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diff --git a/src/iso19111/internal.cpp b/src/iso19111/internal.cpp
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+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Project: PROJ
+ * Purpose: ISO19111:2018 implementation
+ * Author: Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys dot com>
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys dot com>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+ * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+ * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef FROM_PROJ_CPP
+#define FROM_PROJ_CPP
+#endif
+
+#include "proj/internal/internal.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <string.h>
+#else
+#include <strings.h>
+#endif
+#include <exception>
+#include <iomanip> // std::setprecision
+#include <locale>
+#include <sstream> // std::istringstream and std::ostringstream
+#include <string>
+
+#include "sqlite3.h"
+
+NS_PROJ_START
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Replace all occurrences of before with after.
+ */
+std::string replaceAll(const std::string &str, const std::string &before,
+ const std::string &after) {
+ std::string ret(str);
+ const size_t nBeforeSize = before.size();
+ const size_t nAfterSize = after.size();
+ if (nBeforeSize) {
+ size_t nStartPos = 0;
+ while ((nStartPos = ret.find(before, nStartPos)) != std::string::npos) {
+ ret.replace(nStartPos, nBeforeSize, after);
+ nStartPos += nAfterSize;
+ }
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline static bool EQUALN(const char *a, const char *b, size_t size) {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+ return _strnicmp(a, b, size) == 0;
+#else
+ return strncasecmp(a, b, size) == 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * Case-insensitive equality test
+ */
+bool ci_equal(const std::string &a, const std::string &b) noexcept {
+ const auto size = a.size();
+ if (size != b.size()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ return EQUALN(a.c_str(), b.c_str(), size);
+}
+
+bool ci_equal(const std::string &a, const char *b) noexcept {
+ const auto size = a.size();
+ if (size != strlen(b)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ return EQUALN(a.c_str(), b, size);
+}
+
+bool ci_equal(const char *a, const char *b) noexcept {
+ const auto size = strlen(a);
+ if (size != strlen(b)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ return EQUALN(a, b, size);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ci_less(const std::string &a, const std::string &b) noexcept {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+ return _stricmp(a.c_str(), b.c_str()) < 0;
+#else
+ return strcasecmp(a.c_str(), b.c_str()) < 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Convert to lower case.
+ */
+
+std::string tolower(const std::string &str)
+
+{
+ std::string ret(str);
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < ret.size(); i++)
+ ret[i] = static_cast<char>(::tolower(ret[i]));
+ return ret;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Convert to upper case.
+ */
+
+std::string toupper(const std::string &str)
+
+{
+ std::string ret(str);
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < ret.size(); i++)
+ ret[i] = static_cast<char>(::toupper(ret[i]));
+ return ret;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** Strip leading and trailing double quote characters */
+std::string stripQuotes(const std::string &str) {
+ if (str.size() >= 2 && str[0] == '"' && str.back() == '"') {
+ return str.substr(1, str.size() - 2);
+ }
+ return str;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+size_t ci_find(const std::string &str, const char *needle) noexcept {
+ const size_t needleSize = strlen(needle);
+ for (size_t i = 0; i + needleSize <= str.size(); i++) {
+ if (EQUALN(str.c_str() + i, needle, needleSize)) {
+ return i;
+ }
+ }
+ return std::string::npos;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+size_t ci_find(const std::string &str, const std::string &needle,
+ size_t startPos) noexcept {
+ const size_t needleSize = needle.size();
+ for (size_t i = startPos; i + needleSize <= str.size(); i++) {
+ if (EQUALN(str.c_str() + i, needle.c_str(), needleSize)) {
+ return i;
+ }
+ }
+ return std::string::npos;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+bool starts_with(const std::string &str, const std::string &prefix) noexcept {
+ if (str.size() < prefix.size()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ return std::memcmp(str.c_str(), prefix.c_str(), prefix.size()) == 0;
+}
+*/
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+bool starts_with(const std::string &str, const char *prefix) noexcept {
+ const size_t prefixSize = std::strlen(prefix);
+ if (str.size() < prefixSize) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ return std::memcmp(str.c_str(), prefix, prefixSize) == 0;
+}
+*/
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ci_starts_with(const char *str, const char *prefix) noexcept {
+ const auto str_size = strlen(str);
+ const auto prefix_size = strlen(prefix);
+ if (str_size < prefix_size) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ return EQUALN(str, prefix, prefix_size);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ci_starts_with(const std::string &str,
+ const std::string &prefix) noexcept {
+ if (str.size() < prefix.size()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ return EQUALN(str.c_str(), prefix.c_str(), prefix.size());
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ends_with(const std::string &str, const std::string &suffix) noexcept {
+ if (str.size() < suffix.size()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ return std::memcmp(str.c_str() + str.size() - suffix.size(), suffix.c_str(),
+ suffix.size()) == 0;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+double c_locale_stod(const std::string &s) {
+
+ const auto s_size = s.size();
+ // Fast path
+ if (s_size > 0 && s_size < 15) {
+ std::int64_t acc = 0;
+ std::int64_t div = 1;
+ bool afterDot = false;
+ size_t i = 0;
+ if (s[0] == '-') {
+ ++i;
+ div = -1;
+ } else if (s[0] == '+') {
+ ++i;
+ }
+ for (; i < s_size; ++i) {
+ const auto ch = s[i];
+ if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
+ acc = acc * 10 + ch - '0';
+ if (afterDot) {
+ div *= 10;
+ }
+ } else if (ch == '.') {
+ afterDot = true;
+ } else {
+ div = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ if (div) {
+ return static_cast<double>(acc) / div;
+ }
+ }
+
+ std::istringstream iss(s);
+ iss.imbue(std::locale::classic());
+ double d;
+ iss >> d;
+ if (!iss.eof() || iss.fail()) {
+ throw std::invalid_argument("non double value");
+ }
+ return d;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &str, char separator) {
+ std::vector<std::string> res;
+ size_t lastPos = 0;
+ size_t newPos = 0;
+ while ((newPos = str.find(separator, lastPos)) != std::string::npos) {
+ res.push_back(str.substr(lastPos, newPos - lastPos));
+ lastPos = newPos + 1;
+ }
+ res.push_back(str.substr(lastPos));
+ return res;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+// For some reason, sqlite3_snprintf() in the sqlite3 builds used on AppVeyor
+// doesn't round identically to the Unix builds, and thus breaks a number of
+// unit test. So to avoid this, use the stdlib formatting
+
+std::string toString(int val) {
+ std::ostringstream buffer;
+ buffer.imbue(std::locale::classic());
+ buffer << val;
+ return buffer.str();
+}
+
+std::string toString(double val, int precision) {
+ std::ostringstream buffer;
+ buffer.imbue(std::locale::classic());
+ buffer << std::setprecision(precision);
+ buffer << val;
+ auto str = buffer.str();
+ if (precision == 15 && str.find("9999999999") != std::string::npos) {
+ buffer.str("");
+ buffer.clear();
+ buffer << std::setprecision(14);
+ buffer << val;
+ return buffer.str();
+ }
+ return str;
+}
+
+#else
+
+std::string toString(int val) {
+ // use sqlite3 API that is slighly faster than std::ostringstream
+ // with forcing the C locale. sqlite3_snprintf() emulates a C locale.
+ constexpr int BUF_SIZE = 16;
+ char szBuffer[BUF_SIZE];
+ sqlite3_snprintf(BUF_SIZE, szBuffer, "%d", val);
+ return szBuffer;
+}
+
+std::string toString(double val, int precision) {
+ // use sqlite3 API that is slighly faster than std::ostringstream
+ // with forcing the C locale. sqlite3_snprintf() emulates a C locale.
+ constexpr int BUF_SIZE = 32;
+ char szBuffer[BUF_SIZE];
+ sqlite3_snprintf(BUF_SIZE, szBuffer, "%.*g", precision, val);
+ if (precision == 15 && strstr(szBuffer, "9999999999")) {
+ sqlite3_snprintf(BUF_SIZE, szBuffer, "%.14g", val);
+ }
+ return szBuffer;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+std::string concat(const char *a, const std::string &b) {
+ std::string res(a);
+ res += b;
+ return res;
+}
+
+std::string concat(const char *a, const std::string &b, const char *c) {
+ std::string res(a);
+ res += b;
+ res += c;
+ return res;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+NS_PROJ_END
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