg_flag_(0) {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    old_crtdbg_flag_ = _CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_REPORT_FLAG);
+    // Set heap allocation block type to _IGNORE_BLOCK so that MS debug CRT
+    // doesn't report mem leak if there's no matching deallocation.
+    _CrtSetDbgFlag(old_crtdbg_flag_ & ~_CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF);
+#endif  //  _MSC_VER
+  }
+
+  ~MemoryIsNotDeallocated() {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    // Restore the original _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF flag
+    _CrtSetDbgFlag(old_crtdbg_flag_);
+#endif  //  _MSC_VER
+  }
+
+ private:
+  int old_crtdbg_flag_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MemoryIsNotDeallocated);
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
 // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
 void Mutex::ThreadSafeLazyInit() {
   // Dynamic mutexes are initialized in the constructor.
@@ -289,7 +341,11 @@ void Mutex::ThreadSafeLazyInit() {
         // If critical_section_init_phase_ was 0 before the exchange, we
         // are the first to test it and need to perform the initialization.
         owner_thread_id_ = 0;
-        critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
+        {
+          // Use RAII to flag that following mem alloc is never deallocated.
+          MemoryIsNotDeallocated memory_is_not_deallocated;
+          critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
+        }
         ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
         // Updates the critical_section_init_phase_ to 2 to signal
         // initialization complete.
@@ -328,7 +384,7 @@ class ThreadWithParamSupport : public ThreadWithParamBase {
                              Notification* thread_can_start) {
     ThreadMainParam* param = new ThreadMainParam(runnable, thread_can_start);
     DWORD thread_id;
-    // TODO(yukawa): Consider to use _beginthreadex instead.
+    // FIXME: Consider to use _beginthreadex instead.
     HANDLE thread_handle = ::CreateThread(
         NULL,    // Default security.
         0,       // Default stack size.
@@ -496,7 +552,7 @@ class ThreadLocalRegistryImpl {
                                  FALSE,
                                  thread_id);
     GTEST_CHECK_(thread != NULL);
-    // We need to to pass a valid thread ID pointer into CreateThread for it
+    // We need to pass a valid thread ID pointer into CreateThread for it
     // to work correctly under Win98.
     DWORD watcher_thread_id;
     HANDLE watcher_thread = ::CreateThread(
@@ -531,7 +587,8 @@ class ThreadLocalRegistryImpl {
   // Returns map of thread local instances.
   static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() {
     mutex_.AssertHeld();
-    static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* map = new ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+    MemoryIsNotDeallocated memory_is_not_deallocated;
+    static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* map = new ThreadIdToThreadLocals();
     return map;
   }
 
@@ -671,7 +728,7 @@ bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
 }
 
 // Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
-std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
+static std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
   return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
           << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
 }
@@ -680,7 +737,7 @@ std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
 // otherwise returns true.
 bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex) {
   if (regex == NULL) {
-    // TODO(wan@google.com): fix the source file location in the
+    // FIXME: fix the source file location in the
     // assertion failures to match where the regex is used in user
     // code.
     ADD_FAILURE() << "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression.";
@@ -923,9 +980,10 @@ GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
     posix::Abort();
   }
 }
+
 // Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
 // this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
-GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_()
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
@@ -1009,13 +1067,14 @@ class CapturedStream {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(CapturedStream);
 };
 
-GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_()
 
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
 
 // Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
-void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream) {
+static void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name,
+                          CapturedStream** stream) {
   if (*stream != NULL) {
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Only one " << stream_name
                       << " capturer can exist at a time.";
@@ -1024,7 +1083,7 @@ void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream) {
 }
 
 // Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
-std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
+static std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
   const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
 
   delete *captured_stream;
@@ -1055,23 +1114,9 @@ std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
-std::string TempDir() {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  return "\\temp\\";
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  const char* temp_dir = posix::GetEnv("TEMP");
-  if (temp_dir == NULL || temp_dir[0] == '\0')
-    return "\\temp\\";
-  else if (temp_dir[strlen(temp_dir) - 1] == '\\')
-    return temp_dir;
-  else
-    return std::string(temp_dir) + "\\";
-#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
-  return "/sdcard/";
-#else
-  return "/tmp/";
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-}
+
+
+
 
 size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
   fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
@@ -1101,22 +1146,36 @@ std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+static const std::vector<std::string>* g_injected_test_argvs = NULL;  // Owned.
 
-static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
-                                        NULL;  // Owned.
-
-void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* argvs) {
-  if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
-    delete g_injected_test_argvs;
-  g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
-}
-
-const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs() {
+std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs() {
   if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
     return *g_injected_test_argvs;
   }
   return GetArgvs();
 }
+
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>* new_argvs) {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != new_argvs) delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+  g_injected_test_argvs = new_argvs;
+}
+
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>& new_argvs) {
+  SetInjectableArgvs(
+      new std::vector<std::string>(new_argvs.begin(), new_argvs.end()));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector< ::string>& new_argvs) {
+  SetInjectableArgvs(
+      new std::vector<std::string>(new_argvs.begin(), new_argvs.end()));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+void ClearInjectableArgvs() {
+  delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+  g_injected_test_argvs = NULL;
+}
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
@@ -1191,11 +1250,12 @@ bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value) {
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
 #if defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
   return GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
-#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
+#else
   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   return string_value == NULL ?
       default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
 }
 
 // Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
@@ -1204,7 +1264,7 @@ bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
 Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
 #if defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
   return GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
-#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+#else
   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   if (string_value == NULL) {
@@ -1222,37 +1282,36 @@ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
   }
 
   return result;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+}
+
+// As a special case for the 'output' flag, if GTEST_OUTPUT is not
+// set, we look for XML_OUTPUT_FILE, which is set by the Bazel build
+// system.  The value of XML_OUTPUT_FILE is a filename without the
+// "xml:" prefix of GTEST_OUTPUT.
+// Note that this is meant to be called at the call site so it does
+// not check that the flag is 'output'
+// In essence this checks an env variable called XML_OUTPUT_FILE
+// and if it is set we prepend "xml:" to its value, if it not set we return ""
+std::string OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar(){
+  std::string default_value_for_output_flag = "";
+  const char* xml_output_file_env = posix::GetEnv("XML_OUTPUT_FILE");
+  if (NULL != xml_output_file_env) {
+    default_value_for_output_flag = std::string("xml:") + xml_output_file_env;
+  }
+  return default_value_for_output_flag;
 }
 
 // Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
-std::string StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
+const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
 #if defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
   return GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
-#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
+#else
   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
-  const char* value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
-  if (value != NULL) {
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  // As a special case for the 'output' flag, if GTEST_OUTPUT is not
-  // set, we look for XML_OUTPUT_FILE, which is set by the Bazel build
-  // system.  The value of XML_OUTPUT_FILE is a filename without the
-  // "xml:" prefix of GTEST_OUTPUT.
-  //
-  // The net priority order after flag processing is thus:
-  //   --gtest_output command line flag
-  //   GTEST_OUTPUT environment variable
-  //   XML_OUTPUT_FILE environment variable
-  //   'default_value'
-  if (strcmp(flag, "output") == 0) {
-    value = posix::GetEnv("XML_OUTPUT_FILE");
-    if (value != NULL) {
-      return std::string("xml:") + value;
-    }
-  }
-  return default_value;
+  const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
+  return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest-printers.cc b/test/googletest/src/gtest-printers.cc
index a2df412f..de4d245e 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest-printers.cc
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest-printers.cc
@@ -26,10 +26,9 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 
-// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
+
+// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework
 //
 // This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
 // value of any type T:
@@ -43,12 +42,13 @@
 // defines Foo.
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
-#include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <cctype>
 #include <cwchar>
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <string>
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count,
   // If the object size is bigger than kThreshold, we'll have to omit
   // some details by printing only the first and the last kChunkSize
   // bytes.
-  // TODO(wan): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
+  // FIXME: let the user control the threshold using a flag.
   if (count < kThreshold) {
     PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, count, os);
   } else {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace internal {
 // Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one
 // of three formats:
 //   - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '),
-//   - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or
+//   - as a hexadecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or
 //   - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n').
 enum CharFormat {
   kAsIs,
@@ -180,7 +180,10 @@ static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
         *os << static_cast<char>(c);
         return kAsIs;
       } else {
-        *os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
+        ostream::fmtflags flags = os->flags();
+        *os << "\\x" << std::hex << std::uppercase
+            << static_cast<int>(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
+        os->flags(flags);
         return kHexEscape;
       }
   }
@@ -227,7 +230,7 @@ void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
     return;
   *os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c);
 
-  // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
+  // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexadecimal,
   // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
   // [1, 9].
   if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) {
@@ -259,11 +262,12 @@ template <typename CharType>
 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
-static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
+static CharFormat PrintCharsAsStringTo(
     const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
   const char* const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\"";
   *os << kQuoteBegin;
   bool is_previous_hex = false;
+  CharFormat print_format = kAsIs;
   for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
     const CharType cur = begin[index];
     if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) {
@@ -273,8 +277,13 @@ static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
       *os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin;
     }
     is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
+    // Remember if any characters required hex escaping.
+    if (is_previous_hex) {
+      print_format = kHexEscape;
+    }
   }
   *os << "\"";
+  return print_format;
 }
 
 // Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
@@ -344,15 +353,90 @@ void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ostream* os) {
 }
 #endif  // wchar_t is native
 
+namespace {
+
+bool ContainsUnprintableControlCodes(const char* str, size_t length) {
+  const unsigned char *s = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(str);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    unsigned char ch = *s++;
+    if (std::iscntrl(ch)) {
+        switch (ch) {
+        case '\t':
+        case '\n':
+        case '\r':
+          break;
+        default:
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool IsUTF8TrailByte(unsigned char t) { return 0x80 <= t && t<= 0xbf; }
+
+bool IsValidUTF8(const char* str, size_t length) {
+  const unsigned char *s = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(str);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length;) {
+    unsigned char lead = s[i++];
+
+    if (lead <= 0x7f) {
+      continue;  // single-byte character (ASCII) 0..7F
+    }
+    if (lead < 0xc2) {
+      return false;  // trail byte or non-shortest form
+    } else if (lead <= 0xdf && (i + 1) <= length && IsUTF8TrailByte(s[i])) {
+      ++i;  // 2-byte character
+    } else if (0xe0 <= lead && lead <= 0xef && (i + 2) <= length &&
+               IsUTF8TrailByte(s[i]) &&
+               IsUTF8TrailByte(s[i + 1]) &&
+               // check for non-shortest form and surrogate
+               (lead != 0xe0 || s[i] >= 0xa0) &&
+               (lead != 0xed || s[i] < 0xa0)) {
+      i += 2;  // 3-byte character
+    } else if (0xf0 <= lead && lead <= 0xf4 && (i + 3) <= length &&
+               IsUTF8TrailByte(s[i]) &&
+               IsUTF8TrailByte(s[i + 1]) &&
+               IsUTF8TrailByte(s[i + 2]) &&
+               // check for non-shortest form
+               (lead != 0xf0 || s[i] >= 0x90) &&
+               (lead != 0xf4 || s[i] < 0x90)) {
+      i += 3;  // 4-byte character
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ConditionalPrintAsText(const char* str, size_t length, ostream* os) {
+  if (!ContainsUnprintableControlCodes(str, length) &&
+      IsValidUTF8(str, length)) {
+    *os << "\n    As Text: \"" << str << "\"";
+  }
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
 // Prints a ::string object.
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 void PrintStringTo(const ::string& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+  if (PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os) == kHexEscape) {
+    if (GTEST_FLAG(print_utf8)) {
+      ConditionalPrintAsText(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+    }
+  }
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
 void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+  if (PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os) == kHexEscape) {
+    if (GTEST_FLAG(print_utf8)) {
+      ConditionalPrintAsText(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 // Prints a ::wstring object.
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest-test-part.cc b/test/googletest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
index fb0e3542..c88860d9 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
@@ -26,21 +26,12 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
 //
-// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-test-part.h"
-
-// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
-// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
-// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
-// user's code.
-#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
-#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
 namespace testing {
 
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc b/test/googletest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
index df1eef47..1dc2ad38 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
+
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-typed-test.h"
+
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 namespace testing {
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest.cc b/test/googletest/src/gtest.cc
index d882ab2e..96b07c68 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest.cc
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest.cc
@@ -26,10 +26,9 @@
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
 //
-// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
-//
-// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@
 
 #if GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
-// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
+// FIXME: Use autoconf to detect availability of
 // gettimeofday().
 # define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
 
@@ -94,9 +93,9 @@
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
 // MinGW has gettimeofday() but not _ftime64().
-// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
+// FIXME: Use autoconf to detect availability of
 //   gettimeofday().
-// TODO(kenton@google.com): There are other ways to get the time on
+// FIXME: There are other ways to get the time on
 //   Windows, like GetTickCount() or GetSystemTimeAsFileTime().  MinGW
 //   supports these.  consider using them instead.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@
 #else
 
 // Assume other platforms have gettimeofday().
-// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
+// FIXME: Use autoconf to detect availability of
 //   gettimeofday().
 # define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
 
@@ -133,19 +132,25 @@
 # include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
-// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
-// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
-#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
-#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
+#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_IOS
+#include <crt_externs.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#include "absl/debugging/failure_signal_handler.h"
+#include "absl/debugging/stacktrace.h"
+#include "absl/debugging/symbolize.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+
 namespace testing {
 
 using internal::CountIf;
@@ -167,8 +172,10 @@ static const char kDeathTestCaseFilter[] = "*DeathTest:*DeathTest/*";
 // A test filter that matches everything.
 static const char kUniversalFilter[] = "*";
 
-// The default output file for XML output.
-static const char kDefaultOutputFile[] = "test_detail.xml";
+// The default output format.
+static const char kDefaultOutputFormat[] = "xml";
+// The default output file.
+static const char kDefaultOutputFile[] = "test_detail";
 
 // The environment variable name for the test shard index.
 static const char kTestShardIndex[] = "GTEST_SHARD_INDEX";
@@ -187,15 +194,31 @@ const char kStackTraceMarker[] = "\nStack trace:\n";
 // specified on the command line.
 bool g_help_flag = false;
 
+// Utilty function to Open File for Writing
+static FILE* OpenFileForWriting(const std::string& output_file) {
+  FILE* fileout = NULL;
+  FilePath output_file_path(output_file);
+  FilePath output_dir(output_file_path.RemoveFileName());
+
+  if (output_dir.CreateDirectoriesRecursively()) {
+    fileout = posix::FOpen(output_file.c_str(), "w");
+  }
+  if (fileout == NULL) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Unable to open file \"" << output_file << "\"";
+  }
+  return fileout;
+}
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
+// Bazel passes in the argument to '--test_filter' via the TESTBRIDGE_TEST_ONLY
+// environment variable.
 static const char* GetDefaultFilter() {
-#ifdef GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_
-  const char* const testbridge_test_only = getenv(GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_);
+  const char* const testbridge_test_only =
+      internal::posix::GetEnv("TESTBRIDGE_TEST_ONLY");
   if (testbridge_test_only != NULL) {
     return testbridge_test_only;
   }
-#endif  // GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_
   return kUniversalFilter;
 }
 
@@ -232,15 +255,28 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     "exclude).  A test is run if it matches one of the positive "
     "patterns and does not match any of the negative patterns.");
 
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    install_failure_signal_handler,
+    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("install_failure_signal_handler", false),
+    "If true and supported on the current platform, " GTEST_NAME_ " should "
+    "install a signal handler that dumps debugging information when fatal "
+    "signals are raised.");
+
 GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(list_tests, false,
                    "List all tests without running them.");
 
+// The net priority order after flag processing is thus:
+//   --gtest_output command line flag
+//   GTEST_OUTPUT environment variable
+//   XML_OUTPUT_FILE environment variable
+//   ''
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     output,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("output", ""),
-    "A format (currently must be \"xml\"), optionally followed "
-    "by a colon and an output file name or directory. A directory "
-    "is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("output",
+      internal::OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar().c_str()),
+    "A format (defaults to \"xml\" but can be specified to be \"json\"), "
+    "optionally followed by a colon and an output file name or directory. "
+    "A directory is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
     "Examples: \"xml:filename.xml\", \"xml::directoryname/\". "
     "If a directory is specified, output files will be created "
     "within that directory, with file-names based on the test "
@@ -253,6 +289,12 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
     " should display elapsed time in text output.");
 
+GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
+    print_utf8,
+    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("print_utf8", true),
+    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
+    " prints UTF8 characters as text.");
+
 GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
     random_seed,
     internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("random_seed", 0),
@@ -294,7 +336,7 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("throw_on_failure", false),
     "When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an exception "
     "if exceptions are enabled or exit the program with a non-zero code "
-    "otherwise.");
+    "otherwise. For use with an external test framework.");
 
 #if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
@@ -310,7 +352,8 @@ namespace internal {
 // than kMaxRange.
 UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
   // These constants are the same as are used in glibc's rand(3).
-  state_ = (1103515245U*state_ + 12345U) % kMaxRange;
+  // Use wider types than necessary to prevent unsigned overflow diagnostics.
+  state_ = static_cast<UInt32>(1103515245ULL*state_ + 12345U) % kMaxRange;
 
   GTEST_CHECK_(range > 0)
       << "Cannot generate a number in the range [0, 0).";
@@ -384,12 +427,15 @@ void AssertHelper::operator=(const Message& message) const {
 GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
 // A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
+static ::std::vector<std::string> g_argvs;
 
-const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetArgvs() {
+::std::vector<std::string> GetArgvs() {
 #if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
-  return GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_();
-#else  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
+  // GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_() may return a container of std::string or
+  // ::string. This code converts it to the appropriate type.
+  const auto& custom = GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_();
+  return ::std::vector<std::string>(custom.begin(), custom.end());
+#else   // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
   return g_argvs;
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
 }
@@ -413,8 +459,6 @@ FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
 // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
 std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
   const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
-  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return std::string("");
-
   const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
   return (colon == NULL) ?
       std::string(gtest_output_flag) :
@@ -425,19 +469,22 @@ std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
 // was explicitly specified.
 std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
   const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
-  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL)
-    return "";
+
+  std::string format = GetOutputFormat();
+  if (format.empty())
+    format = std::string(kDefaultOutputFormat);
 
   const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
   if (colon == NULL)
-    return internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
+    return internal::FilePath::MakeFileName(
         internal::FilePath(
             UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
-        internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).string();
+        internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile), 0,
+        format.c_str()).string();
 
   internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
   if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
-    // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows \some\path is not an absolute
+    // FIXME: on Windows \some\path is not an absolute
     // path (as its meaning depends on the current drive), yet the
     // following logic for turning it into an absolute path is wrong.
     // Fix it.
@@ -628,12 +675,12 @@ extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest = GetTestTypeId();
 // This predicate-formatter checks that 'results' contains a test part
 // failure of the given type and that the failure message contains the
 // given substring.
-AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
-                              const char* /* type_expr */,
-                              const char* /* substr_expr */,
-                              const TestPartResultArray& results,
-                              TestPartResult::Type type,
-                              const string& substr) {
+static AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
+                                     const char* /* type_expr */,
+                                     const char* /* substr_expr */,
+                                     const TestPartResultArray& results,
+                                     TestPartResult::Type type,
+                                     const std::string& substr) {
   const std::string expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
                         "1 fatal failure" :
                         "1 non-fatal failure");
@@ -667,13 +714,10 @@ AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
 // The constructor of SingleFailureChecker remembers where to look up
 // test part results, what type of failure we expect, and what
 // substring the failure message should contain.
-SingleFailureChecker:: SingleFailureChecker(
-    const TestPartResultArray* results,
-    TestPartResult::Type type,
-    const string& substr)
-    : results_(results),
-      type_(type),
-      substr_(substr) {}
+SingleFailureChecker::SingleFailureChecker(const TestPartResultArray* results,
+                                           TestPartResult::Type type,
+                                           const std::string& substr)
+    : results_(results), type_(type), substr_(substr) {}
 
 // The destructor of SingleFailureChecker verifies that the given
 // TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
@@ -814,7 +858,7 @@ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
   SYSTEMTIME now_systime;
   FILETIME now_filetime;
   ULARGE_INTEGER now_int64;
-  // TODO(kenton@google.com): Shouldn't this just use
+  // FIXME: Shouldn't this just use
   //   GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()?
   GetSystemTime(&now_systime);
   if (SystemTimeToFileTime(&now_systime, &now_filetime)) {
@@ -830,11 +874,11 @@ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
 
   // MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
   // (deprecated function) there.
-  // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
+  // FIXME: Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
   //   SystemTimeToFileTime()
-  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_()
   _ftime64(&now);
-  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_()
 
   return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
 #elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
@@ -1171,7 +1215,7 @@ class Hunk {
   // Print a unified diff header for one hunk.
   // The format is
   //   "@@ -<left_start>,<left_length> +<right_start>,<right_length> @@"
-  // where the left/right parts are ommitted if unnecessary.
+  // where the left/right parts are omitted if unnecessary.
   void PrintHeader(std::ostream* ss) const {
     *ss << "@@ ";
     if (removes_) {
@@ -1315,13 +1359,14 @@ AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* lhs_expression,
                           const std::string& rhs_value,
                           bool ignoring_case) {
   Message msg;
-  msg << "      Expected: " << lhs_expression;
+  msg << "Expected equality of these values:";
+  msg << "\n  " << lhs_expression;
   if (lhs_value != lhs_expression) {
-    msg << "\n      Which is: " << lhs_value;
+    msg << "\n    Which is: " << lhs_value;
   }
-  msg << "\nTo be equal to: " << rhs_expression;
+  msg << "\n  " << rhs_expression;
   if (rhs_value != rhs_expression) {
-    msg << "\n      Which is: " << rhs_value;
+    msg << "\n    Which is: " << rhs_value;
   }
 
   if (ignoring_case) {
@@ -1368,7 +1413,7 @@ AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
   const double diff = fabs(val1 - val2);
   if (diff <= abs_error) return AssertionSuccess();
 
-  // TODO(wan): do not print the value of an expression if it's
+  // FIXME: do not print the value of an expression if it's
   // already a literal.
   return AssertionFailure()
       << "The difference between " << expr1 << " and " << expr2
@@ -1663,7 +1708,7 @@ namespace {
 AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
                                      const char* expected,
                                      long hr) {  // NOLINT
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_TV_TITLE
 
   // Windows CE doesn't support FormatMessage.
   const char error_text[] = "";
@@ -1720,7 +1765,7 @@ AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
 // Utility functions for encoding Unicode text (wide strings) in
 // UTF-8.
 
-// A Unicode code-point can have upto 21 bits, and is encoded in UTF-8
+// A Unicode code-point can have up to 21 bits, and is encoded in UTF-8
 // like this:
 //
 // Code-point length   Encoding
@@ -1784,7 +1829,7 @@ std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point) {
   return str;
 }
 
-// The following two functions only make sense if the the system
+// The following two functions only make sense if the system
 // uses UTF-16 for wide string encoding. All supported systems
 // with 16 bit wchar_t (Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS) do use UTF-16.
 
@@ -2096,13 +2141,8 @@ static const char* const kReservedTestSuiteAttributes[] = {
 
 // The list of reserved attributes used in the <testcase> element of XML output.
 static const char* const kReservedTestCaseAttributes[] = {
-  "classname",
-  "name",
-  "status",
-  "time",
-  "type_param",
-  "value_param"
-};
+    "classname",  "name",        "status", "time",
+    "type_param", "value_param", "file",   "line"};
 
 template <int kSize>
 std::vector<std::string> ArrayAsVector(const char* const (&array)[kSize]) {
@@ -2138,8 +2178,9 @@ static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
   return word_list.GetString();
 }
 
-bool ValidateTestPropertyName(const std::string& property_name,
-                              const std::vector<std::string>& reserved_names) {
+static bool ValidateTestPropertyName(
+    const std::string& property_name,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& reserved_names) {
   if (std::find(reserved_names.begin(), reserved_names.end(), property_name) !=
           reserved_names.end()) {
     ADD_FAILURE() << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): " << property_name
@@ -2436,6 +2477,8 @@ Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
     try {
       return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
+    } catch (const AssertionException&) {  // NOLINT
+      // This failure was reported already.
     } catch (const internal::GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
       // This exception type can only be thrown by a failed Google
       // Test assertion with the intention of letting another testing
@@ -2557,7 +2600,6 @@ TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
   return test_info;
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char* test_case_name,
                                CodeLocation code_location) {
   Message errors;
@@ -2571,13 +2613,10 @@ void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char* test_case_name,
       << "probably rename one of the classes to put the tests into different\n"
       << "test cases.";
 
-  fprintf(stderr, "%s %s",
-          FormatFileLocation(code_location.file.c_str(),
-                             code_location.line).c_str(),
-          errors.GetString().c_str());
+  GTEST_LOG_(ERROR) << FormatFileLocation(code_location.file.c_str(),
+                                          code_location.line)
+                    << " " << errors.GetString();
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
-
 }  // namespace internal
 
 namespace {
@@ -2615,12 +2654,10 @@ namespace internal {
 // and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P into regular tests and registers those.
 // This will be done just once during the program runtime.
 void UnitTestImpl::RegisterParameterizedTests() {
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
   if (!parameterized_tests_registered_) {
     parameterized_test_registry_.RegisterTests();
     parameterized_tests_registered_ = true;
   }
-#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
@@ -2648,18 +2685,18 @@ void TestInfo::Run() {
       factory_, &internal::TestFactoryBase::CreateTest,
       "the test fixture's constructor");
 
-  // Runs the test only if the test object was created and its
-  // constructor didn't generate a fatal failure.
-  if ((test != NULL) && !Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
+  // Runs the test if the constructor didn't generate a fatal failure.
+  // Note that the object will not be null
+  if (!Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
     // This doesn't throw as all user code that can throw are wrapped into
     // exception handling code.
     test->Run();
   }
 
-  // Deletes the test object.
-  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
-  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
-      test, &Test::DeleteSelf_, "the test fixture's destructor");
+    // Deletes the test object.
+    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
+    internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
+        test, &Test::DeleteSelf_, "the test fixture's destructor");
 
   result_.set_elapsed_time(internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start);
 
@@ -2885,10 +2922,10 @@ enum GTestColor {
 };
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
-    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
 
 // Returns the character attribute for the given color.
-WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
+static WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
   switch (color) {
     case COLOR_RED:    return FOREGROUND_RED;
     case COLOR_GREEN:  return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
@@ -2897,11 +2934,42 @@ WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
   }
 }
 
+static int GetBitOffset(WORD color_mask) {
+  if (color_mask == 0) return 0;
+
+  int bitOffset = 0;
+  while ((color_mask & 1) == 0) {
+    color_mask >>= 1;
+    ++bitOffset;
+  }
+  return bitOffset;
+}
+
+static WORD GetNewColor(GTestColor color, WORD old_color_attrs) {
+  // Let's reuse the BG
+  static const WORD background_mask = BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_GREEN |
+                                      BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+  static const WORD foreground_mask = FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN |
+                                      FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+  const WORD existing_bg = old_color_attrs & background_mask;
+
+  WORD new_color =
+      GetColorAttribute(color) | existing_bg | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+  static const int bg_bitOffset = GetBitOffset(background_mask);
+  static const int fg_bitOffset = GetBitOffset(foreground_mask);
+
+  if (((new_color & background_mask) >> bg_bitOffset) ==
+      ((new_color & foreground_mask) >> fg_bitOffset)) {
+    new_color ^= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;  // invert intensity
+  }
+  return new_color;
+}
+
 #else
 
 // Returns the ANSI color code for the given color.  COLOR_DEFAULT is
 // an invalid input.
-const char* GetAnsiColorCode(GTestColor color) {
+static const char* GetAnsiColorCode(GTestColor color) {
   switch (color) {
     case COLOR_RED:     return "1";
     case COLOR_GREEN:   return "2";
@@ -2917,7 +2985,7 @@ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) {
   const char* const gtest_color = GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str();
 
   if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "auto")) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
     // On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
     // console there does support colors.
     return stdout_is_tty;
@@ -2953,7 +3021,7 @@ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) {
 // cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
 // This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
 // that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
-void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
+static void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
 
@@ -2974,20 +3042,21 @@ void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
   }
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
-    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
   const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 
   // Gets the current text color.
   CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
   GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
   const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;
+  const WORD new_color = GetNewColor(color, old_color_attrs);
 
   // We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
   // SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
   // printed but has not yet reached the console.
   fflush(stdout);
-  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle,
-                          GetColorAttribute(color) | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
+  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, new_color);
+
   vprintf(fmt, args);
 
   fflush(stdout);
@@ -3001,12 +3070,12 @@ void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_end(args);
 }
 
-// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gunit_list_tests
+// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gtest_list_tests
 // output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
 static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
 static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";
 
-void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+static void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   const char* const type_param = test_info.type_param();
   const char* const value_param = test_info.value_param();
 
@@ -3277,7 +3346,7 @@ void TestEventRepeater::Append(TestEventListener *listener) {
   listeners_.push_back(listener);
 }
 
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Factor the search functionality into Vector::Find.
+// FIXME: Factor the search functionality into Vector::Find.
 TestEventListener* TestEventRepeater::Release(TestEventListener *listener) {
   for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); ++i) {
     if (listeners_[i] == listener) {
@@ -3351,6 +3420,11 @@ class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
   explicit XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file);
 
   virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
+  void ListTestsMatchingFilter(const std::vector<TestCase*>& test_cases);
+
+  // Prints an XML summary of all unit tests.
+  static void PrintXmlTestsList(std::ostream* stream,
+                                const std::vector<TestCase*>& test_cases);
 
  private:
   // Is c a whitespace character that is normalized to a space character
@@ -3412,6 +3486,11 @@ class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
   // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
   static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
 
+  // Streams an XML representation of the test properties of a TestResult
+  // object.
+  static void OutputXmlTestProperties(std::ostream* stream,
+                                      const TestResult& result);
+
   // The output file.
   const std::string output_file_;
 
@@ -3421,46 +3500,30 @@ class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
 // Creates a new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter.
 XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file)
     : output_file_(output_file) {
-  if (output_file_.c_str() == NULL || output_file_.empty()) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "XML output file may not be null\n");
-    fflush(stderr);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  if (output_file_.empty()) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "XML output file may not be null";
   }
 }
 
 // Called after the unit test ends.
 void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
                                                   int /*iteration*/) {
-  FILE* xmlout = NULL;
-  FilePath output_file(output_file_);
-  FilePath output_dir(output_file.RemoveFileName());
-
-  if (output_dir.CreateDirectoriesRecursively()) {
-    xmlout = posix::FOpen(output_file_.c_str(), "w");
-  }
-  if (xmlout == NULL) {
-    // TODO(wan): report the reason of the failure.
-    //
-    // We don't do it for now as:
-    //
-    //   1. There is no urgent need for it.
-    //   2. It's a bit involved to make the errno variable thread-safe on
-    //      all three operating systems (Linux, Windows, and Mac OS).
-    //   3. To interpret the meaning of errno in a thread-safe way,
-    //      we need the strerror_r() function, which is not available on
-    //      Windows.
-    fprintf(stderr,
-            "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
-            output_file_.c_str());
-    fflush(stderr);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-  }
+  FILE* xmlout = OpenFileForWriting(output_file_);
   std::stringstream stream;
   PrintXmlUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
   fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
   fclose(xmlout);
 }
 
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::ListTestsMatchingFilter(
+    const std::vector<TestCase*>& test_cases) {
+  FILE* xmlout = OpenFileForWriting(output_file_);
+  std::stringstream stream;
+  PrintXmlTestsList(&stream, test_cases);
+  fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
+  fclose(xmlout);
+}
+
 // Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If is_attribute
 // is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute value, and
 // normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it with character
@@ -3471,7 +3534,7 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
 // module will consist of ordinary English text.
 // If this module is ever modified to produce version 1.1 XML output,
 // most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
-// TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
+// FIXME: It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
 // escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
 std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(
     const std::string& str, bool is_attribute) {
@@ -3532,6 +3595,7 @@ std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(
 
 // The following routines generate an XML representation of a UnitTest
 // object.
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0009 DO NOT DELETE
 //
 // This is how Google Test concepts map to the DTD:
 //
@@ -3621,13 +3685,17 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlAttribute(
 }
 
 // Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
-// TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
+// FIXME: There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
 void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
                                                  const char* test_case_name,
                                                  const TestInfo& test_info) {
   const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
   const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";
 
+  if (test_info.is_in_another_shard()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   *stream << "    <testcase";
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name());
 
@@ -3638,13 +3706,19 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
   if (test_info.type_param() != NULL) {
     OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "type_param", test_info.type_param());
   }
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "file", test_info.file());
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "line",
+                       StreamableToString(test_info.line()));
+    *stream << " />\n";
+    return;
+  }
 
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "status",
                      test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun");
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "time",
                      FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name);
-  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result);
 
   int failures = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
@@ -3653,22 +3727,28 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
       if (++failures == 1) {
         *stream << ">\n";
       }
-      const string location = internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
-          part.file_name(), part.line_number());
-      const string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
+      const std::string location =
+          internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(part.file_name(),
+                                                          part.line_number());
+      const std::string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
       *stream << "      <failure message=\""
               << EscapeXmlAttribute(summary.c_str())
               << "\" type=\"\">";
-      const string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
+      const std::string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
       OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(detail).c_str());
       *stream << "</failure>\n";
     }
   }
 
-  if (failures == 0)
+  if (failures == 0 && result.test_property_count() == 0) {
     *stream << " />\n";
-  else
+  } else {
+    if (failures == 0) {
+      *stream << ">\n";
+    }
+    OutputXmlTestProperties(stream, result);
     *stream << "    </testcase>\n";
+  }
 }
 
 // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
@@ -3679,17 +3759,18 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(std::ostream* stream,
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_case.name());
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "tests",
                      StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_test_count()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
-                     StreamableToString(test_case.failed_test_count()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(
-      stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
-      StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
-  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
-                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()));
-  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result())
-          << ">\n";
-
+  if (!GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
+                       StreamableToString(test_case.failed_test_count()));
+    OutputXmlAttribute(
+        stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
+        StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
+                       FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()));
+    *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result());
+  }
+  *stream << ">\n";
   for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i) {
     if (test_case.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable())
       OutputXmlTestInfo(stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
@@ -3723,7 +3804,6 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
     OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
                        StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
   }
-
   *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());
 
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
@@ -3736,6 +3816,28 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
   *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
 }
 
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestsList(
+    std::ostream* stream, const std::vector<TestCase*>& test_cases) {
+  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
+
+  *stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+  *stream << "<" << kTestsuites;
+
+  int total_tests = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases.size(); ++i) {
+    total_tests += test_cases[i]->total_test_count();
+  }
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
+                     StreamableToString(total_tests));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
+  *stream << ">\n";
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases.size(); ++i) {
+    PrintXmlTestCase(stream, *test_cases[i]);
+  }
+  *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
+}
+
 // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
 // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
 std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
@@ -3749,8 +3851,390 @@ std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
   return attributes.GetString();
 }
 
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestProperties(
+    std::ostream* stream, const TestResult& result) {
+  const std::string kProperties = "properties";
+  const std::string kProperty = "property";
+
+  if (result.test_property_count() <= 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  *stream << "<" << kProperties << ">\n";
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
+    const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
+    *stream << "<" << kProperty;
+    *stream << " name=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.key()) << "\"";
+    *stream << " value=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
+    *stream << "/>\n";
+  }
+  *stream << "</" << kProperties << ">\n";
+}
+
 // End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter
 
+// This class generates an JSON output file.
+class JsonUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ public:
+  explicit JsonUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file);
+
+  virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
+
+  // Prints an JSON summary of all unit tests.
+  static void PrintJsonTestList(::std::ostream* stream,
+                                const std::vector<TestCase*>& test_cases);
+
+ private:
+  // Returns an JSON-escaped copy of the input string str.
+  static std::string EscapeJson(const std::string& str);
+
+  //// Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
+  //// streams the attribute as JSON.
+  static void OutputJsonKey(std::ostream* stream,
+                            const std::string& element_name,
+                            const std::string& name,
+                            const std::string& value,
+                            const std::string& indent,
+                            bool comma = true);
+  static void OutputJsonKey(std::ostream* stream,
+                            const std::string& element_name,
+                            const std::string& name,
+                            int value,
+                            const std::string& indent,
+                            bool comma = true);
+
+  // Streams a JSON representation of a TestInfo object.
+  static void OutputJsonTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
+                                 const char* test_case_name,
+                                 const TestInfo& test_info);
+
+  // Prints a JSON representation of a TestCase object
+  static void PrintJsonTestCase(::std::ostream* stream,
+                                const TestCase& test_case);
+
+  // Prints a JSON summary of unit_test to output stream out.
+  static void PrintJsonUnitTest(::std::ostream* stream,
+                                const UnitTest& unit_test);
+
+  // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as
+  // a JSON dictionary.
+  static std::string TestPropertiesAsJson(const TestResult& result,
+                                          const std::string& indent);
+
+  // The output file.
+  const std::string output_file_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(JsonUnitTestResultPrinter);
+};
+
+// Creates a new JsonUnitTestResultPrinter.
+JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::JsonUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file)
+    : output_file_(output_file) {
+  if (output_file_.empty()) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "JSON output file may not be null";
+  }
+}
+
+void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
+                                                  int /*iteration*/) {
+  FILE* jsonout = OpenFileForWriting(output_file_);
+  std::stringstream stream;
+  PrintJsonUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
+  fprintf(jsonout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
+  fclose(jsonout);
+}
+
+// Returns an JSON-escaped copy of the input string str.
+std::string JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeJson(const std::string& str) {
+  Message m;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
+    const char ch = str[i];
+    switch (ch) {
+      case '\\':
+      case '"':
+      case '/':
+        m << '\\' << ch;
+        break;
+      case '\b':
+        m << "\\b";
+        break;
+      case '\t':
+        m << "\\t";
+        break;
+      case '\n':
+        m << "\\n";
+        break;
+      case '\f':
+        m << "\\f";
+        break;
+      case '\r':
+        m << "\\r";
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (ch < ' ') {
+          m << "\\u00" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch));
+        } else {
+          m << ch;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return m.GetString();
+}
+
+// The following routines generate an JSON representation of a UnitTest
+// object.
+
+// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
+static std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsDuration(TimeInMillis ms) {
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << (static_cast<double>(ms) * 1e-3) << "s";
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the
+// RFC3339 format, without the timezone information.
+static std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsRFC3339(TimeInMillis ms) {
+  struct tm time_struct;
+  if (!PortableLocaltime(static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000), &time_struct))
+    return "";
+  // YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
+  return StreamableToString(time_struct.tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mday) + "T" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_hour) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_min) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_sec) + "Z";
+}
+
+static inline std::string Indent(int width) {
+  return std::string(width, ' ');
+}
+
+void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputJsonKey(
+    std::ostream* stream,
+    const std::string& element_name,
+    const std::string& name,
+    const std::string& value,
+    const std::string& indent,
+    bool comma) {
+  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
+      GetReservedAttributesForElement(element_name);
+
+  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
+                   allowed_names.end())
+      << "Key \"" << name << "\" is not allowed for value \"" << element_name
+      << "\".";
+
+  *stream << indent << "\"" << name << "\": \"" << EscapeJson(value) << "\"";
+  if (comma)
+    *stream << ",\n";
+}
+
+void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputJsonKey(
+    std::ostream* stream,
+    const std::string& element_name,
+    const std::string& name,
+    int value,
+    const std::string& indent,
+    bool comma) {
+  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
+      GetReservedAttributesForElement(element_name);
+
+  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
+                   allowed_names.end())
+      << "Key \"" << name << "\" is not allowed for value \"" << element_name
+      << "\".";
+
+  *stream << indent << "\"" << name << "\": " << StreamableToString(value);
+  if (comma)
+    *stream << ",\n";
+}
+
+// Prints a JSON representation of a TestInfo object.
+void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputJsonTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
+                                                   const char* test_case_name,
+                                                   const TestInfo& test_info) {
+  const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
+  const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";
+  const std::string kIndent = Indent(10);
+
+  *stream << Indent(8) << "{\n";
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name(), kIndent);
+
+  if (test_info.value_param() != NULL) {
+    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestcase, "value_param",
+                  test_info.value_param(), kIndent);
+  }
+  if (test_info.type_param() != NULL) {
+    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestcase, "type_param", test_info.type_param(),
+                  kIndent);
+  }
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
+    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestcase, "file", test_info.file(), kIndent);
+    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestcase, "line", test_info.line(), kIndent, false);
+    *stream << "\n" << Indent(8) << "}";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestcase, "status",
+                test_info.should_run() ? "RUN" : "NOTRUN", kIndent);
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestcase, "time",
+                FormatTimeInMillisAsDuration(result.elapsed_time()), kIndent);
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name, kIndent, false);
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsJson(result, kIndent);
+
+  int failures = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
+    const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
+    if (part.failed()) {
+      *stream << ",\n";
+      if (++failures == 1) {
+        *stream << kIndent << "\"" << "failures" << "\": [\n";
+      }
+      const std::string location =
+          internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(part.file_name(),
+                                                          part.line_number());
+      const std::string message = EscapeJson(location + "\n" + part.message());
+      *stream << kIndent << "  {\n"
+              << kIndent << "    \"failure\": \"" << message << "\",\n"
+              << kIndent << "    \"type\": \"\"\n"
+              << kIndent << "  }";
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (failures > 0)
+    *stream << "\n" << kIndent << "]";
+  *stream << "\n" << Indent(8) << "}";
+}
+
+// Prints an JSON representation of a TestCase object
+void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintJsonTestCase(std::ostream* stream,
+                                                  const TestCase& test_case) {
+  const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
+  const std::string kIndent = Indent(6);
+
+  *stream << Indent(4) << "{\n";
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_case.name(), kIndent);
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "tests", test_case.reportable_test_count(),
+                kIndent);
+  if (!GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
+    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "failures", test_case.failed_test_count(),
+                  kIndent);
+    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
+                  test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count(), kIndent);
+    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", 0, kIndent);
+    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
+                  FormatTimeInMillisAsDuration(test_case.elapsed_time()),
+                  kIndent, false);
+    *stream << TestPropertiesAsJson(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result(), kIndent)
+            << ",\n";
+  }
+
+  *stream << kIndent << "\"" << kTestsuite << "\": [\n";
+
+  bool comma = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i) {
+    if (test_case.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable()) {
+      if (comma) {
+        *stream << ",\n";
+      } else {
+        comma = true;
+      }
+      OutputJsonTestInfo(stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
+    }
+  }
+  *stream << "\n" << kIndent << "]\n" << Indent(4) << "}";
+}
+
+// Prints a JSON summary of unit_test to output stream out.
+void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintJsonUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
+                                                  const UnitTest& unit_test) {
+  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
+  const std::string kIndent = Indent(2);
+  *stream << "{\n";
+
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "tests", unit_test.reportable_test_count(),
+                kIndent);
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "failures", unit_test.failed_test_count(),
+                kIndent);
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
+                unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count(), kIndent);
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", 0, kIndent);
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
+    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed", unit_test.random_seed(),
+                  kIndent);
+  }
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
+                FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsRFC3339(unit_test.start_timestamp()),
+                kIndent);
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
+                FormatTimeInMillisAsDuration(unit_test.elapsed_time()), kIndent,
+                false);
+
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsJson(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result(), kIndent)
+          << ",\n";
+
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests", kIndent);
+  *stream << kIndent << "\"" << kTestsuites << "\": [\n";
+
+  bool comma = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
+    if (unit_test.GetTestCase(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0) {
+      if (comma) {
+        *stream << ",\n";
+      } else {
+        comma = true;
+      }
+      PrintJsonTestCase(stream, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  *stream << "\n" << kIndent << "]\n" << "}\n";
+}
+
+void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintJsonTestList(
+    std::ostream* stream, const std::vector<TestCase*>& test_cases) {
+  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
+  const std::string kIndent = Indent(2);
+  *stream << "{\n";
+  int total_tests = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases.size(); ++i) {
+    total_tests += test_cases[i]->total_test_count();
+  }
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "tests", total_tests, kIndent);
+
+  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests", kIndent);
+  *stream << kIndent << "\"" << kTestsuites << "\": [\n";
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i != 0) {
+      *stream << ",\n";
+    }
+    PrintJsonTestCase(stream, *test_cases[i]);
+  }
+
+  *stream << "\n"
+          << kIndent << "]\n"
+          << "}\n";
+}
+// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as
+// a JSON dictionary.
+std::string JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsJson(
+    const TestResult& result, const std::string& indent) {
+  Message attributes;
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
+    const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
+    attributes << ",\n" << indent << "\"" << property.key() << "\": "
+               << "\"" << EscapeJson(property.value()) << "\"";
+  }
+  return attributes.GetString();
+}
+
+// End JsonUnitTestResultPrinter
+
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 
 // Checks if str contains '=', '&', '%' or '\n' characters. If yes,
@@ -3758,8 +4242,8 @@ std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
 // example, replaces "=" with "%3D".  This algorithm is O(strlen(str))
 // in both time and space -- important as the input str may contain an
 // arbitrarily long test failure message and stack trace.
-string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
-  string result;
+std::string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
+  std::string result;
   result.reserve(strlen(str) + 1);
   for (char ch = *str; ch != '\0'; ch = *++str) {
     switch (ch) {
@@ -3821,47 +4305,82 @@ void StreamingListener::SocketWriter::MakeConnection() {
 // End of class Streaming Listener
 #endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS__
 
-// Class ScopedTrace
+// class OsStackTraceGetter
 
-// Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
-// trace stack maintained by Google Test.
-ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message)
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
-  TraceInfo trace;
-  trace.file = file;
-  trace.line = line;
-  trace.message = message.GetString();
+const char* const OsStackTraceGetterInterface::kElidedFramesMarker =
+    "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";
 
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->PushGTestTrace(trace);
-}
+std::string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  std::string result;
 
-// Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
-ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace()
-    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
-}
+  if (max_depth <= 0) {
+    return result;
+  }
 
+  max_depth = std::min(max_depth, kMaxStackTraceDepth);
 
-// class OsStackTraceGetter
+  std::vector<void*> raw_stack(max_depth);
+  // Skips the frames requested by the caller, plus this function.
+  const int raw_stack_size =
+      absl::GetStackTrace(&raw_stack[0], max_depth, skip_count + 1);
 
-const char* const OsStackTraceGetterInterface::kElidedFramesMarker =
-    "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";
+  void* caller_frame = nullptr;
+  {
+    MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+    caller_frame = caller_frame_;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < raw_stack_size; ++i) {
+    if (raw_stack[i] == caller_frame &&
+        !GTEST_FLAG(show_internal_stack_frames)) {
+      // Add a marker to the trace and stop adding frames.
+      absl::StrAppend(&result, kElidedFramesMarker, "\n");
+      break;
+    }
 
-string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int /*max_depth*/,
-                                             int /*skip_count*/) {
+    char tmp[1024];
+    const char* symbol = "(unknown)";
+    if (absl::Symbolize(raw_stack[i], tmp, sizeof(tmp))) {
+      symbol = tmp;
+    }
+
+    char line[1024];
+    snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "  %p: %s\n", raw_stack[i], symbol);
+    result += line;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+
+#else  // !GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  static_cast<void>(max_depth);
+  static_cast<void>(skip_count);
   return "";
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
-void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() {}
+void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  void* caller_frame = nullptr;
+  if (absl::GetStackTrace(&caller_frame, 1, 3) <= 0) {
+    caller_frame = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+  caller_frame_ = caller_frame;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+}
 
 // A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
 // constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
 class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
  public:
   explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char* premature_exit_filepath)
-      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath) {
+      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath ?
+                                 premature_exit_filepath : "") {
     // If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
-    if (premature_exit_filepath != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath != '\0') {
+    if (!premature_exit_filepath_.empty()) {
       // create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
       // errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
       // don't want to fail the test because of this.
@@ -3872,13 +4391,18 @@ class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
   }
 
   ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
-    if (premature_exit_filepath_ != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath_ != '\0') {
-      remove(premature_exit_filepath_);
+    if (!premature_exit_filepath_.empty()) {
+      int retval = remove(premature_exit_filepath_.c_str());
+      if (retval) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(ERROR) << "Failed to remove premature exit filepath \""
+                          << premature_exit_filepath_ << "\" with error "
+                          << retval;
+      }
     }
   }
 
  private:
-  const char* const premature_exit_filepath_;
+  const std::string premature_exit_filepath_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
 };
@@ -4148,6 +4672,11 @@ void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(
       // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
       // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
       DebugBreak();
+#elif (!defined(__native_client__)) &&            \
+    ((defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)) && \
+     (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)))
+      // with clang/gcc we can achieve the same effect on x86 by invoking int3
+      asm("int3");
 #else
       // Dereference NULL through a volatile pointer to prevent the compiler
       // from removing. We use this rather than abort() or __builtin_trap() for
@@ -4215,7 +4744,7 @@ int UnitTest::Run() {
   // used for the duration of the program.
   impl()->set_catch_exceptions(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   // Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
   // tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
   // process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
@@ -4244,7 +4773,7 @@ int UnitTest::Run() {
     // VC++ doesn't define _set_abort_behavior() prior to the version 8.0.
     // Users of prior VC versions shall suffer the agony and pain of
     // clicking through the countless debug dialogs.
-    // TODO(vladl@google.com): find a way to suppress the abort dialog() in the
+    // FIXME: find a way to suppress the abort dialog() in the
     // debug mode when compiled with VC 7.1 or lower.
     if (!GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure))
       _set_abort_behavior(
@@ -4252,7 +4781,7 @@ int UnitTest::Run() {
           _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);  // pop-up window, core dump.
 # endif
   }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   return internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
       impl(),
@@ -4285,7 +4814,6 @@ const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const
 // Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
 int UnitTest::random_seed() const { return impl_->random_seed(); }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 // Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
 // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
 internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry&
@@ -4293,7 +4821,6 @@ internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry&
         GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
 // Creates an empty UnitTest.
 UnitTest::UnitTest() {
@@ -4332,10 +4859,8 @@ UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
           &default_global_test_part_result_reporter_),
       per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
           &default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_),
-#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
       parameterized_test_registry_(),
       parameterized_tests_registered_(false),
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
       last_death_test_case_(-1),
       current_test_case_(NULL),
       current_test_info_(NULL),
@@ -4402,10 +4927,12 @@ void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
   if (output_format == "xml") {
     listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
         UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
+  } else if (output_format == "json") {
+    listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new JsonUnitTestResultPrinter(
+        UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
   } else if (output_format != "") {
-    printf("WARNING: unrecognized output format \"%s\" ignored.\n",
-           output_format.c_str());
-    fflush(stdout);
+    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "WARNING: unrecognized output format \""
+                        << output_format << "\" ignored.";
   }
 }
 
@@ -4420,9 +4947,8 @@ void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureStreamingOutput() {
       listeners()->Append(new StreamingListener(target.substr(0, pos),
                                                 target.substr(pos+1)));
     } else {
-      printf("WARNING: unrecognized streaming target \"%s\" ignored.\n",
-             target.c_str());
-      fflush(stdout);
+      GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "unrecognized streaming target \"" << target
+                          << "\" ignored.";
     }
   }
 }
@@ -4461,6 +4987,13 @@ void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
     // Configures listeners for streaming test results to the specified server.
     ConfigureStreamingOutput();
 #endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+    if (GTEST_FLAG(install_failure_signal_handler)) {
+      absl::FailureSignalHandlerOptions options;
+      absl::InstallFailureSignalHandler(options);
+    }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
   }
 }
 
@@ -4504,11 +5037,11 @@ TestCase* UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase(const char* test_case_name,
                                     Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
                                     Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc) {
   // Can we find a TestCase with the given name?
-  const std::vector<TestCase*>::const_iterator test_case =
-      std::find_if(test_cases_.begin(), test_cases_.end(),
+  const std::vector<TestCase*>::const_reverse_iterator test_case =
+      std::find_if(test_cases_.rbegin(), test_cases_.rend(),
                    TestCaseNameIs(test_case_name));
 
-  if (test_case != test_cases_.end())
+  if (test_case != test_cases_.rend())
     return *test_case;
 
   // No.  Let's create one.
@@ -4549,13 +5082,8 @@ static void TearDownEnvironment(Environment* env) { env->TearDown(); }
 // All other functions called from RunAllTests() may safely assume that
 // parameterized tests are ready to be counted and run.
 bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
-  // Makes sure InitGoogleTest() was called.
-  if (!GTestIsInitialized()) {
-    printf("%s",
-           "\nThis test program did NOT call ::testing::InitGoogleTest "
-           "before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Please fix it.\n");
-    return false;
-  }
+  // True iff Google Test is initialized before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is called.
+  const bool gtest_is_initialized_before_run_all_tests = GTestIsInitialized();
 
   // Do not run any test if the --help flag was specified.
   if (g_help_flag)
@@ -4683,6 +5211,20 @@ bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
 
   repeater->OnTestProgramEnd(*parent_);
 
+  if (!gtest_is_initialized_before_run_all_tests) {
+    ColoredPrintf(
+        COLOR_RED,
+        "\nIMPORTANT NOTICE - DO NOT IGNORE:\n"
+        "This test program did NOT call " GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_
+        "() before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS(). This is INVALID. Soon " GTEST_NAME_
+        " will start to enforce the valid usage. "
+        "Please fix it ASAP, or IT WILL START TO FAIL.\n");  // NOLINT
+#if GTEST_FOR_GOOGLE_
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,
+                  "For more details, see http://wiki/Main/ValidGUnitMain.\n");
+#endif  // GTEST_FOR_GOOGLE_
+  }
+
   return !failed;
 }
 
@@ -4784,8 +5326,8 @@ bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id) {
 // each TestCase and TestInfo object.
 // If shard_tests == true, further filters tests based on sharding
 // variables in the environment - see
-// http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestAdvancedGuide.
-// Returns the number of tests that should run.
+// https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/docs/advanced.md
+// . Returns the number of tests that should run.
 int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
   const Int32 total_shards = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
       Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestTotalShards, -1) : -1;
@@ -4824,10 +5366,11 @@ int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
           (GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) || !is_disabled) &&
           matches_filter;
 
-      const bool is_selected = is_runnable &&
-          (shard_tests == IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ||
-           ShouldRunTestOnShard(total_shards, shard_index,
-                                num_runnable_tests));
+      const bool is_in_another_shard =
+          shard_tests != IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL &&
+          !ShouldRunTestOnShard(total_shards, shard_index, num_runnable_tests);
+      test_info->is_in_another_shard_ = is_in_another_shard;
+      const bool is_selected = is_runnable && !is_in_another_shard;
 
       num_runnable_tests += is_runnable;
       num_selected_tests += is_selected;
@@ -4897,6 +5440,23 @@ void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
     }
   }
   fflush(stdout);
+  const std::string& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
+  if (output_format == "xml" || output_format == "json") {
+    FILE* fileout = OpenFileForWriting(
+        UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str());
+    std::stringstream stream;
+    if (output_format == "xml") {
+      XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
+          UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str())
+          .PrintXmlTestsList(&stream, test_cases_);
+    } else if (output_format == "json") {
+      JsonUnitTestResultPrinter(
+          UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str())
+          .PrintJsonTestList(&stream, test_cases_);
+    }
+    fprintf(fileout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
+    fclose(fileout);
+  }
 }
 
 // Sets the OS stack trace getter.
@@ -4927,11 +5487,15 @@ OsStackTraceGetterInterface* UnitTestImpl::os_stack_trace_getter() {
   return os_stack_trace_getter_;
 }
 
-// Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
-// the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
+// Returns the most specific TestResult currently running.
 TestResult* UnitTestImpl::current_test_result() {
-  return current_test_info_ ?
-      &(current_test_info_->result_) : &ad_hoc_test_result_;
+  if (current_test_info_ != NULL) {
+    return &current_test_info_->result_;
+  }
+  if (current_test_case_ != NULL) {
+    return &current_test_case_->ad_hoc_test_result_;
+  }
+  return &ad_hoc_test_result_;
 }
 
 // Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
@@ -5012,9 +5576,8 @@ bool SkipPrefix(const char* prefix, const char** pstr) {
 // part can be omitted.
 //
 // Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
-const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str,
-                           const char* flag,
-                           bool def_optional) {
+static const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str, const char* flag,
+                                  bool def_optional) {
   // str and flag must not be NULL.
   if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;
 
@@ -5050,7 +5613,7 @@ const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str,
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
 // true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-bool ParseBoolFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value) {
+static bool ParseBoolFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value) {
   // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
   const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true);
 
@@ -5084,7 +5647,8 @@ bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value) {
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
 // true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value) {
+template <typename String>
+static bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, String* value) {
   // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
   const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
 
@@ -5120,7 +5684,7 @@ static bool HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(const char* str) {
 //   @Y    changes the color to yellow.
 //   @D    changes to the default terminal text color.
 //
-// TODO(wan@google.com): Write tests for this once we add stdout
+// FIXME: Write tests for this once we add stdout
 // capturing to Google Test.
 static void PrintColorEncoded(const char* str) {
   GTestColor color = COLOR_DEFAULT;  // The current color.
@@ -5186,24 +5750,25 @@ static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
 "      Enable/disable colored output. The default is @Gauto@D.\n"
 "  -@G-" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "print_time=0@D\n"
 "      Don't print the elapsed time of each test.\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "output=xml@Y[@G:@YDIRECTORY_PATH@G"
+"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "output=@Y(@Gjson@Y|@Gxml@Y)[@G:@YDIRECTORY_PATH@G"
     GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "@Y|@G:@YFILE_PATH]@D\n"
-"      Generate an XML report in the given directory or with the given file\n"
-"      name. @YFILE_PATH@D defaults to @Gtest_details.xml@D.\n"
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+"      Generate a JSON or XML report in the given directory or with the given\n"
+"      file name. @YFILE_PATH@D defaults to @Gtest_details.xml@D.\n"
+# if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "stream_result_to=@YHOST@G:@YPORT@D\n"
 "      Stream test results to the given server.\n"
-#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+# endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 "\n"
 "Assertion Behavior:\n"
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "death_test_style=@Y(@Gfast@Y|@Gthreadsafe@Y)@D\n"
 "      Set the default death test style.\n"
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "break_on_failure@D\n"
 "      Turn assertion failures into debugger break-points.\n"
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "throw_on_failure@D\n"
-"      Turn assertion failures into C++ exceptions.\n"
+"      Turn assertion failures into C++ exceptions for use by an external\n"
+"      test framework.\n"
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "catch_exceptions=0@D\n"
 "      Do not report exceptions as test failures. Instead, allow them\n"
 "      to crash the program or throw a pop-up (on Windows).\n"
@@ -5220,7 +5785,7 @@ static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
 "(not one in your own code or tests), please report it to\n"
 "@G<" GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ ">@D.\n";
 
-bool ParseGoogleTestFlag(const char* const arg) {
+static bool ParseGoogleTestFlag(const char* const arg) {
   return ParseBoolFlag(arg, kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag,
                        &GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) ||
       ParseBoolFlag(arg, kBreakOnFailureFlag,
@@ -5238,6 +5803,7 @@ bool ParseGoogleTestFlag(const char* const arg) {
       ParseBoolFlag(arg, kListTestsFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) ||
       ParseStringFlag(arg, kOutputFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(output)) ||
       ParseBoolFlag(arg, kPrintTimeFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kPrintUTF8Flag, &GTEST_FLAG(print_utf8)) ||
       ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRandomSeedFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) ||
       ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRepeatFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(repeat)) ||
       ParseBoolFlag(arg, kShuffleFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) ||
@@ -5250,14 +5816,11 @@ bool ParseGoogleTestFlag(const char* const arg) {
 }
 
 #if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
-void LoadFlagsFromFile(const std::string& path) {
+static void LoadFlagsFromFile(const std::string& path) {
   FILE* flagfile = posix::FOpen(path.c_str(), "r");
   if (!flagfile) {
-    fprintf(stderr,
-            "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
-            GTEST_FLAG(flagfile).c_str());
-    fflush(stderr);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Unable to open file \"" << GTEST_FLAG(flagfile)
+                      << "\"";
   }
   std::string contents(ReadEntireFile(flagfile));
   posix::FClose(flagfile);
@@ -5331,6 +5894,17 @@ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
 // other parts of Google Test.
 void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv) {
   ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
+
+  // Fix the value of *_NSGetArgc() on macOS, but iff
+  // *_NSGetArgv() == argv
+  // Only applicable to char** version of argv
+#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_IOS
+  if (*_NSGetArgv() == argv) {
+    *_NSGetArgc() = *argc;
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
 }
 void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
   ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
@@ -5352,6 +5926,10 @@ void InitGoogleTestImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
     g_argvs.push_back(StreamableToString(argv[i]));
   }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  absl::InitializeSymbolizer(g_argvs[0].c_str());
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+
   ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(argc, argv);
   GetUnitTestImpl()->PostFlagParsingInit();
 }
@@ -5385,4 +5963,45 @@ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
 }
 
+std::string TempDir() {
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEMPDIR_FUNCTION_)
+  return GTEST_CUSTOM_TEMPDIR_FUNCTION_();
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  return "\\temp\\";
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  const char* temp_dir = internal::posix::GetEnv("TEMP");
+  if (temp_dir == NULL || temp_dir[0] == '\0')
+    return "\\temp\\";
+  else if (temp_dir[strlen(temp_dir) - 1] == '\\')
+    return temp_dir;
+  else
+    return std::string(temp_dir) + "\\";
+#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+  return "/sdcard/";
+#else
+  return "/tmp/";
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+}
+
+// Class ScopedTrace
+
+// Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
+// trace stack maintained by Google Test.
+void ScopedTrace::PushTrace(const char* file, int line, std::string message) {
+  internal::TraceInfo trace;
+  trace.file = file;
+  trace.line = line;
+  trace.message.swap(message);
+
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->PushGTestTrace(trace);
+}
+
+// Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
+ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
+}
+
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/test/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc b/test/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc
index f3028225..2113f621 100644
--- a/test/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc
+++ b/test/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc
@@ -28,11 +28,10 @@
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 #include <stdio.h>
-
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 GTEST_API_ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-  printf("Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n");
+  printf("Running main() from %s\n", __FILE__);
   testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
diff --git a/test/unit/CMakeLists.txt b/test/unit/CMakeLists.txt
index 58638fa4..40a3dd06 100644
--- a/test/unit/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/unit/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,32 +2,26 @@
 
 option(USE_EXTERNAL_GTEST "Compile against external GTest" OFF)
 
-if (USE_EXTERNAL_GTEST)
+if(USE_EXTERNAL_GTEST)
 
 message(STATUS "Using external GTest")
 find_package(GTest 1.8.1 CONFIG REQUIRED)
 
-else (USE_EXTERNAL_GTEST)
+else()
 
 message(STATUS "Using internal GTest")
 
-# FIXME: Deal with our old-school CMakeLists.txt behaving badly
-set(_save_c_flags "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")
-set(_save_cxx_flags "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
-string(REGEX REPLACE "\\-W[a-z\\-]+" "" CMAKE_C_FLAGS ${CMAKE_C_FLAGS})
-string(REGEX REPLACE "\\-W[a-z\\-]+" "" CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS})
-
 #
 # Build Google Test
 #
 # Source https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/README.md
 # Download and unpack googletest at configure time
 configure_file(
-    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/test/googletest/CMakeLists.txt.in
-    ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download/CMakeLists.txt)
+  ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/test/googletest/CMakeLists.txt.in
+  ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download/CMakeLists.txt)
 execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" .
   RESULT_VARIABLE result
-  WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download )
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download)
 if(result)
   message(FATAL_ERROR "CMake step for googletest failed: ${result}")
 endif()
@@ -43,31 +37,31 @@ set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 # Add googletest directly to our build. This defines
 # the gtest and gtest_main targets.
 option(INSTALL_GTEST "Enable installation of googletest" OFF)
-add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-src
-                 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-build
-                 EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
-
-# FIXME: Deal with our old-school CMakeLists.txt behaving badly
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${_save_c_flags}")
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${_save_cxx_flags}")
-unset(_save_c_flags)
-unset(_save_cxx_flags)
+add_subdirectory(
+  ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-src
+  ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-build
+  EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
 
 # Provide the same target name as find_package(GTest)
 add_library(GTest::gtest ALIAS gtest)
 
-endif(USE_EXTERNAL_GTEST)
+endif()  # USE_EXTERNAL_GTEST
 
 #
 # Build PROJ unit tests
 #
 
 if("${CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC" AND BUILD_LIBPROJ_SHARED)
-add_definitions(-DPROJ_MSVC_DLL_IMPORT=1)
+  add_definitions(-DPROJ_MSVC_DLL_IMPORT=1)
 endif()
 
 include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
 include_directories(${SQLITE3_INCLUDE_DIR})
+# Add the directory containing proj_config.h
+include_directories(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/src)
+
+# Apply to targets in the current directory and below
+add_compile_options(${PROJ_CXX_WARN_FLAGS})
 
 add_executable(proj_pj_transform_test
   main.cpp
@@ -86,31 +80,31 @@ target_link_libraries(proj_errno_string_test
 add_test(NAME proj_errno_string_test COMMAND proj_errno_string_test)
 
 add_executable(proj_angular_io_test
-    main.cpp
-    proj_angular_io_test.cpp)
+  main.cpp
+  proj_angular_io_test.cpp)
 target_link_libraries(proj_angular_io_test
-    GTest::gtest
-    ${PROJ_LIBRARIES})
+  GTest::gtest
+  ${PROJ_LIBRARIES})
 add_test(NAME proj_angular_io_test COMMAND proj_angular_io_test)
 
 add_executable(proj_context_test
-    main.cpp
-    proj_context_test.cpp)
+  main.cpp
+  proj_context_test.cpp)
 target_link_libraries(proj_context_test
-    GTest::gtest
-    ${PROJ_LIBRARIES})
+  GTest::gtest
+  ${PROJ_LIBRARIES})
 add_test(NAME proj_context_test COMMAND proj_context_test)
 
-if (MSVC AND BUILD_LIBPROJ_SHARED)
-# ph_phi2_test not compatible of a .dll build
+if(MSVC AND BUILD_LIBPROJ_SHARED)
+  # ph_phi2_test not compatible of a .dll build
 else()
-add_executable(pj_phi2_test
-        main.cpp
-        pj_phi2_test.cpp)
-target_link_libraries(pj_phi2_test
-        GTest::gtest
-        ${PROJ_LIBRARIES})
-add_test(NAME pj_phi2_test COMMAND pj_phi2_test)
+  add_executable(pj_phi2_test
+    main.cpp
+    pj_phi2_test.cpp)
+  target_link_libraries(pj_phi2_test
+    GTest::gtest
+    ${PROJ_LIBRARIES})
+  add_test(NAME pj_phi2_test COMMAND pj_phi2_test)
 endif()
 
 add_executable(proj_test_cpp_api
diff --git a/test/unit/gie_self_tests.cpp b/test/unit/gie_self_tests.cpp
index ad637786..399f51e5 100644
--- a/test/unit/gie_self_tests.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/gie_self_tests.cpp
@@ -421,9 +421,11 @@ TEST(gie, info_functions) {
     /* check a few key characteristics of the Mercator projection */
     EXPECT_NEAR(factors.angular_distortion, 0.0, 1e-7)
         << factors.angular_distortion; /* angular distortion should be 0 */
+
+    /* Meridian/parallel angle should be 90 deg */
     EXPECT_NEAR(factors.meridian_parallel_angle, M_PI_2, 1e-7)
-        << factors.meridian_parallel_angle; /* Meridian/parallel angle should be
-                                               90 deg */
+        << factors.meridian_parallel_angle;
+
     EXPECT_EQ(factors.meridian_convergence,
               0.0); /* meridian convergence should be 0 */
 
@@ -701,13 +703,16 @@ TEST(gie, proj_create_crs_to_crs_PULKOVO42_ETRS89) {
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.x, 44.999701238, 1e-9);
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.y, 24.998474948, 1e-9);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::string(proj_pj_info(P).definition),
-              "proj=pipeline step proj=push v_3 step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
-              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad step proj=cart "
+              "proj=pipeline step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
+              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad "
+              "step proj=push v_3 "
+              "step proj=cart "
               "ellps=krass step proj=helmert x=2.3287 y=-147.0425 z=-92.0802 "
               "rx=0.3092483 ry=-0.32482185 rz=-0.49729934 s=5.68906266 "
-              "convention=coordinate_frame step inv proj=cart ellps=GRS80 step "
-              "proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap "
-              "order=2,1 step proj=pop v_3");
+              "convention=coordinate_frame step inv proj=cart ellps=GRS80 "
+              "step proj=pop v_3 "
+              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap "
+              "order=2,1");
 
     c = proj_trans(P, PJ_INV, c);
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.x, 45, 1e-8);
@@ -730,12 +735,38 @@ TEST(gie, proj_create_crs_to_crs_PULKOVO42_ETRS89) {
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.x, 51.999714150, 1e-9);
     EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.y, 19.998187811, 1e-9);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::string(proj_pj_info(P).definition),
-              "proj=pipeline step proj=push v_3 step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
-              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad step proj=cart "
+              "proj=pipeline step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
+              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad "
+              "step proj=push v_3 "
+              "step proj=cart "
               "ellps=krass step proj=helmert x=33.4 y=-146.6 z=-76.3 rx=-0.359 "
               "ry=-0.053 rz=0.844 s=-0.84 convention=position_vector step inv "
-              "proj=cart ellps=GRS80 step proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad "
-              "xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap order=2,1 step proj=pop v_3");
+              "proj=cart ellps=GRS80 step proj=pop v_3 "
+              "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad "
+              "xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap order=2,1");
+
+    proj_destroy(P);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(gie, proj_create_crs_to_crs_outside_area_of_use) {
+
+    // See https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/issues/1329
+    auto P = proj_create_crs_to_crs(PJ_DEFAULT_CTX, "EPSG:4275", "EPSG:4807",
+                                    nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(P != nullptr);
+    PJ_COORD c;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(P->fwd, nullptr);
+
+    // Test point outside area of use of both candidate coordinate operations
+    c.xyz.x = 58; // Lat in deg
+    c.xyz.y = 5;  // Long in deg
+    c.xyz.z = 0;
+    c = proj_trans(P, PJ_FWD, c);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.x, 64.44444444444444, 1e-9); // Lat in grad
+    EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.y, 2.958634259259258, 1e-9); // Long in grad
 
     proj_destroy(P);
 }
diff --git a/test/unit/proj_errno_string_test.cpp b/test/unit/proj_errno_string_test.cpp
index dcdff5c4..a592b31f 100644
--- a/test/unit/proj_errno_string_test.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/proj_errno_string_test.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 
 #include "proj.h"
+#include "proj_config.h"
 
 #include "gtest_include.h"
 
diff --git a/test/unit/test_c_api.cpp b/test/unit/test_c_api.cpp
index 6205a9b8..b9ea0bd5 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_c_api.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/test_c_api.cpp
@@ -838,14 +838,16 @@ TEST_F(CApi, proj_create_from_database) {
         ASSERT_NE(info.definition, nullptr);
         EXPECT_EQ(
             info.definition,
-            std::string("proj=pipeline step proj=push v_3 step proj=axisswap "
+            std::string("proj=pipeline step proj=axisswap "
                         "order=2,1 step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad "
+                        "step proj=push v_3 "
                         "step proj=cart ellps=bessel step proj=helmert "
                         "x=601.705 y=84.263 z=485.227 rx=-4.7354 ry=-1.3145 "
-                        "rz=-5.393 s=-2.3887 convention=coordinate_frame step "
-                        "inv proj=cart ellps=GRS80 step proj=unitconvert "
-                        "xy_in=rad xy_out=deg step proj=axisswap order=2,1 "
-                        "step proj=pop v_3"));
+                        "rz=-5.393 s=-2.3887 convention=coordinate_frame "
+                        "step inv proj=cart ellps=GRS80 "
+                        "step proj=pop v_3 "
+                        "step proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad xy_out=deg "
+                        "step proj=axisswap order=2,1"));
         EXPECT_EQ(info.accuracy, 1);
     }
 }
@@ -1300,13 +1302,13 @@ TEST_F(CApi, proj_coordoperation_get_grid_used) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(CApi, proj_coordoperation_is_instanciable) {
+TEST_F(CApi, proj_coordoperation_is_instantiable) {
     auto op = proj_create_from_database(m_ctxt, "EPSG", "1671",
                                         PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION, true,
                                         nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(op, nullptr);
     ObjectKeeper keeper(op);
-    EXPECT_EQ(proj_coordoperation_is_instanciable(m_ctxt, op), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proj_coordoperation_is_instantiable(m_ctxt, op), 1);
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1343,6 +1345,7 @@ TEST_F(CApi, proj_create_operations) {
     auto op = proj_list_get(m_ctxt, res, 0);
     ASSERT_NE(op, nullptr);
     ObjectKeeper keeper_op(op);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(proj_coordoperation_has_ballpark_transformation(m_ctxt, op));
 
     EXPECT_EQ(proj_get_name(op), std::string("NAD27 to NAD83 (3)"));
 }
@@ -1399,8 +1402,9 @@ TEST_F(CApi, proj_create_operations_with_pivot) {
         ASSERT_NE(op, nullptr);
         ObjectKeeper keeper_op(op);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(proj_get_name(op),
-                  std::string("Null geographic offset from WGS 84 to JGD2011"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            proj_get_name(op),
+            std::string("Ballpark geographic offset from WGS 84 to JGD2011"));
     }
 
     // Restrict pivot to Tokyo CRS
@@ -1421,7 +1425,7 @@ TEST_F(CApi, proj_create_operations_with_pivot) {
         ASSERT_NE(res, nullptr);
         ObjListKeeper keeper_res(res);
         EXPECT_EQ(proj_list_get_count(res), 7);
-        auto op = proj_list_get(m_ctxt, res, 1);
+        auto op = proj_list_get(m_ctxt, res, 0);
         ASSERT_NE(op, nullptr);
         ObjectKeeper keeper_op(op);
 
@@ -1451,7 +1455,7 @@ TEST_F(CApi, proj_create_operations_with_pivot) {
         ASSERT_NE(res, nullptr);
         ObjListKeeper keeper_res(res);
         // includes results from ESRI
-        EXPECT_EQ(proj_list_get_count(res), 5);
+        EXPECT_EQ(proj_list_get_count(res), 4);
         auto op = proj_list_get(m_ctxt, res, 0);
         ASSERT_NE(op, nullptr);
         ObjectKeeper keeper_op(op);
@@ -1646,6 +1650,38 @@ TEST_F(CApi, proj_identify) {
         ObjListKeeper keeper_res(res);
         EXPECT_EQ(res, nullptr);
     }
+    {
+        auto obj2 = proj_create(
+            m_ctxt, "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +type=crs");
+        ObjectKeeper keeper2(obj2);
+        ASSERT_NE(obj2, nullptr);
+        int *confidence = nullptr;
+        auto res = proj_identify(m_ctxt, obj2, nullptr, nullptr, &confidence);
+        ObjListKeeper keeper_res(res);
+        EXPECT_EQ(proj_list_get_count(res), 4);
+        proj_int_list_destroy(confidence);
+    }
+    {
+        auto obj2 = proj_create_from_database(m_ctxt, "IGNF", "ETRS89UTM28",
+                                              PJ_CATEGORY_CRS, false, nullptr);
+        ObjectKeeper keeper2(obj2);
+        ASSERT_NE(obj2, nullptr);
+        int *confidence = nullptr;
+        auto res = proj_identify(m_ctxt, obj2, "EPSG", nullptr, &confidence);
+        ObjListKeeper keeper_res(res);
+        EXPECT_EQ(proj_list_get_count(res), 1);
+        auto gotCRS = proj_list_get(m_ctxt, res, 0);
+        ASSERT_NE(gotCRS, nullptr);
+        ObjectKeeper keeper_gotCRS(gotCRS);
+        auto auth = proj_get_id_auth_name(gotCRS, 0);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(auth != nullptr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(auth, std::string("EPSG"));
+        auto code = proj_get_id_code(gotCRS, 0);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(code != nullptr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(code, std::string("25828"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(confidence[0], 70);
+        proj_int_list_destroy(confidence);
+    }
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3216,4 +3252,96 @@ TEST_F(CApi, proj_get_crs_info_list_from_database) {
         proj_crs_info_list_destroy(list);
     }
 }
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(CApi, proj_normalize_for_visualization) {
+
+    {
+        auto P = proj_create(m_ctxt, "+proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=WGS84");
+        ObjectKeeper keeper_P(P);
+        ASSERT_NE(P, nullptr);
+        auto Pnormalized = proj_normalize_for_visualization(m_ctxt, P);
+        ObjectKeeper keeper_Pnormalized(Pnormalized);
+        EXPECT_EQ(Pnormalized, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    auto P = proj_create_crs_to_crs(m_ctxt, "EPSG:4326", "EPSG:32631", nullptr);
+    ObjectKeeper keeper_P(P);
+    ASSERT_NE(P, nullptr);
+    auto Pnormalized = proj_normalize_for_visualization(m_ctxt, P);
+    ObjectKeeper keeper_Pnormalized(Pnormalized);
+    ASSERT_NE(Pnormalized, nullptr);
+    auto projstr = proj_as_proj_string(m_ctxt, Pnormalized, PJ_PROJ_5, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(projstr, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(projstr),
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+              "+step +proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=WGS84");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(CApi, proj_normalize_for_visualization_with_alternatives) {
+
+    auto P = proj_create_crs_to_crs(m_ctxt, "EPSG:4326", "EPSG:3003", nullptr);
+    ObjectKeeper keeper_P(P);
+    ASSERT_NE(P, nullptr);
+    auto Pnormalized = proj_normalize_for_visualization(m_ctxt, P);
+    ObjectKeeper keeper_Pnormalized(Pnormalized);
+    ASSERT_NE(Pnormalized, nullptr);
+
+    {
+        PJ_COORD c;
+        // Approximately Roma
+        c.lpz.lam = 12.5;
+        c.lpz.phi = 42;
+        c.lpz.z = 0;
+        c = proj_trans(Pnormalized, PJ_FWD, c);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.x, 1789912.46264783037, 1e-8);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(c.xy.y, 4655716.25402576849, 1e-8);
+        auto projstr = proj_pj_info(Pnormalized).definition;
+        ASSERT_NE(projstr, nullptr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::string(projstr),
+                  "proj=pipeline step proj=unitconvert xy_in=deg xy_out=rad "
+                  "step proj=push v_3 step proj=cart ellps=WGS84 "
+                  "step inv proj=helmert x=-104.1 y=-49.1 z=-9.9 rx=0.971 "
+                  "ry=-2.917 rz=0.714 s=-11.68 convention=position_vector "
+                  "step inv proj=cart ellps=intl step proj=pop v_3 "
+                  "step proj=tmerc lat_0=0 lon_0=9 k=0.9996 x_0=1500000 "
+                  "y_0=0 ellps=intl");
+    }
+
+    {
+        PJ_COORD c;
+        // Approximately Roma
+        c.xyz.x = 1789912.46264783037;
+        c.xyz.y = 4655716.25402576849;
+        c.xyz.z = 0;
+        c = proj_trans(Pnormalized, PJ_INV, c);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(c.lp.lam, 12.5, 1e-8);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(c.lp.phi, 42, 1e-8);
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(CApi, proj_normalize_for_visualization_with_alternatives_reverse) {
+
+    auto P = proj_create_crs_to_crs(m_ctxt, "EPSG:3003", "EPSG:4326", nullptr);
+    ObjectKeeper keeper_P(P);
+    ASSERT_NE(P, nullptr);
+    auto Pnormalized = proj_normalize_for_visualization(m_ctxt, P);
+    ObjectKeeper keeper_Pnormalized(Pnormalized);
+    ASSERT_NE(Pnormalized, nullptr);
+
+    PJ_COORD c;
+    // Approximately Roma
+    c.xyz.x = 1789912.46264783037;
+    c.xyz.y = 4655716.25402576849;
+    c.xyz.z = 0;
+    c = proj_trans(Pnormalized, PJ_FWD, c);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(c.lp.lam, 12.5, 1e-8);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(c.lp.phi, 42, 1e-8);
+}
+
 } // namespace
diff --git a/test/unit/test_crs.cpp b/test/unit/test_crs.cpp
index 4953529c..0f0304b1 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_crs.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/test_crs.cpp
@@ -148,32 +148,72 @@ TEST(crs, GeographicCRS_datum_ensemble) {
         std::vector<DatumNNPtr>{GeodeticReferenceFrame::EPSG_6326,
                                 GeodeticReferenceFrame::EPSG_6326},
         PositionalAccuracy::create("100"));
-    auto crs = GeographicCRS::create(
-        PropertyMap().set(IdentifiedObject::NAME_KEY, "unnamed"), nullptr,
-        ensemble_vdatum,
-        EllipsoidalCS::createLatitudeLongitude(UnitOfMeasure::DEGREE));
-    WKTFormatterNNPtr f(
-        WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018));
-    f->simulCurNodeHasId();
-    crs->exportToWKT(f.get());
-    auto expected = "GEOGCRS[\"unnamed\",\n"
-                    "    ENSEMBLE[\"unnamed\",\n"
-                    "        MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984\"],\n"
-                    "        MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984\"],\n"
-                    "        ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563,\n"
-                    "            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
-                    "        ENSEMBLEACCURACY[100]],\n"
-                    "    PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n"
-                    "        ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
-                    "    CS[ellipsoidal,2],\n"
-                    "        AXIS[\"latitude\",north,\n"
-                    "            ORDER[1],\n"
-                    "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
-                    "        AXIS[\"longitude\",east,\n"
-                    "            ORDER[2],\n"
-                    "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]]]";
+    {
+        auto crs = GeographicCRS::create(
+            PropertyMap()
+                .set(IdentifiedObject::NAME_KEY, "unnamed")
+                .set(Identifier::CODESPACE_KEY, "MY_CODESPACE")
+                .set(Identifier::CODE_KEY, "MY_ID"),
+            nullptr, ensemble_vdatum,
+            EllipsoidalCS::createLatitudeLongitude(UnitOfMeasure::DEGREE));
+        WKTFormatterNNPtr f(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018));
+        crs->exportToWKT(f.get());
+        auto expected =
+            "GEOGCRS[\"unnamed\",\n"
+            "    ENSEMBLE[\"unnamed\",\n"
+            "        MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984\"],\n"
+            "        MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984\"],\n"
+            "        ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563,\n"
+            "            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
+            "        ENSEMBLEACCURACY[100]],\n"
+            "    PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n"
+            "        ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+            "    CS[ellipsoidal,2],\n"
+            "        AXIS[\"latitude\",north,\n"
+            "            ORDER[1],\n"
+            "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+            "        AXIS[\"longitude\",east,\n"
+            "            ORDER[2],\n"
+            "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+            "    ID[\"MY_CODESPACE\",\"MY_ID\"]]";
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(f->toString(), expected);
+        EXPECT_EQ(f->toString(), expected);
+    }
+
+    {
+        auto crs = GeographicCRS::create(
+            PropertyMap().set(IdentifiedObject::NAME_KEY, "unnamed"), nullptr,
+            ensemble_vdatum,
+            EllipsoidalCS::createLatitudeLongitude(UnitOfMeasure::DEGREE));
+        WKTFormatterNNPtr f(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018));
+        crs->exportToWKT(f.get());
+        auto expected = "GEOGCRS[\"unnamed\",\n"
+                        "    ENSEMBLE[\"unnamed\",\n"
+                        "        MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984\",\n"
+                        "            ID[\"EPSG\",6326]],\n"
+                        "        MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984\",\n"
+                        "            ID[\"EPSG\",6326]],\n"
+                        "        ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563,\n"
+                        "            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n"
+                        "            ID[\"EPSG\",7030]],\n"
+                        "        ENSEMBLEACCURACY[100]],\n"
+                        "    PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n"
+                        "        ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n"
+                        "        ID[\"EPSG\",8901]],\n"
+                        "    CS[ellipsoidal,2],\n"
+                        "        AXIS[\"latitude\",north,\n"
+                        "            ORDER[1],\n"
+                        "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433,\n"
+                        "                ID[\"EPSG\",9122]]],\n"
+                        "        AXIS[\"longitude\",east,\n"
+                        "            ORDER[2],\n"
+                        "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433,\n"
+                        "                ID[\"EPSG\",9122]]]]";
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(f->toString(), expected);
+    }
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1458,6 +1498,19 @@ TEST(crs, geodeticcrs_identify_db) {
                 ->identify(factory);
         ASSERT_EQ(res.size(), 0U);
     }
+    {
+        // Test identification from PROJ string
+        auto obj = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
+            "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +type=crs");
+        auto crs = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<GeographicCRS>(obj);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(crs != nullptr);
+        auto res = crs->identify(factory);
+        ASSERT_EQ(res.size(), 1U);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(!res.front().first->identifiers().empty());
+        EXPECT_EQ(*res.front().first->identifiers()[0]->codeSpace(), "EPSG");
+        EXPECT_EQ(res.front().first->identifiers()[0]->code(), "4326");
+        EXPECT_EQ(res.front().second, 70);
+    }
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1561,6 +1614,52 @@ TEST(crs, projectedCRS_as_WKT2) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(crs, projectedCRS_as_WKT2_2018) {
+    auto crs = createProjected();
+
+    auto expected =
+        "PROJCRS[\"WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N\",\n"
+        "    BASEGEOGCRS[\"WGS 84\",\n"
+        "        DATUM[\"World Geodetic System 1984\",\n"
+        "            ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563,\n"
+        "                LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]],\n"
+        "        PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n"
+        "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+        "        ID[\"EPSG\",4326]],\n"
+        "    CONVERSION[\"UTM zone 31N\",\n"
+        "        METHOD[\"Transverse Mercator\",\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",9807]],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",0,\n"
+        "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",8801]],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",3,\n"
+        "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",8802]],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9996,\n"
+        "            SCALEUNIT[\"unity\",1],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",8805]],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"False easting\",500000,\n"
+        "            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",8806]],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"False northing\",0,\n"
+        "            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",8807]]],\n"
+        "    CS[Cartesian,2],\n"
+        "        AXIS[\"(E)\",east,\n"
+        "            ORDER[1],\n"
+        "            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
+        "        AXIS[\"(N)\",north,\n"
+        "            ORDER[2],\n"
+        "            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
+        "    ID[\"EPSG\",32631]]";
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        crs->exportToWKT(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018).get()),
+        expected);
+}
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(crs, projectedCRS_as_WKT2_simplified) {
     auto crs = createProjected();
 
@@ -1885,13 +1984,35 @@ TEST(crs, projectedCRS_identify_no_db) {
 TEST(crs, projectedCRS_identify_db) {
     auto dbContext = DatabaseContext::create();
     auto factoryEPSG = AuthorityFactory::create(dbContext, "EPSG");
+    auto factoryIGNF = AuthorityFactory::create(dbContext, "IGNF");
+    auto factoryAnonymous = AuthorityFactory::create(dbContext, std::string());
     {
         // Identify by existing code
-        auto res =
-            factoryEPSG->createProjectedCRS("2172")->identify(factoryEPSG);
-        ASSERT_EQ(res.size(), 1U);
-        EXPECT_EQ(res.front().first->getEPSGCode(), 2172);
-        EXPECT_EQ(res.front().second, 100);
+        auto crs = factoryEPSG->createProjectedCRS("2172");
+        {
+            auto res = crs->identify(factoryEPSG);
+            ASSERT_EQ(res.size(), 1U);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res.front().first->getEPSGCode(), 2172);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res.front().second, 100);
+        }
+        {
+            auto res = crs->identify(factoryAnonymous);
+            ASSERT_EQ(res.size(), 1U);
+        }
+        {
+            auto res = crs->identify(factoryIGNF);
+            ASSERT_EQ(res.size(), 0U);
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        // Identify by existing code
+        auto crs = factoryIGNF->createProjectedCRS("ETRS89UTM28");
+        {
+            auto res = crs->identify(factoryEPSG);
+            ASSERT_EQ(res.size(), 1U);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res.front().first->getEPSGCode(), 25828);
+            EXPECT_EQ(res.front().second, 70);
+        }
     }
     {
         // Non-existing code
@@ -4522,7 +4643,8 @@ TEST(crs, DerivedVerticalCRS_WKT2) {
 
     auto expected = "VERTCRS[\"Derived vertCRS\",\n"
                     "    BASEVERTCRS[\"ODN height\",\n"
-                    "        VDATUM[\"Ordnance Datum Newlyn\"]],\n"
+                    "        VDATUM[\"Ordnance Datum Newlyn\",\n"
+                    "            ID[\"EPSG\",5101]]],\n"
                     "    DERIVINGCONVERSION[\"unnamed\",\n"
                     "        METHOD[\"PROJ unimplemented\"]],\n"
                     "    CS[vertical,1],\n"
diff --git a/test/unit/test_datum.cpp b/test/unit/test_datum.cpp
index 23c14f67..fa53ff85 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_datum.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/test_datum.cpp
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ TEST(datum, prime_meridian_to_PROJString) {
 
     EXPECT_EQ(PrimeMeridian::GREENWICH->exportToPROJString(
                   PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "");
+              "+proj=noop");
 
     EXPECT_EQ(PrimeMeridian::PARIS->exportToPROJString(
                   PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ TEST(datum, prime_meridian_to_PROJString) {
             PropertyMap().set(IdentifiedObject::NAME_KEY, "Origin meridian"),
             Angle(0))
             ->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-        "");
+        "+proj=noop");
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(PrimeMeridian::GREENWICH->isEquivalentTo(
         PrimeMeridian::GREENWICH.get()));
diff --git a/test/unit/test_factory.cpp b/test/unit/test_factory.cpp
index 80de017f..91024d62 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_factory.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/test_factory.cpp
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createPrimeMeridian) {
     EXPECT_THROW(factory->createPrimeMeridian("-1"),
                  NoSuchAuthorityCodeException);
     EXPECT_TRUE(nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<PrimeMeridian>(
-                    factory->createObject("8903")) != nullptr);
+                    AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "ESRI")
+                        ->createObject("108900")) != nullptr);
     auto pm = factory->createPrimeMeridian("8903");
     ASSERT_EQ(pm->identifiers().size(), 1U);
     EXPECT_EQ(pm->identifiers()[0]->code(), "8903");
@@ -660,13 +661,13 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_helmert_3) {
                  NoSuchAuthorityCodeException);
     auto op = factory->createCoordinateOperation("1113", false);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+inv +proj=longlat +a=6378249.145 +rf=293.4663077 +step "
-              "+proj=cart +a=6378249.145 +rf=293.4663077 +step +proj=helmert "
-              "+x=-143 +y=-90 +z=-294 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step "
-              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +a=6378249.145 +rf=293.4663077 +step +proj=push "
+              "+v_3 +step +proj=cart +a=6378249.145 +rf=293.4663077 +step "
+              "+proj=helmert +x=-143 +y=-90 +z=-294 +step +inv +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -675,13 +676,13 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_helmert_7_CF) {
     auto factory = AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
     auto op = factory->createCoordinateOperation("7676", false);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=bessel +step +proj=helmert +x=577.88891 "
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=bessel +step +proj=helmert +x=577.88891 "
               "+y=165.22205 +z=391.18289 +rx=-4.9145 +ry=0.94729 +rz=13.05098 "
               "+s=7.78664 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart "
-              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg "
-              "+step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -717,6 +718,7 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_helmert_15_CF) {
     auto op = factory->createCoordinateOperation("6276", false);
     auto expected =
         "COORDINATEOPERATION[\"ITRF2008 to GDA94 (1)\",\n"
+        "    VERSION[\"GA-Aus 2010\"],\n"
         "    SOURCECRS[\n"
         "        GEODCRS[\"ITRF2008\",\n"
         "            DATUM[\"International Terrestrial Reference Frame "
@@ -734,7 +736,8 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_helmert_15_CF) {
         "                    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
         "                AXIS[\"(Z)\",geocentricZ,\n"
         "                    ORDER[3],\n"
-        "                    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]]],\n"
+        "                    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",5332]]],\n"
         "    TARGETCRS[\n"
         "        GEODCRS[\"GDA94\",\n"
         "            DATUM[\"Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994\",\n"
@@ -751,7 +754,8 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_helmert_15_CF) {
         "                    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
         "                AXIS[\"(Z)\",geocentricZ,\n"
         "                    ORDER[3],\n"
-        "                    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]]],\n"
+        "                    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",4938]]],\n"
         "    METHOD[\"Time-dependent Coordinate Frame rotation (geocen)\",\n"
         "        ID[\"EPSG\",1056]],\n"
         "    PARAMETER[\"X-axis translation\",-84.68,\n"
@@ -852,15 +856,15 @@ TEST(factory,
     EXPECT_TRUE(so->validateParameters().empty());
 
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=bessel +step +proj=molobadekas +x=593.032 "
-              "+y=26 +z=478.741 +rx=0.409394387439237 +ry=-0.359705195614311 "
-              "+rz=1.86849100035057 +s=4.0772 +px=3903453.148 +py=368135.313 "
-              "+pz=5012970.306 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=bessel +step +proj=molobadekas "
+              "+x=593.032 +y=26 +z=478.741 +rx=0.409394387439237 "
+              "+ry=-0.359705195614311 +rz=1.86849100035057 +s=4.0772 "
+              "+px=3903453.148 +py=368135.313 +pz=5012970.306 "
+              "+convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 "
+              "+step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
+              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -872,6 +876,7 @@ TEST(
     auto op = factory->createCoordinateOperation("1295", false);
     auto expected =
         "COORDINATEOPERATION[\"RGNC91-93 to NEA74 Noumea (4)\",\n"
+        "    VERSION[\"ESRI-Ncl 0.05m\"],\n"
         "    SOURCECRS[\n"
         "        GEOGCRS[\"RGNC91-93\",\n"
         "            DATUM[\"Reseau Geodesique de Nouvelle Caledonie 91-93\",\n"
@@ -885,7 +890,8 @@ TEST(
         "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
         "                AXIS[\"geodetic longitude (Lon)\",east,\n"
         "                    ORDER[2],\n"
-        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]]]],\n"
+        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",4749]]],\n"
         "    TARGETCRS[\n"
         "        GEOGCRS[\"NEA74 Noumea\",\n"
         "            DATUM[\"NEA74 Noumea\",\n"
@@ -899,7 +905,8 @@ TEST(
         "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
         "                AXIS[\"geodetic longitude (Lon)\",east,\n"
         "                    ORDER[2],\n"
-        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]]]],\n"
+        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",4644]]],\n"
         "    METHOD[\"NTv2\",\n"
         "        ID[\"EPSG\",9615]],\n"
         "    PARAMETERFILE[\"Latitude and longitude difference "
@@ -939,6 +946,7 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_other_transformation) {
     auto op = factory->createCoordinateOperation("1884", false);
     auto expected =
         "COORDINATEOPERATION[\"S-JTSK (Ferro) to S-JTSK (1)\",\n"
+        "    VERSION[\"EPSG-Cze\"],\n"
         "    SOURCECRS[\n"
         "        GEOGCRS[\"S-JTSK (Ferro)\",\n"
         "            DATUM[\"System of the Unified Trigonometrical Cadastral "
@@ -953,7 +961,8 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_other_transformation) {
         "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
         "                AXIS[\"geodetic longitude (Lon)\",east,\n"
         "                    ORDER[2],\n"
-        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]]]],\n"
+        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",4818]]],\n"
         "    TARGETCRS[\n"
         "        GEOGCRS[\"S-JTSK\",\n"
         "            DATUM[\"System of the Unified Trigonometrical Cadastral "
@@ -968,7 +977,8 @@ TEST(factory, AuthorityFactory_createCoordinateOperation_other_transformation) {
         "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
         "                AXIS[\"geodetic longitude (Lon)\",east,\n"
         "                    ORDER[2],\n"
-        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]]]],\n"
+        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",4156]]],\n"
         "    METHOD[\"Longitude rotation\",\n"
         "        ID[\"EPSG\",9601]],\n"
         "    PARAMETER[\"Longitude offset\",-17.6666666666667,\n"
@@ -1465,7 +1475,7 @@ class FactoryWithTmpDatabase : public ::testing::Test {
             "'EPSG','4326','EPSG','1262',44.0,-143."
             "0,-90.0,-294.0,'EPSG','9001',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
             "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
-            "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+            "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
             << last_error();
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(execute(
@@ -1474,7 +1484,8 @@ class FactoryWithTmpDatabase : public ::testing::Test {
             "'EPSG','9615'"
             ",'NTv2','EPSG','4326','EPSG','4326','EPSG','1262',1.0,'EPSG','"
             "8656','Latitude and longitude difference "
-            "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+            "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
+            "0);"))
             << last_error();
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(execute(
@@ -1491,7 +1502,7 @@ class FactoryWithTmpDatabase : public ::testing::Test {
             "offset',-17.4,'EPSG','9110',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
             "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
             "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
-            "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+            "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
             << last_error();
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(execute(
@@ -1499,7 +1510,7 @@ class FactoryWithTmpDatabase : public ::testing::Test {
             "VALUES('EPSG','DUMMY_CONCATENATED','name',NULL,NULL,"
             "'EPSG','4326','EPSG'"
             ",'4326','EPSG','1262',NULL,'EPSG','DUMMY_OTHER_TRANSFORMATION'"
-            ",'EPSG','DUMMY_OTHER_TRANSFORMATION',NULL,NULL,0);"))
+            ",'EPSG','DUMMY_OTHER_TRANSFORMATION',NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
             << last_error();
     }
 
@@ -1507,12 +1518,20 @@ class FactoryWithTmpDatabase : public ::testing::Test {
         const auto vals = std::vector<std::string>{"SOURCE", "TARGET", "PIVOT"};
         for (const auto &val : vals) {
 
+            ASSERT_TRUE(
+                execute("INSERT INTO geodetic_datum "
+                        "VALUES('FOO','" +
+                        val + "','" + val +
+                        "','',NULL,"
+                        "'EPSG','7030','EPSG','8901','EPSG','1262',0);"))
+                << last_error();
             ASSERT_TRUE(execute("INSERT INTO geodetic_crs "
                                 "VALUES('NS_" +
                                 val + "','" + val + "','" + val +
                                 "',NULL,NULL,'geographic 2D','EPSG','6422',"
-                                "'EPSG','6326',"
-                                "'EPSG','1262',NULL,0);"))
+                                "'FOO','" +
+                                val + "',"
+                                      "'EPSG','1262',NULL,0);"))
                 << last_error();
         }
     }
@@ -1530,7 +1549,7 @@ class FactoryWithTmpDatabase : public ::testing::Test {
             "','EPSG'"
             ",'1262',1.0,0,0,0,'EPSG','9001',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
             "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
-            "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+            "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
             << last_error();
     }
 
@@ -1838,7 +1857,7 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase,
         "'EPSG','9615'"
         ",'NTv2','EPSG','4326','OTHER','OTHER_4326','EPSG','1262',1.0,'EPSG','"
         "8656','Latitude and longitude difference "
-        "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+        "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
     {
         auto res = factoryGeneral->createFromCoordinateReferenceSystemCodes(
@@ -1870,7 +1889,7 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase,
         "'EPSG','9615'"
         ",'NTv2','EPSG','4326','EPSG','4326','EPSG','1262',10.0,'EPSG','"
         "8656','Latitude and longitude difference "
-        "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+        "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(
@@ -1879,7 +1898,8 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase,
                 "TRANSFORMATION_1M_SMALL_EXTENT',NULL,NULL,'EPSG','9615'"
                 ",'NTv2','EPSG','4326','EPSG','4326','EPSG','2060',1.0,'EPSG','"
                 "8656','Latitude and longitude difference "
-                "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+                "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
+                "NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(execute(
@@ -1888,7 +1908,7 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase,
         "'EPSG','9615'"
         ",'NTv2','EPSG','4326','EPSG','4326','EPSG','1262',1.0,'EPSG','"
         "8656','Latitude and longitude difference "
-        "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+        "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(
@@ -1897,7 +1917,8 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase,
                 "TRANSFORMATION_0.5M_DEPRECATED',NULL,NULL,'EPSG','9615'"
                 ",'NTv2','EPSG','4326','EPSG','4326','EPSG','1262',1.0,'EPSG','"
                 "8656','Latitude and longitude difference "
-                "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,1);"))
+                "file','nzgd2kgrid0005.gsb',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
+                "NULL,1);"))
         << last_error();
 
     auto factoryOTHER =
@@ -2000,7 +2021,7 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase, AuthorityFactory_proj_based_transformation) {
         "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
         "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
         "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
-        "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+        "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
 
     auto factoryOTHER =
@@ -2061,7 +2082,7 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase, AuthorityFactory_wkt_based_transformation) {
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
-                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
 
     auto factoryOTHER =
@@ -2071,12 +2092,12 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase, AuthorityFactory_wkt_based_transformation) {
     ASSERT_EQ(res.size(), 1U);
     EXPECT_EQ(res[0]->nameStr(), "My WKT string based op");
     EXPECT_EQ(res[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert "
-              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
-              "+proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
+              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2096,7 +2117,7 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase,
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
-                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
 
     auto factoryOTHER =
@@ -2123,7 +2144,7 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase,
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
-                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
 
     auto factoryOTHER =
@@ -2613,7 +2634,7 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase,
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
-                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(
@@ -2625,7 +2646,7 @@ TEST_F(FactoryWithTmpDatabase,
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
                 "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"
-                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
+                "NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);"))
         << last_error();
 
     auto dbContext = DatabaseContext::create(m_ctxt);
@@ -2792,7 +2813,7 @@ TEST(factory, getMetadata) {
     EXPECT_EQ(ctxt->getMetadata("i_do_not_exist"), nullptr);
     const char *IGNF_VERSION = ctxt->getMetadata("IGNF.VERSION");
     ASSERT_TRUE(IGNF_VERSION != nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(IGNF_VERSION), "3.0.2");
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(IGNF_VERSION), "3.0.3");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/unit/test_io.cpp b/test/unit/test_io.cpp
index 3d015e0c..294e765d 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_io.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/test_io.cpp
@@ -1640,6 +1640,77 @@ TEST(wkt_parse, wkt2_projected) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(wkt_parse, wkt2_2018_projected_with_id_in_basegeodcrs) {
+    auto wkt = "PROJCRS[\"WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N\",\n"
+               "    BASEGEOGCRS[\"WGS 84\",\n"
+               "        DATUM[\"World Geodetic System 1984\",\n"
+               "            ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563]],\n"
+               "        ID[\"EPSG\",4326]],\n"
+               "    CONVERSION[\"UTM zone 31N\",\n"
+               "        METHOD[\"Transverse Mercator\"],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",0],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",3],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9996],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"False easting\",500000],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"False northing\",0]],\n"
+               "    CS[Cartesian,2],\n"
+               "        AXIS[\"(E)\",east],\n"
+               "        AXIS[\"(N)\",north],\n"
+               "        UNIT[\"metre\",1],\n"
+               "    ID[\"EPSG\",32631]]";
+    auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt);
+    auto crs = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<ProjectedCRS>(obj);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(crs != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(crs->baseCRS()->identifiers().size(), 1U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(crs->baseCRS()->identifiers().front()->code(), "4326");
+
+    {
+        auto got_wkt = crs->exportToWKT(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018).get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(got_wkt.find("ID[\"EPSG\",4326]]") != std::string::npos)
+            << got_wkt;
+    }
+
+    {
+        auto got_wkt = crs->exportToWKT(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018_SIMPLIFIED)
+                .get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(got_wkt.find("ID[\"EPSG\",4326]]") == std::string::npos)
+            << got_wkt;
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(wkt_parse, wkt2_2018_projected_no_id_but_id_in_basegeodcrs) {
+    auto wkt = "PROJCRS[\"WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N\",\n"
+               "    BASEGEOGCRS[\"WGS 84\",\n"
+               "        DATUM[\"World Geodetic System 1984\",\n"
+               "            ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563]],\n"
+               "        ID[\"EPSG\",4326]],\n"
+               "    CONVERSION[\"UTM zone 31N\",\n"
+               "        METHOD[\"Transverse Mercator\"],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",0],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",3],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9996],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"False easting\",500000],\n"
+               "        PARAMETER[\"False northing\",0]],\n"
+               "    CS[Cartesian,2],\n"
+               "        AXIS[\"(E)\",east],\n"
+               "        AXIS[\"(N)\",north],\n"
+               "        UNIT[\"metre\",1]]";
+    auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt);
+    auto crs = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<ProjectedCRS>(obj);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(crs != nullptr);
+
+    auto got_wkt = crs->exportToWKT(
+        WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018).get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(got_wkt.find("ID[\"EPSG\",4326]]") != std::string::npos)
+        << got_wkt;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(wkt_parse, wkt2_2018_simplified_projected) {
     auto wkt = "PROJCRS[\"WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N\",\n"
                "    BASEGEOGCRS[\"WGS 84\",\n"
@@ -2280,6 +2351,95 @@ TEST(wkt_parse, COORDINATEOPERATION) {
               GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979->nameStr());
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->method()->nameStr(), "operationMethodName");
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->parameterValues().size(), 1U);
+
+    {
+        auto outWkt = transf->exportToWKT(WKTFormatter::create().get());
+        EXPECT_EQ(replaceAll(replaceAll(outWkt, "\n", ""), " ", ""),
+                  replaceAll(replaceAll(wkt, "\n", ""), " ", ""));
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(wkt_parse, COORDINATEOPERATION_wkt2018) {
+
+    std::string src_wkt;
+    {
+        auto formatter =
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018);
+        formatter->setOutputId(false);
+        src_wkt = GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326->exportToWKT(formatter.get());
+    }
+
+    std::string dst_wkt;
+    {
+        auto formatter =
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018);
+        formatter->setOutputId(false);
+        dst_wkt = GeographicCRS::EPSG_4807->exportToWKT(formatter.get());
+    }
+
+    std::string interpolation_wkt;
+    {
+        auto formatter =
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018);
+        formatter->setOutputId(false);
+        interpolation_wkt =
+            GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979->exportToWKT(formatter.get());
+    }
+
+    auto wkt =
+        "COORDINATEOPERATION[\"transformationName\",\n"
+        "    VERSION[\"my version\"],\n"
+        "    SOURCECRS[" +
+        src_wkt + "],\n"
+                  "    TARGETCRS[" +
+        dst_wkt +
+        "],\n"
+        "    METHOD[\"operationMethodName\",\n"
+        "        ID[\"codeSpaceOperationMethod\",\"codeOperationMethod\"]],\n"
+        "    PARAMETERFILE[\"paramName\",\"foo.bin\"],\n"
+        "    INTERPOLATIONCRS[" +
+        interpolation_wkt +
+        "],\n"
+        "    OPERATIONACCURACY[0.1],\n"
+        "    ID[\"codeSpaceTransformation\",\"codeTransformation\"],\n"
+        "    REMARK[\"my remarks\"]]";
+
+    auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt);
+    auto transf = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<Transformation>(obj);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(transf != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transf->nameStr(), "transformationName");
+    EXPECT_EQ(*transf->operationVersion(), "my version");
+    ASSERT_EQ(transf->identifiers().size(), 1U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transf->identifiers()[0]->code(), "codeTransformation");
+    EXPECT_EQ(*(transf->identifiers()[0]->codeSpace()),
+              "codeSpaceTransformation");
+    ASSERT_EQ(transf->coordinateOperationAccuracies().size(), 1U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transf->coordinateOperationAccuracies()[0]->value(), "0.1");
+    EXPECT_EQ(transf->sourceCRS()->nameStr(),
+              GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326->nameStr());
+    EXPECT_EQ(transf->targetCRS()->nameStr(),
+              GeographicCRS::EPSG_4807->nameStr());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(transf->interpolationCRS() != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transf->interpolationCRS()->nameStr(),
+              GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979->nameStr());
+    EXPECT_EQ(transf->method()->nameStr(), "operationMethodName");
+    EXPECT_EQ(transf->parameterValues().size(), 1U);
+
+    {
+        auto outWkt = transf->exportToWKT(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018).get());
+        EXPECT_EQ(replaceAll(replaceAll(outWkt, "\n", ""), " ", ""),
+                  replaceAll(replaceAll(wkt, "\n", ""), " ", ""));
+    }
+
+    {
+        auto outWkt = transf->exportToWKT(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2015).get());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(outWkt.find("VERSION[\"my version\"],") !=
+                     std::string::npos);
+    }
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2339,6 +2499,7 @@ TEST(wkt_parse, CONCATENATEDOPERATION) {
     auto concat = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<ConcatenatedOperation>(obj);
     ASSERT_TRUE(concat != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(concat->nameStr(), "name");
+    EXPECT_FALSE(concat->operationVersion().has_value());
     ASSERT_EQ(concat->identifiers().size(), 1U);
     EXPECT_EQ(concat->identifiers()[0]->code(), "code");
     EXPECT_EQ(*(concat->identifiers()[0]->codeSpace()), "codeSpace");
@@ -2487,6 +2648,7 @@ TEST(wkt_parse,
     auto wkt =
         "CONCATENATEDOPERATION[\"Inverse of UTM zone 11N + NAD27 to WGS 84 "
         "(79) + UTM zone 11N\",\n"
+        "    VERSION[\"my version\"],\n"
         "    SOURCECRS[\n"
         "        PROJCRS[\"NAD27 / UTM zone 11N\",\n"
         "            BASEGEOGCRS[\"NAD27\",\n"
@@ -2639,6 +2801,7 @@ TEST(wkt_parse,
     auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt);
     auto concat = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<ConcatenatedOperation>(obj);
     ASSERT_TRUE(concat != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(*concat->operationVersion(), "my version");
 
     EXPECT_EQ(concat->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=11 +ellps=clrk66 "
@@ -5017,6 +5180,43 @@ TEST(wkt_parse, wkt1_esri_ups_south) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(wkt_parse, wkt1_esri_gauss_kruger) {
+    auto wkt = "PROJCS[\"ETRS_1989_UWPP_2000_PAS_8\",GEOGCS[\"GCS_ETRS_1989\","
+               "DATUM[\"D_ETRS_1989\","
+               "SPHEROID[\"GRS_1980\",6378137.0,298.257222101]],"
+               "PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0.0],"
+               "UNIT[\"Degree\",0.0174532925199433]],"
+               "PROJECTION[\"Gauss_Kruger\"],"
+               "PARAMETER[\"False_Easting\",8500000.0],"
+               "PARAMETER[\"False_Northing\",0.0],"
+               "PARAMETER[\"Central_Meridian\",24.0],"
+               "PARAMETER[\"Scale_Factor\",0.999923],"
+               "PARAMETER[\"Latitude_Of_Origin\",0.0],"
+               "UNIT[\"Meter\",1.0]]";
+
+    auto dbContext = DatabaseContext::create();
+    auto obj = WKTParser().attachDatabaseContext(dbContext).createFromWKT(wkt);
+    auto crs = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<ProjectedCRS>(obj);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(crs != nullptr);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        crs->exportToWKT(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT1_ESRI, dbContext)
+                .get()),
+        wkt);
+
+    auto crs2 = AuthorityFactory::create(dbContext, "ESRI")
+                    ->createProjectedCRS("102177");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        crs2->exportToWKT(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT1_ESRI, dbContext)
+                .get()),
+        wkt);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(wkt_parse, invalid) {
     EXPECT_THROW(WKTParser().createFromWKT(""), ParsingException);
     EXPECT_THROW(WKTParser().createFromWKT("A"), ParsingException);
@@ -6378,7 +6578,7 @@ TEST(io, projstringformatter_helmert_3_param_noop) {
     fmt->addParam("x", 0);
     fmt->addParam("y", 0);
     fmt->addParam("z", 0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(fmt->toString(), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(fmt->toString(), "+proj=noop");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -6394,7 +6594,7 @@ TEST(io, projstringformatter_helmert_7_param_noop) {
     fmt->addParam("rz", 0);
     fmt->addParam("s", 0);
     fmt->addParam("convention", "position_vector");
-    EXPECT_EQ(fmt->toString(), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(fmt->toString(), "+proj=noop");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -6424,7 +6624,7 @@ TEST(io, projstringformatter_merge_consecutive_helmert_3_param_noop) {
     fmt->addParam("x", -10);
     fmt->addParam("y", -20);
     fmt->addParam("z", -30);
-    EXPECT_EQ(fmt->toString(), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(fmt->toString(), "+proj=noop");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -6436,7 +6636,7 @@ TEST(io, projstringformatter_cart_grs80_wgs84) {
     fmt->addStep("cart");
     fmt->setCurrentStepInverted(true);
     fmt->addParam("ellps", "GRS80");
-    EXPECT_EQ(fmt->toString(), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(fmt->toString(), "+proj=noop");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -7171,7 +7371,8 @@ TEST(io, projparse_longlat_axis_neu) {
     auto op = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
         GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326, NN_NO_CHECK(crs));
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=noop");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -7274,7 +7475,7 @@ TEST(io, projparse_longlat_axisswap) {
                 EXPECT_EQ(
                     op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
                     (atoi(order1) == 2 && atoi(order2) == 1)
-                        ? ""
+                        ? "+proj=noop"
                         : "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 "
                           "+step +proj=axisswap +order=" +
                               std::string(order1) + "," + order2);
@@ -8611,6 +8812,39 @@ TEST(io, createFromUserInput) {
     EXPECT_THROW(
         createFromUserInput("urn:ogc:def:unhandled:EPSG::4326", dbContext),
         ParsingException);
+    EXPECT_THROW(createFromUserInput("urn:ogc:def:crs:non_existing_auth::4326",
+                                     dbContext),
+                 NoSuchAuthorityCodeException);
+    EXPECT_THROW(createFromUserInput(
+                     "urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::2393,unhandled_type:EPSG::5717",
+                     dbContext),
+                 ParsingException);
+    EXPECT_THROW(createFromUserInput(
+                     "urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::2393,crs:EPSG::unexisting_code",
+                     dbContext),
+                 NoSuchAuthorityCodeException);
+    EXPECT_THROW(
+        createFromUserInput(
+            "urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::2393::extra_element,crs:EPSG::EPSG",
+            dbContext),
+        ParsingException);
+    EXPECT_THROW(createFromUserInput("urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation,"
+                                     "coordinateOperation:EPSG::3895,"
+                                     "unhandled_type:EPSG::1618",
+                                     dbContext),
+                 ParsingException);
+    EXPECT_THROW(
+        createFromUserInput("urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation,"
+                            "coordinateOperation:EPSG::3895,"
+                            "coordinateOperation:EPSG::unexisting_code",
+                            dbContext),
+        NoSuchAuthorityCodeException);
+    EXPECT_THROW(
+        createFromUserInput("urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation,"
+                            "coordinateOperation:EPSG::3895::extra_element,"
+                            "coordinateOperation:EPSG::1618",
+                            dbContext),
+        ParsingException);
 
     EXPECT_NO_THROW(createFromUserInput("+proj=longlat", nullptr));
     EXPECT_NO_THROW(createFromUserInput("EPSG:4326", dbContext));
@@ -8625,6 +8859,31 @@ TEST(io, createFromUserInput) {
         createFromUserInput("urn:ogc:def:meridian:EPSG::8901", dbContext));
     EXPECT_NO_THROW(
         createFromUserInput("urn:ogc:def:ellipsoid:EPSG::7030", dbContext));
+    {
+        auto obj = createFromUserInput("EPSG:2393+5717", dbContext);
+        auto crs = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CompoundCRS>(obj);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(crs != nullptr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(crs->nameStr(),
+                  "KKJ / Finland Uniform Coordinate System + N60 height");
+    }
+    {
+        auto obj = createFromUserInput(
+            "urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::2393,crs:EPSG::5717", dbContext);
+        auto crs = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CompoundCRS>(obj);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(crs != nullptr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(crs->nameStr(),
+                  "KKJ / Finland Uniform Coordinate System + N60 height");
+    }
+    {
+        auto obj = createFromUserInput("urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation,"
+                                       "coordinateOperation:EPSG::3895,"
+                                       "coordinateOperation:EPSG::1618",
+                                       dbContext);
+        auto concat = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<ConcatenatedOperation>(obj);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(concat != nullptr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(concat->nameStr(),
+                  "MGI (Ferro) to MGI (1) + MGI to WGS 84 (3)");
+    }
     EXPECT_NO_THROW(createFromUserInput(
         "GEOGCRS[\"WGS 84\",\n"
         "    DATUM[\"World Geodetic System 1984\",\n"
diff --git a/test/unit/test_operation.cpp b/test/unit/test_operation.cpp
index 90deb661..5ac1609d 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_operation.cpp
+++ b/test/unit/test_operation.cpp
@@ -218,6 +218,11 @@ TEST(operation, SingleOperation) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(sop1->isEquivalentTo(sop1.get()));
     EXPECT_FALSE(sop1->isEquivalentTo(createUnrelatedObject().get()));
 
+    EXPECT_TRUE(
+        sop1->isEquivalentTo(sop1->CoordinateOperation::shallowClone().get()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(sop1->inverse()->isEquivalentTo(
+        sop1->inverse()->CoordinateOperation::shallowClone().get()));
+
     auto sop2 = Transformation::create(
         PropertyMap(), nn_static_pointer_cast<CRS>(GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326),
         nn_static_pointer_cast<CRS>(GeographicCRS::EPSG_4807),
@@ -442,7 +447,6 @@ TEST(operation, concatenated_operation) {
     {
         auto formatter =
             WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018);
-        formatter->setOutputId(false);
         src_wkt = GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326->exportToWKT(formatter.get());
     }
 
@@ -450,7 +454,6 @@ TEST(operation, concatenated_operation) {
     {
         auto formatter =
             WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018);
-        formatter->setOutputId(false);
         dst_wkt = GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979->exportToWKT(formatter.get());
     }
 
@@ -458,7 +461,6 @@ TEST(operation, concatenated_operation) {
     {
         auto formatter =
             WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018);
-        formatter->setOutputId(false);
         step1_wkt = transf_1->exportToWKT(formatter.get());
     }
 
@@ -466,7 +468,6 @@ TEST(operation, concatenated_operation) {
     {
         auto formatter =
             WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018);
-        formatter->setOutputId(false);
         step2_wkt = transf_2->exportToWKT(formatter.get());
     }
 
@@ -514,6 +515,8 @@ TEST(operation, concatenated_operation) {
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(concat->isEquivalentTo(concat.get()));
     EXPECT_FALSE(concat->isEquivalentTo(createUnrelatedObject().get()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(concat->isEquivalentTo(
+        concat->CoordinateOperation::shallowClone().get()));
     EXPECT_FALSE(
         ConcatenatedOperation::create(PropertyMap(),
                                       std::vector<CoordinateOperationNNPtr>{
@@ -565,12 +568,12 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createGeocentricTranslations) {
     EXPECT_EQ(inv_transf_as_transf->getTOWGS84Parameters(), expected_inv);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert "
-              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
-              "+proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
+              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -640,7 +643,7 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createGeocentricTranslations_null) {
 
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->inverse()->exportToPROJString(
                   PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "");
+              "+proj=noop");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -673,13 +676,13 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createPositionVector) {
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->getTOWGS84Parameters(), expected);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 
     auto inv_transf = transf->inverse();
     ASSERT_EQ(inv_transf->coordinateOperationAccuracies().size(), 1U);
@@ -696,12 +699,12 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createPositionVector) {
 #else
     EXPECT_EQ(
         inv_transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-        "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 "
-        "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=cart "
-        "+ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 "
-        "+rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart "
-        "+ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
-        "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+        "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+        "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 +step "
+        "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 "
+        "+ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart "
+        "+ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
+        "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 
     // In WKT, use approximate formula
     auto wkt = inv_transf->exportToWKT(WKTFormatter::create().get());
@@ -742,13 +745,13 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createCoordinateFrameRotation) {
     EXPECT_EQ(params, expected);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=-4 +ry=-5 +rz=-6 +s=7 +convention=coordinate_frame +step "
-              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=-4 +ry=-5 +rz=-6 +s=7 +convention=coordinate_frame "
+              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 
     auto inv_transf = transf->inverse();
     ASSERT_EQ(inv_transf->coordinateOperationAccuracies().size(), 0U);
@@ -765,12 +768,12 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_createCoordinateFrameRotation) {
 #else
     EXPECT_EQ(
         inv_transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-        "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 "
-        "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=cart "
-        "+ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=-4 +ry=-5 "
-        "+rz=-6 +s=7 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv +proj=cart "
-        "+ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
-        "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+        "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+        "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 +step "
+        "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
+        "+rx=-4 +ry=-5 +rz=-6 +s=7 +convention=coordinate_frame +step +inv "
+        "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+        "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 
     // In WKT, use approximate formula
     auto wkt = inv_transf->exportToWKT(WKTFormatter::create().get());
@@ -960,7 +963,7 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_successive_helmert_noop) {
         std::vector<PositionalAccuracyNNPtr>{});
 
     EXPECT_EQ(concat->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "");
+              "+proj=noop");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -4054,6 +4057,11 @@ TEST(operation, conversion_inverse) {
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(inv->isEquivalentTo(inv.get()));
     EXPECT_FALSE(inv->isEquivalentTo(createUnrelatedObject().get()));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(
+        conv->isEquivalentTo(conv->CoordinateOperation::shallowClone().get()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(
+        inv->isEquivalentTo(inv->CoordinateOperation::shallowClone().get()));
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -4135,7 +4143,7 @@ TEST(operation, PROJ_based_empty) {
         SingleOperation::createPROJBased(PropertyMap(), "", nullptr, nullptr);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(conv->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "");
+              "+proj=noop");
 
     EXPECT_EQ(conv->exportToWKT(WKTFormatter::create().get()),
               "CONVERSION[\"PROJ-based coordinate operation\",\n"
@@ -4148,7 +4156,7 @@ TEST(operation, PROJ_based_empty) {
 
     EXPECT_EQ(conv->inverse()->exportToPROJString(
                   PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "");
+              "+proj=noop");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -4199,17 +4207,18 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_context_default) {
         EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->getEPSGCode(), 15994); // Romania - 3m
         EXPECT_EQ(list[1]->getEPSGCode(), 1644);  // Poland - 1m
         EXPECT_EQ(list[2]->nameStr(),
-                  "Null geographic offset from Pulkovo 1942(58) to ETRS89");
+                  "Ballpark geographic offset from Pulkovo 1942(58) to ETRS89");
 
         EXPECT_EQ(
             list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-            "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-            "+proj=cart +ellps=krass +step +proj=helmert +x=2.3287 "
+            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+            "+step +proj=cart +ellps=krass +step +proj=helmert +x=2.3287 "
             "+y=-147.0425 +z=-92.0802 +rx=0.3092483 +ry=-0.32482185 "
             "+rz=-0.49729934 +s=5.68906266 +convention=coordinate_frame +step "
-            "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-            "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+            "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+            "+order=2,1");
     }
 
     // Reverse case
@@ -4224,13 +4233,14 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_context_default) {
 
         EXPECT_EQ(
             list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-            "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-            "+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=2.3287 "
+            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+            "+step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=2.3287 "
             "+y=-147.0425 +z=-92.0802 +rx=0.3092483 +ry=-0.32482185 "
             "+rz=-0.49729934 +s=5.68906266 +convention=coordinate_frame +step "
-            "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=krass +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-            "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+            "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=krass +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+            "+order=2,1");
     }
 }
 
@@ -4330,7 +4340,7 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_context_filter_bbox) {
         ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 1U);
         EXPECT_EQ(
             list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-            "");
+            "+proj=noop");
     }
 }
 
@@ -4346,7 +4356,7 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_context_incompatible_area) {
         ctxt);
     ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 1U);
     EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "");
+              "+proj=noop");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -4362,26 +4372,20 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_context_inverse_needed) {
             authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4275"), // NTF
             authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4258"), // ETRS89
             ctxt);
-        ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 3U);
+        ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 2U);
         EXPECT_EQ(
             list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-            "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-            "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=-168 +y=-60 "
-            "+z=320 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=unitconvert "
-            "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
-            "+proj=pop +v_3");
+            "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+            "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+            "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=-168 "
+            "+y=-60 +z=320 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop "
+            "+v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
+            "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
         EXPECT_EQ(list[1]->exportToPROJString(
                       PROJStringFormatter::create(
                           PROJStringFormatter::Convention::PROJ_5,
                           authFactory->databaseContext())
                           .get()),
-                  "");
-        EXPECT_EQ(list[2]->exportToPROJString(
-                      PROJStringFormatter::create(
-                          PROJStringFormatter::Convention::PROJ_5,
-                          authFactory->databaseContext())
-                          .get()),
                   "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
                   "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
                   "+proj=hgridshift +grids=ntf_r93.gsb +step +proj=unitconvert "
@@ -4512,7 +4516,8 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_noop) {
         GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->nameStr(), "Null geographic offset from WGS 84 to WGS 84");
-    EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=noop");
     EXPECT_EQ(op->inverse()->nameStr(), op->nameStr());
 }
 
@@ -4659,7 +4664,7 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_CH1903_to_CH1903plus_context) {
     EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->nameStr(),
               "CH1903 to ETRS89 (1) + Inverse of CH1903+ to ETRS89 (1)");
     EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "");
+              "+proj=noop");
 
     EXPECT_EQ(list[1]->nameStr(), "CH1903 to CH1903+ (1)");
     EXPECT_EQ(list[1]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
@@ -4754,6 +4759,52 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geogCRS_3D) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, geogCRS_without_id_to_geogCRS_3D_context) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    auto src =
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4289"); // Amersfoort
+    auto dst =
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4937"); // ETRS89 3D
+    auto list =
+        CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(src, dst, ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), 1U);
+    auto wkt2 = "GEOGCRS[\"unnamed\",\n"
+                "    DATUM[\"Amersfoort\",\n"
+                "        ELLIPSOID[\"Bessel 1841\",6377397.155,299.1528128,\n"
+                "            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]],\n"
+                "    PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n"
+                "        ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+                "    CS[ellipsoidal,2],\n"
+                "        AXIS[\"geodetic latitude (Lat)\",north,\n"
+                "            ORDER[1],\n"
+                "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+                "        AXIS[\"geodetic longitude (Lon)\",east,\n"
+                "            ORDER[2],\n"
+                "            ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],"
+                "    USAGE[\n"
+                "        SCOPE[\"unknown\"],\n"
+                "        AREA[\"Netherlands - onshore\"],\n"
+                "        BBOX[50.75,3.2,53.7,7.22]]]\n";
+
+    auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt2);
+    auto src_from_wkt2 = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(obj);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(src_from_wkt2 != nullptr);
+    auto list2 = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        NN_NO_CHECK(src_from_wkt2), dst, ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), list2.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+        const auto &op = list[i];
+        const auto &op2 = list2[i];
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            op->isEquivalentTo(op2.get(), IComparable::Criterion::EQUIVALENT))
+            << op->nameStr() << " " << op2->nameStr();
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(operation, geocentricCRS_to_geogCRS_same_datum) {
 
     auto op = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
@@ -4772,9 +4823,10 @@ TEST(operation, geocentricCRS_to_geogCRS_different_datum) {
     auto op = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
         createGeocentricDatumWGS84(), GeographicCRS::EPSG_4269);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(op->nameStr(), "Null geocentric translation from WGS 84 to NAD83 "
-                             "(geocentric) + Conversion from NAD83 "
-                             "(geocentric) to NAD83");
+    EXPECT_EQ(op->nameStr(),
+              "Ballpark geocentric translation from WGS 84 to NAD83 "
+              "(geocentric) + Conversion from NAD83 "
+              "(geocentric) to NAD83");
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step "
               "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
@@ -4789,7 +4841,7 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_geocentricCRS_different_datum) {
         GeographicCRS::EPSG_4269, createGeocentricDatumWGS84());
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->nameStr(), "Conversion from NAD83 to NAD83 (geocentric) + "
-                             "Null geocentric translation from NAD83 "
+                             "Ballpark geocentric translation from NAD83 "
                              "(geocentric) to WGS 84");
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
@@ -4805,8 +4857,9 @@ TEST(operation, geocentricCRS_to_geocentricCRS_noop) {
         createGeocentricDatumWGS84(), createGeocentricDatumWGS84());
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->nameStr(),
-              "Null geocentric translation from WGS 84 to WGS 84");
-    EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()), "");
+              "Ballpark geocentric translation from WGS 84 to WGS 84");
+    EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=noop");
     EXPECT_EQ(op->inverse()->nameStr(), op->nameStr());
 }
 
@@ -4902,6 +4955,24 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_geocentricCRS_same_datum_to_context) {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 TEST(operation,
+     geog2D_to_geog3D_same_datum_but_with_potential_other_pivot_context) {
+    // Check that when going from geog2D to geog3D of same datum, we don't
+    // try to go through a WGS84 pivot...
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("5365"), // CR 05 2D
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("5364"), // CR 05 3D
+        ctxt);
+    ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 1U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=noop");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(operation,
      geogCRS_to_geogCRS_different_datum_though_geocentric_transform_context) {
     auto authFactory =
         AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
@@ -5179,6 +5250,50 @@ TEST(operation, projCRS_to_geogCRS) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, projCRS_no_id_to_geogCRS_context) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    auto src = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem(
+        "28992"); // Amersfoort / RD New
+    auto dst =
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4258"); // ETRS89 2D
+    auto list =
+        CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(src, dst, ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), 1U);
+    auto wkt2 =
+        "PROJCRS[\"unknown\",\n"
+        "    BASEGEOGCRS[\"Amersfoort\",\n"
+        "       DATUM[\"Amersfoort\",\n"
+        "            ELLIPSOID[\"Bessel 1841\",6377397.155,299.1528128]]],\n"
+        "    CONVERSION[\"unknown\",\n"
+        "        METHOD[\"Oblique Stereographic\"],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",52.1561605555556],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",5.38763888888889],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9999079],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"False easting\",155000],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"False northing\",463000]],\n"
+        "    CS[Cartesian,2],\n"
+        "        AXIS[\"(E)\",east],\n"
+        "        AXIS[\"(N)\",north],\n"
+        "    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],\n"
+        "    ID[\"EPSG\",28992]]";
+    auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt2);
+    auto src_from_wkt2 = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(obj);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(src_from_wkt2 != nullptr);
+    auto list2 = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        NN_NO_CHECK(src_from_wkt2), dst, ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), list2.size() - 1);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+        const auto &op = list[i];
+        const auto &op2 = list2[i];
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            op->isEquivalentTo(op2.get(), IComparable::Criterion::EQUIVALENT));
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(operation, projCRS_to_projCRS) {
 
     auto op = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
@@ -5281,6 +5396,39 @@ TEST(operation, projCRS_to_projCRS_context_incompatible_areas) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, projCRS_to_projCRS_context_incompatible_areas_ballpark) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("26711"), // UTM 11 NAD27
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem(
+            "3034"), // ETRS89 / LCC Europe
+        ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), 1U);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(list[0]->hasBallparkTransformation());
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(
+    operation,
+    projCRS_to_projCRS_context_incompatible_areas_crs_extent_use_intersection) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    ctxt->setSourceAndTargetCRSExtentUse(
+        CoordinateOperationContext::SourceTargetCRSExtentUse::INTERSECTION);
+    auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("26711"), // UTM 11 NAD27
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem(
+            "3034"), // ETRS89 / LCC Europe
+        ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), 0U);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(operation, projCRS_to_projCRS_north_pole_inverted_axis) {
 
     auto authFactory =
@@ -5317,6 +5465,37 @@ TEST(operation, projCRS_to_projCRS_south_pole_inverted_axis) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, projCRS_to_projCRS_through_geog3D) {
+    // Check that when going from projCRS to projCRS, using
+    // geog2D-->geog3D-->geog3D-->geog2D we do not have issues with
+    // inconsistent CRS chaining, due to how we 'hack' a bit some intermediate
+    // steps
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("5367"), // CR05 / CRTM05
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem(
+            "8908"), // CR-SIRGAS / CRTM05
+        ctxt);
+    ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 1U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 "
+              "+step +inv +proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-84 +k=0.9999 "
+              "+x_0=500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=WGS84 "
+              "+step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 "
+              "+step +proj=helmert +x=-0.16959 +y=0.35312 +z=0.51846 "
+              "+rx=-0.03385 +ry=0.16325 +rz=-0.03446 +s=0.03693 "
+              "+convention=position_vector "
+              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 "
+              "+step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-84 +k=0.9999 +x_0=500000 "
+              "+y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_geogCRS_to_geogCRS) {
     auto boundCRS = BoundCRS::createFromTOWGS84(
         GeographicCRS::EPSG_4807, std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
@@ -5324,14 +5503,14 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_geogCRS_to_geogCRS) {
         boundCRS, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad "
-              "+step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5345,13 +5524,13 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_geogCRS_to_geogCRS_with_area) {
         boundCRS, authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4326"));
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk66 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk66 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5387,8 +5566,8 @@ TEST(operation, createOperation_boundCRS_identified_by_datum) {
         NN_CHECK_ASSERT(src), NN_CHECK_ASSERT(dest));
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
-              "+xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step "
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+              "+step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step "
               "+proj=helmert +x=263 +y=-6 +z=-431 +step +inv +proj=cart "
               "+ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=utm +zone=32 "
               "+ellps=clrk80ign");
@@ -5461,13 +5640,11 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_projCRS_to_geogCRS) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=push +v_3 +step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert "
-              "+x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 "
-              "+convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 "
-              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
-              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 "
+              "+rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5483,13 +5660,45 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_geogCRS_to_projCRS) {
         CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(boundCRS, utm31);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad "
-              "+step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=utm "
-              "+zone=31 +ellps=WGS84");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=WGS84");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(operation, boundCRS_of_geogCRS_to_unrelated_geogCRS_context) {
+    auto src = BoundCRS::createFromTOWGS84(
+        GeographicCRS::EPSG_4807, std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    // ETRS89
+    auto dst = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4258");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    auto list =
+        CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(src, dst, ctxt);
+    ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 1U);
+    // Check with it is a concatenated operation, since it doesn't particularly
+    // show up in the PROJ string
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dynamic_cast<ConcatenatedOperation *>(list[0].get()) !=
+                nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->nameStr(), "Transformation from NTF (Paris) to WGS84 + "
+                                  "Inverse of ETRS89 to WGS 84 (1)");
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=pipeline "
+              "+step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad "
+              "+step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris "
+              "+step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign "
+              "+step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 "
+              "+convention=position_vector "
+              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg "
+              "+step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5501,14 +5710,14 @@ TEST(operation, geogCRS_to_boundCRS_of_geogCRS) {
         GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326, boundCRS);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=longlat "
-              "+ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=grad +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=1 "
+              "+y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector "
+              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=grad +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5531,14 +5740,12 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_to_boundCRS) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=push +v_3 +step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert "
-              "+x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 "
-              "+convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=8 +y=9 "
-              "+z=10 +rx=11 +ry=12 +rz=13 +s=14 +convention=position_vector "
-              "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
-              "+proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80");
+              "+pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 "
+              "+rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=helmert "
+              "+x=8 +y=9 +z=10 +rx=11 +ry=12 +rz=13 +s=14 "
+              "+convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 "
+              "+step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5552,12 +5759,12 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_to_boundCRS_noop_for_TOWGS84) {
                                                                     boundCRS2);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad "
-              "+step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 "
-              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
-              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +inv +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=GRS80 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5696,6 +5903,35 @@ TEST(operation, boundCRS_with_basecrs_with_extent_to_geogCRS) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, ETRS89_3D_to_proj_string_with_geoidgrids_nadgrids) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    // ETRS89 3D
+    auto src = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4937");
+    auto objDst = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
+        "+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.15616055555555 +lon_0=5.38763888888889 "
+        "+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel "
+        "+nadgrids=rdtrans2008.gsb +geoidgrids=naptrans2008.gtx +units=m "
+        "+type=crs");
+    auto dst = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(objDst);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dst != nullptr);
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        src, NN_NO_CHECK(dst), ctxt);
+    ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 1U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+              "+step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 "
+              "+step +inv +proj=vgridshift +grids=naptrans2008.gtx "
+              "+multiplier=1 "
+              "+step +inv +proj=hgridshift +grids=rdtrans2008.gsb "
+              "+step +proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 "
+              "+lon_0=5.38763888888889 +k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 "
+              "+y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 static VerticalCRSNNPtr createVerticalCRS() {
     PropertyMap propertiesVDatum;
     propertiesVDatum.set(Identifier::CODESPACE_KEY, "EPSG")
@@ -5734,8 +5970,8 @@ static BoundCRSNNPtr createBoundVerticalCRS() {
     auto vertCRS = createVerticalCRS();
     auto transformation =
         Transformation::createGravityRelatedHeightToGeographic3D(
-            PropertyMap(), vertCRS, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979, "egm08_25.gtx",
-            std::vector<PositionalAccuracyNNPtr>());
+            PropertyMap(), vertCRS, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979, nullptr,
+            "egm08_25.gtx", std::vector<PositionalAccuracyNNPtr>());
     return BoundCRS::create(vertCRS, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979, transformation);
 }
 
@@ -5769,6 +6005,59 @@ TEST(operation, transformation_height_to_PROJ_string) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, transformation_Geographic3D_to_GravityRelatedHeight_gtx) {
+    auto wkt =
+        "COORDINATEOPERATION[\"ETRS89 to NAP height (1)\",\n"
+        "    VERSION[\"RDNAP-Nld 2008\"],\n"
+        "    SOURCECRS[\n"
+        "        GEOGCRS[\"ETRS89\",\n"
+        "            DATUM[\"European Terrestrial Reference System 1989\",\n"
+        "                ELLIPSOID[\"GRS 1980\",6378137,298.257222101,\n"
+        "                    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]],\n"
+        "            PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n"
+        "                ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+        "            CS[ellipsoidal,3],\n"
+        "                AXIS[\"geodetic latitude (Lat)\",north,\n"
+        "                    ORDER[1],\n"
+        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+        "                AXIS[\"geodetic longitude (Lon)\",east,\n"
+        "                    ORDER[2],\n"
+        "                    ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n"
+        "                AXIS[\"ellipsoidal height (h)\",up,\n"
+        "                    ORDER[3],\n"
+        "                    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",4937]]],\n"
+        "    TARGETCRS[\n"
+        "        VERTCRS[\"NAP height\",\n"
+        "            VDATUM[\"Normaal Amsterdams Peil\"],\n"
+        "            CS[vertical,1],\n"
+        "                AXIS[\"gravity-related height (H)\",up,\n"
+        "                    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
+        "            ID[\"EPSG\",5709]]],\n"
+        "    METHOD[\"Geographic3D to GravityRelatedHeight (US .gtx)\",\n"
+        "        ID[\"EPSG\",9665]],\n"
+        "    PARAMETERFILE[\"Geoid (height correction) model "
+        "file\",\"naptrans2008.gtx\"],\n"
+        "    OPERATIONACCURACY[0.01],\n"
+        "    USAGE[\n"
+        "        SCOPE[\"unknown\"],\n"
+        "        AREA[\"Netherlands - onshore\"],\n"
+        "        BBOX[50.75,3.2,53.7,7.22]],\n"
+        "    ID[\"EPSG\",7001]]";
+    ;
+    auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt);
+    auto transf = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<Transformation>(obj);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(transf != nullptr);
+
+    // Check that we correctly inverse files in the case of
+    // "Geographic3D to GravityRelatedHeight (US .gtx)"
+    EXPECT_EQ(transf->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=vgridshift "
+              "+grids=naptrans2008.gtx +multiplier=1");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(operation, transformation_ntv2_to_PROJ_string) {
     auto transformation = Transformation::createNTv2(
         PropertyMap(), GeographicCRS::EPSG_4807, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326,
@@ -5955,13 +6244,13 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_with_boundGeogCRS_to_geogCRS) {
         compound, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979);
     ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
-              "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=pop "
-              "+v_3");
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5979,12 +6268,12 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_with_boundGeogCRS_and_boundVerticalCRS_to_geogCRS) {
     // Not completely sure the order of horizontal and vertical operations
     // makes sense
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
-              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad "
-              "+step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 "
-              "+rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv "
-              "+proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=grad +xy_out=rad +step +inv "
+              "+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 "
+              "+z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step "
+              "+inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step "
               "+proj=vgridshift +grids=egm08_25.gtx +multiplier=1 +step "
               "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
               "+order=2,1");
@@ -6018,14 +6307,12 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_with_boundProjCRS_and_boundVerticalCRS_to_geogCRS) {
     // makes sense
     EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step "
-              "+proj=push +v_3 +step +inv +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk80ign "
-              "+pm=paris +step +proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert "
-              "+x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 "
-              "+convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 "
-              "+step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=vgridshift +grids=egm08_25.gtx "
-              "+multiplier=1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg "
-              "+step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
+              "+pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 "
+              "+rz=6 +s=7 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart "
+              "+ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=vgridshift "
+              "+grids=egm08_25.gtx +multiplier=1 +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 
     auto opInverse = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
         GeographicCRS::EPSG_4979, compound);
@@ -6035,6 +6322,51 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_with_boundProjCRS_and_boundVerticalCRS_to_geogCRS) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, geocent_to_compoundCRS) {
+    auto objSrc = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
+        "+proj=geocent +datum=WGS84 +units=m +type=crs");
+    auto src = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(objSrc);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(src != nullptr);
+    auto objDst = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
+        "+proj=longlat +ellps=GRS67 +nadgrids=@foo.gsb +geoidgrids=@foo.gtx "
+        "+type=crs");
+    auto dst = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(objDst);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dst != nullptr);
+    auto op = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
+        NN_CHECK_ASSERT(src), NN_CHECK_ASSERT(dst));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv "
+              "+proj=vgridshift +grids=@foo.gtx +multiplier=1 +step +inv "
+              "+proj=hgridshift +grids=@foo.gsb +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(operation, geocent_to_compoundCRS_context) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    // WGS84 geocentric
+    auto src = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4978");
+    auto objDst = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
+        "+proj=longlat +ellps=GRS67 +nadgrids=@foo.gsb +geoidgrids=@foo.gtx "
+        "+type=crs");
+    auto dst = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(objDst);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dst != nullptr);
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        src, NN_CHECK_ASSERT(dst), ctxt);
+    ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 1U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv "
+              "+proj=vgridshift +grids=@foo.gtx +multiplier=1 +step +inv "
+              "+proj=hgridshift +grids=@foo.gsb +step +proj=unitconvert "
+              "+xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(operation, compoundCRS_to_compoundCRS) {
     auto compound1 = CompoundCRS::create(
         PropertyMap(),
@@ -6125,6 +6457,100 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_to_compoundCRS_with_vertical_transform) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, compoundCRS_to_compoundCRS_with_bound_crs_in_horiz_and_vert) {
+    auto objSrc = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
+        "+proj=longlat +ellps=GRS67 +nadgrids=@foo.gsb +geoidgrids=@foo.gtx "
+        "+type=crs");
+    auto src = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(objSrc);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(src != nullptr);
+    auto objDst = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
+        "+proj=longlat +ellps=GRS80 +nadgrids=@bar.gsb +geoidgrids=@bar.gtx "
+        "+type=crs");
+    auto dst = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(objDst);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dst != nullptr);
+    auto op = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
+        NN_CHECK_ASSERT(src), NN_CHECK_ASSERT(dst));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+              "+step +proj=hgridshift +grids=@foo.gsb "
+              "+step +proj=vgridshift +grids=@foo.gtx +multiplier=1 "
+              "+step +inv +proj=vgridshift +grids=@bar.gtx +multiplier=1 "
+              "+step +inv +proj=hgridshift +grids=@bar.gsb "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(operation, compoundCRS_to_compoundCRS_context) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    ctxt->setSpatialCriterion(
+        CoordinateOperationContext::SpatialCriterion::PARTIAL_INTERSECTION);
+    auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        // NAD27 + NGVD29 height (ftUS)
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("7406"),
+        // NAD83(NSRS2007) + NAVD88 height
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("5500"), ctxt);
+    // 152 or 155 depending if the VERTCON grids are there
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), 152U);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(list[0]->hasBallparkTransformation());
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->nameStr(), "NGVD29 height (ftUS) to NAVD88 height (3) + "
+                                  "NAD27 to WGS 84 (79) + Inverse of "
+                                  "NAD83(NSRS2007) to WGS 84 (1)");
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +z_in=us-ft +xy_out=rad +z_out=m "
+              "+step +proj=vgridshift +grids=vertcone.gtx +multiplier=0.001 "
+              "+step +proj=hgridshift +grids=conus +step "
+              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
+              "+order=2,1");
+    {
+        // Test that we can round-trip this through WKT and still get the same
+        // PROJ string.
+        auto wkt = list[0]->exportToWKT(
+            WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018).get());
+        auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt);
+        auto co = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CoordinateOperation>(obj);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(co != nullptr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+            co->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()));
+    }
+
+    bool foundApprox = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+        auto projString =
+            list[i]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            projString.find("+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 "
+                            "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +z_in=us-ft "
+                            "+xy_out=rad +z_out=m") == 0)
+            << list[i]->nameStr();
+        if (list[i]->nameStr().find("Transformation from NGVD29 height (ftUS) "
+                                    "to NAVD88 height (ballpark vertical "
+                                    "transformation)") == 0) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(list[i]->hasBallparkTransformation());
+            EXPECT_EQ(list[i]->nameStr(),
+                      "Transformation from NGVD29 height (ftUS) to NAVD88 "
+                      "height (ballpark vertical transformation) + NAD27 to "
+                      "WGS 84 (79) + Inverse of NAD83(NSRS2007) to WGS 84 (1)");
+            EXPECT_EQ(projString,
+                      "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+                      "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +z_in=us-ft +xy_out=rad "
+                      "+z_out=m +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=conus "
+                      "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
+                      "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
+            foundApprox = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(foundApprox);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(operation, vertCRS_to_vertCRS) {
 
     auto vertcrs_m_obj = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString("+vunits=m");
@@ -6174,6 +6600,25 @@ TEST(operation, vertCRS_to_vertCRS) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, vertCRS_to_vertCRS_context) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    ctxt->setSpatialCriterion(
+        CoordinateOperationContext::SpatialCriterion::PARTIAL_INTERSECTION);
+    auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        // NGVD29 height (m)
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("7968"),
+        // NAVD88 height (1)
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("5703"), ctxt);
+    ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 3U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->nameStr(), "NGVD29 height (m) to NAVD88 height (3)");
+    EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=vgridshift +grids=vertcone.gtx +multiplier=0.001");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(operation, compoundCRS_to_geogCRS_3D) {
 
     auto compoundcrs_ft_obj = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
@@ -6190,6 +6635,7 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_to_geogCRS_3D) {
         auto op = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
             NN_CHECK_ASSERT(compoundcrs_ft), NN_CHECK_ASSERT(geogcrs_m));
         ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(op->hasBallparkTransformation());
         EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
                   "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=merc +lon_0=0 +k=1 +x_0=0 "
                   "+y_0=0 +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
@@ -6200,6 +6646,7 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_to_geogCRS_3D) {
         auto op = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
             NN_CHECK_ASSERT(geogcrs_m), NN_CHECK_ASSERT(compoundcrs_ft));
         ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(op->hasBallparkTransformation());
         EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
                   "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +z_in=m "
                   "+xy_out=rad +z_out=ft +step +proj=merc +lon_0=0 +k=1 +x_0=0 "
@@ -6209,6 +6656,195 @@ TEST(operation, compoundCRS_to_geogCRS_3D) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+TEST(operation, compoundCRS_to_geogCRS_3D_context) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    // CompoundCRS to Geog3DCRS, with vertical unit change, but without
+    // ellipsoid height <--> vertical height correction
+    {
+        auto ctxt =
+            CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+        auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+            authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem(
+                "7406"), // NAD27 + NGVD29 height (ftUS)
+            authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4979"), // WGS 84
+            ctxt);
+        ASSERT_GE(list.size(), 1U);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(list[0]->hasBallparkTransformation());
+        EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->nameStr(),
+                  "NAD27 to WGS 84 (79) + Transformation from NGVD29 height "
+                  "(ftUS) to WGS 84 (ballpark vertical transformation, without "
+                  "ellipsoid height to vertical height correction)");
+        EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(
+                      PROJStringFormatter::create(
+                          PROJStringFormatter::Convention::PROJ_5,
+                          authFactory->databaseContext())
+                          .get()),
+                  "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step "
+                  "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step "
+                  "+proj=hgridshift +grids=conus +step +proj=unitconvert "
+                  "+xy_in=rad +z_in=us-ft +xy_out=deg +z_out=m +step "
+                  "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
+    }
+
+    // CompoundCRS to Geog3DCRS, with same vertical unit, but without
+    // ellipsoid height <--> vertical height correction
+    {
+        auto ctxt =
+            CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+        auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+            authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem(
+                "5500"), // NAD83(NSRS2007) + NAVD88 height
+            authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4979"), // WGS 84
+            ctxt);
+        ASSERT_GE(list.size(), 1U);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(list[0]->hasBallparkTransformation());
+        EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->nameStr(),
+                  "NAD83(NSRS2007) to WGS 84 (1) + Transformation from NAVD88 "
+                  "height to WGS 84 (ballpark vertical transformation, without "
+                  "ellipsoid height to vertical height correction)");
+        EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(
+                      PROJStringFormatter::create(
+                          PROJStringFormatter::Convention::PROJ_5,
+                          authFactory->databaseContext())
+                          .get()),
+                  "+proj=noop");
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(operation, compoundCRS_from_WKT2_to_geogCRS_3D_context) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    auto src = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem(
+        "7415"); // Amersfoort / RD New + NAP height
+    auto dst =
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4937"); // ETRS89 3D
+    auto list =
+        CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(src, dst, ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), 1U);
+    auto wkt2 = src->exportToWKT(
+        WKTFormatter::create(WKTFormatter::Convention::WKT2_2018).get());
+    auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt2);
+    auto src_from_wkt2 = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(obj);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(src_from_wkt2 != nullptr);
+    auto list2 = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        NN_NO_CHECK(src_from_wkt2), dst, ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), list2.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+        const auto &op = list[i];
+        const auto &op2 = list2[i];
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+            op->isEquivalentTo(op2.get(), IComparable::Criterion::EQUIVALENT));
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(operation, compoundCRS_from_WKT2_no_id_to_geogCRS_3D_context) {
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+    auto ctxt = CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+    ctxt->setSpatialCriterion(
+        CoordinateOperationContext::SpatialCriterion::PARTIAL_INTERSECTION);
+    auto src = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem(
+        "7415"); // Amersfoort / RD New + NAP height
+    auto dst =
+        authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4937"); // ETRS89 3D
+    auto list =
+        CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(src, dst, ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), 1U);
+
+    {
+        // Important here is vgridshift before hgridshift
+        auto op_proj =
+            list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get());
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            op_proj,
+            "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 "
+            "+lon_0=5.38763888888889 +k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 "
+            "+ellps=bessel "
+            "+step +proj=vgridshift +grids=naptrans2008.gtx +multiplier=1 "
+            "+step +proj=hgridshift +grids=rdtrans2008.gsb "
+            "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +z_in=m +xy_out=deg +z_out=m "
+            "+step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
+    }
+
+    auto wkt2 =
+        "COMPOUNDCRS[\"unknown\",\n"
+        "  PROJCRS[\"unknown\",\n"
+        "    BASEGEOGCRS[\"Amersfoort\",\n"
+        "            DATUM[\"Amersfoort\",\n"
+        "                ELLIPSOID[\"Bessel "
+        "1841\",6377397.155,299.1528128]]],\n"
+        "    CONVERSION[\"unknown\",\n"
+        "        METHOD[\"Oblique Stereographic\"],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",52.1561605555556],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",5.38763888888889],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9999079],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"False easting\",155000],\n"
+        "        PARAMETER[\"False northing\",463000]],\n"
+        "    CS[Cartesian,2],\n"
+        "        AXIS[\"(E)\",east],\n"
+        "        AXIS[\"(N)\",north],\n"
+        "    LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],\n"
+        "  VERTCRS[\"NAP height\",\n"
+        "    VDATUM[\"Normaal Amsterdams Peil\"],\n"
+        "    CS[vertical,1],\n"
+        "        AXIS[\"gravity-related height (H)\",up,\n"
+        "            LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]]]";
+    auto obj = WKTParser().createFromWKT(wkt2);
+    auto src_from_wkt2 = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(obj);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(src_from_wkt2 != nullptr);
+    auto list2 = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+        NN_NO_CHECK(src_from_wkt2), dst, ctxt);
+    ASSERT_GE(list.size(), list2.size() - 1);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+        const auto &op = list[i];
+        const auto &op2 = list2[i];
+        auto op_proj =
+            op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get());
+        auto op2_proj =
+            op2->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get());
+        EXPECT_EQ(op_proj, op2_proj) << "op=" << op->nameStr()
+                                     << " op2=" << op2->nameStr();
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(operation, boundCRS_to_compoundCRS) {
+    auto objSrc = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
+        "+proj=longlat +ellps=GRS67 +nadgrids=@foo.gsb +type=crs");
+    auto src = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(objSrc);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(src != nullptr);
+    auto objDst = PROJStringParser().createFromPROJString(
+        "+proj=longlat +ellps=GRS80 +nadgrids=@bar.gsb +geoidgrids=@bar.gtx "
+        "+type=crs");
+    auto dst = nn_dynamic_pointer_cast<CRS>(objDst);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dst != nullptr);
+
+    auto op = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
+        NN_CHECK_ASSERT(src), NN_CHECK_ASSERT(dst));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(op->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+              "+proj=pipeline "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+              "+step +proj=hgridshift +grids=@foo.gsb "
+              "+step +inv +proj=vgridshift +grids=@bar.gtx +multiplier=1 "
+              "+step +inv +proj=hgridshift +grids=@bar.gsb "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg");
+
+    auto opInverse = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(
+        NN_CHECK_ASSERT(dst), NN_CHECK_ASSERT(src));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(opInverse != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(opInverse->inverse()->_isEquivalentTo(op.get()));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 TEST(operation, IGNF_LAMB1_TO_EPSG_4326) {
     auto authFactory =
         AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), std::string());
@@ -6223,6 +6859,7 @@ TEST(operation, IGNF_LAMB1_TO_EPSG_4326) {
         ctxt);
     ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 2U);
 
+    EXPECT_FALSE(list[0]->hasBallparkTransformation());
     EXPECT_EQ(list[0]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=lcc +lat_1=49.5 +lat_0=49.5 "
               "+lon_0=0 +k_0=0.99987734 +x_0=600000 +y_0=200000 "
@@ -6230,14 +6867,15 @@ TEST(operation, IGNF_LAMB1_TO_EPSG_4326) {
               "+grids=ntf_r93.gsb +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad "
               "+xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 
+    EXPECT_FALSE(list[1]->hasBallparkTransformation());
     EXPECT_EQ(list[1]->exportToPROJString(PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
               "+proj=pipeline +step +inv +proj=lcc +lat_1=49.5 +lat_0=49.5 "
               "+lon_0=0 +k_0=0.99987734 +x_0=600000 +y_0=200000 "
               "+ellps=clrk80ign +pm=paris +step +proj=push +v_3 +step "
               "+proj=cart +ellps=clrk80ign +step +proj=helmert +x=-168 +y=-60 "
-              "+z=320 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step "
-              "+proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap "
-              "+order=2,1 +step +proj=pop +v_3");
+              "+z=320 +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+              "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step "
+              "+proj=axisswap +order=2,1");
 
     auto list2 = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
         AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG")
@@ -6264,14 +6902,14 @@ TEST(operation, IGNF_LAMB1_TO_EPSG_4326) {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST(operation, isPROJInstanciable) {
+TEST(operation, isPROJInstantiable) {
 
     {
         auto transformation = Transformation::createGeocentricTranslations(
             PropertyMap(), GeographicCRS::EPSG_4269, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326,
             1.0, 2.0, 3.0, {});
         EXPECT_TRUE(
-            transformation->isPROJInstanciable(DatabaseContext::create()));
+            transformation->isPROJInstantiable(DatabaseContext::create()));
     }
 
     // Missing grid
@@ -6280,7 +6918,7 @@ TEST(operation, isPROJInstanciable) {
             PropertyMap(), GeographicCRS::EPSG_4807, GeographicCRS::EPSG_4326,
             "foo.gsb", std::vector<PositionalAccuracyNNPtr>());
         EXPECT_FALSE(
-            transformation->isPROJInstanciable(DatabaseContext::create()));
+            transformation->isPROJInstantiable(DatabaseContext::create()));
     }
 
     // Unsupported method
@@ -6292,7 +6930,7 @@ TEST(operation, isPROJInstanciable) {
             std::vector<GeneralParameterValueNNPtr>{},
             std::vector<PositionalAccuracyNNPtr>{});
         EXPECT_FALSE(
-            transformation->isPROJInstanciable(DatabaseContext::create()));
+            transformation->isPROJInstantiable(DatabaseContext::create()));
     }
 }
 
@@ -7370,3 +8008,123 @@ TEST(operation, validateParameters) {
         EXPECT_EQ(validation, expected);
     }
 }
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(operation, normalizeForVisualization) {
+
+    auto authFactory =
+        AuthorityFactory::create(DatabaseContext::create(), "EPSG");
+
+    // Source(geographic) must be inverted
+    {
+        auto src = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4326");
+        auto dst = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("32631");
+        auto op =
+            CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(src, dst);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+        auto opNormalized = op->normalizeForVisualization();
+        EXPECT_FALSE(opNormalized->_isEquivalentTo(op.get()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(opNormalized->exportToPROJString(
+                      PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+                  "+proj=pipeline "
+                  "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+                  "+step +proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=WGS84");
+    }
+
+    // Target(geographic) must be inverted
+    {
+        auto src = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("32631");
+        auto dst = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4326");
+        auto op =
+            CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(src, dst);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+        auto opNormalized = op->normalizeForVisualization();
+        EXPECT_FALSE(opNormalized->_isEquivalentTo(op.get()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(opNormalized->exportToPROJString(
+                      PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+                  "+proj=pipeline "
+                  "+step +inv +proj=utm +zone=31 +ellps=WGS84 "
+                  "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg");
+    }
+
+    // Source(geographic) and target(projected) must be inverted
+    {
+        auto src = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4326");
+        auto dst = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("3040");
+        auto op =
+            CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(src, dst);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+        auto opNormalized = op->normalizeForVisualization();
+        EXPECT_FALSE(opNormalized->_isEquivalentTo(op.get()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(opNormalized->exportToPROJString(
+                      PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+                  "+proj=pipeline "
+                  "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+                  "+step +proj=utm +zone=28 +ellps=GRS80");
+    }
+
+    // No inversion
+    {
+        auto src = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("32631");
+        auto dst = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("32632");
+        auto op =
+            CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(src, dst);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+        auto opNormalized = op->normalizeForVisualization();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(opNormalized->_isEquivalentTo(op.get()));
+    }
+
+    // Source(compoundCRS) and target(geographic 3D) must be inverted
+    {
+        auto ctxt =
+            CoordinateOperationContext::create(authFactory, nullptr, 0.0);
+        ctxt->setUsePROJAlternativeGridNames(false);
+        auto src = CompoundCRS::create(
+            PropertyMap(),
+            std::vector<CRSNNPtr>{
+                authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4326"),
+                // EGM2008 height
+                authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("3855")});
+        auto list = CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperations(
+            src,
+            authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4979"), // WGS 84 3D
+            ctxt);
+        ASSERT_EQ(list.size(), 2U);
+        auto op = list[1];
+        auto opNormalized = op->normalizeForVisualization();
+        EXPECT_FALSE(opNormalized->_isEquivalentTo(op.get()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(opNormalized->exportToPROJString(
+                      PROJStringFormatter::create(
+                          PROJStringFormatter::Convention::PROJ_5,
+                          authFactory->databaseContext())
+                          .get()),
+                  "+proj=pipeline "
+                  "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+                  "+step +proj=vgridshift +grids=egm08_25.gtx +multiplier=1 "
+                  "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg");
+    }
+
+    // Source(boundCRS) and target(geographic) must be inverted
+    {
+        auto src = BoundCRS::createFromTOWGS84(
+            GeographicCRS::EPSG_4269, std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
+        auto dst = authFactory->createCoordinateReferenceSystem("4326");
+        auto op =
+            CoordinateOperationFactory::create()->createOperation(src, dst);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(op != nullptr);
+        auto opNormalized = op->normalizeForVisualization();
+        EXPECT_FALSE(opNormalized->_isEquivalentTo(op.get()));
+        EXPECT_EQ(opNormalized->exportToPROJString(
+                      PROJStringFormatter::create().get()),
+                  "+proj=pipeline "
+                  "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad "
+                  "+step +proj=push +v_3 "
+                  "+step +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80 "
+                  "+step +proj=helmert +x=1 +y=2 +z=3 +rx=4 +ry=5 +rz=6 +s=7 "
+                  "+convention=position_vector "
+                  "+step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 "
+                  "+step +proj=pop +v_3 "
+                  "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg");
+    }
+}
author	Andrew Bell <andrew.bell.ia@gmail.com>	2019-05-15 10:47:03 -0400
committer	Andrew Bell <andrew.bell.ia@gmail.com>	2019-05-15 10:47:03 -0400
commit	8f268409d37cea329d263e177b83e42f8384d3c7 (patch)
tree	c4d0f3dd19456600f718a6e0c8573577f433549b /test
parent	886ced02f0aaab5d66d16459435f7447cf976650 (diff)
parent	d67203a6f76a74f5ac029ff052dbcc72e3b59624 (diff)
download	PROJ-8f268409d37cea329d263e177b83e42f8384d3c7.tar.gz PROJ-8f268409d37cea329d263e177b83e42f8384d3c7.zip