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-Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
-
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of PROJ</TITLE>
-</HEAD><BODY>
-<H1>PROJ</H1>
-Section: User Commands (1)<BR>Updated: 2000/03/21 Rel. 4.4<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
-<A HREF="../index.html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
-
-<A NAME="lbAB">&nbsp;</A>
-<H2>NAME</H2>
-
-proj - forward cartographic projection filter
-<BR>
-
-invproj - inverse cartographic projection filter
-<A NAME="lbAC">&nbsp;</A>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
-
-<B>proj</B>
-
-[
-<B>-bceEfiIlmorsStTvVwW</B>
-
-[
-<I>args</I>
-
-] ] [
-<B>+args</B>
-
-]
-file[s]
-<BR>
-
-<B>invproj</B>
-
-[
-<B>-bceEfiIlmorsStTwW</B>
-
-[
-<I>args</I>
-
-] ] [
-<B>+args</B>
-
-]
-file[s]
-<A NAME="lbAD">&nbsp;</A>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
-
-<I>Proj</I>
-
-and
-<I>invproj</I>
-
-perform respective forward and inverse transformation of cartographic data
-to or from cartesian data with a wide range of selectable projection functions.
-<P>
-
-The following control parameters can appear in any order:
-<DL COMPACT>
-<DT><B>-b</B>
-
-<DD>
-Special option for binary coordinate data input and output
-through standard input and standard output.
-Data is assumed to be in system type
-<I>double</I>
-
-floating point words.
-This option is to be used when
-<B>proj</B>
-
-is a
-<I>son</I>
-
-process and allows bypassing formatting operations.
-<DT><B>-i</B>
-
-<DD>
-Selects binary input only (see
-<B>-b option).</B>
-
-<DT><B>-I</B>
-
-<DD>
-alternate method to specify inverse projection.
-Redundant when used with
-<B>invproj.</B>
-
-<DT><B>-o</B>
-
-<DD>
-Selects binary output only (see
-<B>-b option).</B>
-
-<DT><B>-t</B><I>a</I>
-
-<DD>
-<I>A</I>
-
-specifies a character employed as the first character to denote
-a control line to be passed through without processing.
-This option applicable to ascii input only.
-(# is the default value).
-<DT><B>-e</B><I> string</I>
-
-<DD>
-<I>String</I>
-
-is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is detected during
-data transformations.
-The default value is: *\t*.
-Note that if the
-<B>-b,</B>
-
-<B>-i</B>
-
-or
-<B>-o</B>
-
-options are employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VAL
-value for both return values.
-<DT><B>-E</B>
-
-<DD>
-causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line
-prior to printing the converted values.
-<DT><B>-l</B><I>[p|P|=|e|u|d]</I><B>id</B>
-
-<DD>
-List projection identifiers with
-<B>-l,</B>
-
-<B>-lp</B>
-
-or
-<B>-lP (expanded)</B>
-
-that can be selected with
-<B>+proj.</B>
-
-<B>-l=</B><I>id</I>
-
-gives expanded description of projection
-<I>id.</I>
-
-List ellipsoid identifiers with
-<B>-le,</B>
-
-that can be selected with
-<B>+ellps,</B>
-
-<B>-lu</B>
-
-list of cartesian to meter conversion factors
-that can be selected with
-<B>+units</B>
-
-or
-<B>-ld</B>
-
-list of datums that can be selected with
-<B>+datum.</B>
-
-<DT><B>-r</B>
-
-<DD>
-This options reverses the order of the
-expected input from longitude-latitude or x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.
-<DT><B>-s</B>
-
-<DD>
-This options reverses the order of the
-output from x-y or longitude-latitude to y-x or latitude-longitude.
-<DT><B>-S</B>
-
-<DD>
-Causes estimation of
-<I>meridional</I>
-
-and
-<I>parallel</I>
-
-scale factors,
-<I>area</I>
-
-scale factor and
-<I>angular distortion,</I>
-
-and
-<I>maximum</I>
-
-and
-<I>minimum</I>
-
-scale factors to be listed between &lt;&gt; for each input point.
-For conformal projections meridional and parallel scales factors
-will be equal and angular distortion zero.
-Equal area projections will have an area factor of 1.
-<DT><B>-m</B><I> mult</I>
-
-<DD>
-The cartesian data may be scaled by the
-<I>mult</I>
-
-parameter.
-When processing data in a forward projection mode the
-cartesian output values are multiplied by
-<I>mult</I>
-
-otherwise the input cartesian values are divided by
-<I>mult</I>
-
-before inverse projection.
-If the first two characters of
-<I>mult</I>
-
-are 1/ or 1: then the reciprocal value of
-<I>mult</I>
-
-is employed.
-<DT><B>-f</B><I> format</I>
-
-<DD>
-<I>Format</I>
-
-is a
-<I>printf</I>
-
-format string to control the form of the output values.
-For inverse projections, the output will be in degrees when this option
-is employed.
-The default format is &quot;%.2f&quot; for forward projection and DMS
-for inverse.
-<DT><B>-[w|W]</B><I>n</I>
-
-<DD>
-<I>N</I>
-
-is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for
-seconds output (when the option is not specified,
-<B>-w3</B>
-
-is assumed).
-When
-<B>-W</B>
-
-is employed the fields will be constant width and with leading zeroes.
-<DT><B>-v</B>
-
-<DD>
-causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and
-used by the program to be printed prior to input data.
-Should not be used with the
-<B>-T</B>
-
-option.
-<DT><B>-V</B>
-
-<DD>
-This option causes an expanded annotated listing of the characteristics
-of the projected point.
-<B>-v is implied with this option.</B>
-
-<DT><B>-T</B><I> ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax]</I>
-
-<DD>
-This option creates a set of bivariate Chebyshev polynomial
-coefficients that approximate the selected cartographic projection on
-<I>stdout.</I>
-
-The values
-<I>low</I>
-
-and
-<I>hi</I>
-
-denote the range of the input where the
-<I>u</I>
-
-or
-<I>v</I>
-
-prefixes apply to respective longitude-x or latitude-y
-depending upon whether a forward or inverse projection is selected.
-<I>Res</I>
-
-is an integer number specifying the power of 10 precision of the
-approximation.
-For example, a
-<I>res</I>
-
-of -3 specifies an approximation with an accuracy better than .001.
-<I>Umax,</I>
-
-and
-<I>vmax</I>
-
-specify maximum degree of the polynomials (default: 15).
-See also:
-<B><A HREF="../man1/fproj.1.html">fproj</A>(1).</B>
-
-</DL>
-<P>
-
-The
-<B>+args</B>
-
-run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parameters
-and usage varies with projection and for a complete description see
-<I>Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment---A User's Manual</I>
-
-and supplementary documentation for Release 4.
-<P>
-
-Additional projection control parameters may be contained in two
-auxiliary control files:
-the first is optionally referenced with the
-<B>+init=</B><I>file:id</I>
-
-and the second is always processed after the name
-of the projection has been established from either the run-line
-or the contents of
-<B>+init</B>
-
-file.
-The environment parameter
-<B>PROJ_LIB</B>
-
-establishes the default directory for a file reference without
-an absolute path. This is also used for supporting files like
-datum shift files.
-<P>
-
-One or more
-<I>files</I>
-
-(processed in left to right order)
-specify the source of data to be transformed.
-A - will specify the location of processing standard input.
-If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be from
-<I>stdin.</I>
-
-For ASCII input data the two data values must be in the
-first two white space separated fields and
-when both input and output are ASCII all trailing portions
-of the input line are appended to the output line.
-<P>
-
-Input geographic data
-(longitude and latitude) must be in DMS format and input
-cartesian data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid
-major axis or sphere radius units.
-Output geographic coordinates will be in DMS
-(if the
-<B>-w</B>
-
-switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001&quot;
-with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields deleted.
-<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
-<H2>EXAMPLE</H2>
-
-The following script
-<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
-<BR>&nbsp;<TT>proj&nbsp;+proj=utm&nbsp;+lon_0=112w&nbsp;+ellps=clrk66&nbsp;-r&nbsp;&lt;&lt;EOF
-<BR>&nbsp;45d15'33.1&quot;<TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TT>111.5W<BR>
-<BR>&nbsp;45d15.551666667N<TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TT>-111d30<BR>
-<BR>&nbsp;+45.25919444444<TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TT>111d30'000w<BR>
-<BR>&nbsp;EOF</TT>
-</DL>
-
-will perform UTM forward projection with a standard UTM
-central meridian nearest longitude 112&#176;W.
-The geographic values of this example are equivalent and meant
-as examples of various forms of DMS input.
-The x-y output data will appear as three lines of:
-<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
-<BR>&nbsp;<TT>460769.27<TT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TT>5011648.45<BR>
-</DL>
-
-</TT><A NAME="lbAF">&nbsp;</A>
-<H2>OTHER PROGRAMS</H2>
-
-<P>
-
-The <I>proj</I> program is limited to converting between geographic and
-projection coordinates within one datum.
-<P>
-
-The <I>cs2cs</I> program operates
-similarly, but allows translation between any pair of definable coordinate
-systems, including support for datum translation.
-<P>
-
-The <I>geod</I> program provides the ability to compute geodesic (Great
-Circle) computations.
-<A NAME="lbAG">&nbsp;</A>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
-
-<B><A HREF="../man1/cs2cs.1.html">cs2cs</A>(1), <A HREF="../man1/geod.1.html">geod</A>(1), <A HREF="../man3/pj_init.3.html">pj_init</A>(3),</B>
-
-<BR>
-
-<I>Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment---A User's Manual,</I>
-
-(Evenden, 1990, Open-file report 90-284).
-<BR>
-
-<I>Map Projections Used by the U. S. Geological Survey</I>
-
-(Snyder, 1984,
-USGS Bulletin 1532).
-<BR>
-
-<I>Map Projections---A Working Manual</I>
-
-(Snyder, 1988, USGS Prof. Paper 1395).
-<BR>
-
-<I>An Album of Map Projections</I>
-
-(Snyder &amp; Voxland, 1989, USGS Prof. Paper 1453).
-<A NAME="lbAH">&nbsp;</A>
-<H2>HOME PAGE</H2>
-
-<A HREF="https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/wiki">https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/wiki</A>
-<P>
-
-<HR>
-<A NAME="index">&nbsp;</A><H2>Index</H2>
-<DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAE">EXAMPLE</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAF">OTHER PROGRAMS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAG">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAH">HOME PAGE</A><DD>
-</DL>
-<HR>
-This document was created by
-<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
-using the manual pages.<BR>
-Time: 20:44:57 GMT, February 18, 2016
-</BODY>
-</HTML>