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<section id="cs2cs">
<span id="id1"></span><h1>cs2cs<a class="headerlink" href="#cs2cs" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Filter for transformations between two coordinate reference systems.</p>
<section id="synopsis">
<h2>Synopsis<a class="headerlink" href="#synopsis" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><strong>cs2cs</strong> [<strong>-eEfIlrstvwW</strong> [args]]</div>
<div class="line-block">
<div class="line">[[–area <name_or_code>] | [–bbox <west_long,south_lat,east_long,north_lat>]]</div>
<div class="line">[–authority <name>] [–no-ballpark] [–accuracy <accuracy>]</div>
<div class="line">([<em>+opt[=arg]</em> …] [+to <em>+opt[=arg]</em> …] | {source_crs} {target_crs})</div>
<div class="line">file …</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>where {source_crs} or {target_crs} is one of the possibilities accepted
by <a class="reference internal" href="../development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_create" title="proj_create"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">proj_create()</span></code></a>, provided it expresses a CRS</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>a proj-string,</p></li>
<li><p>a WKT string,</p></li>
<li><p>an object code (like “EPSG:4326”, “urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326”,
“urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation:EPSG::1671”),</p></li>
<li><p>an Object name. e.g “WGS 84”, “WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N”. In that case as
uniqueness is not guaranteed, heuristics are applied to determine the appropriate best match.</p></li>
<li><p>a OGC URN combining references for compound coordinate reference systems
(e.g “<a class="reference external" href="urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::2393,crs:EPSG::5717">urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::2393,crs:EPSG::5717</a>” or custom abbreviated
syntax “EPSG:2393+5717”),</p></li>
<li><p>a OGC URN combining references for references for projected or derived CRSs
e.g. for Projected 3D CRS “UTM zone 31N / WGS 84 (3D)”:
“<a class="reference external" href="urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::4979,cs:PROJ::ENh,coordinateOperation:EPSG::16031">urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::4979,cs:PROJ::ENh,coordinateOperation:EPSG::16031</a>”
(<em>added in 6.2</em>)</p></li>
<li><p>a OGC URN combining references for concatenated operations
(e.g. “<a class="reference external" href="urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation,coordinateOperation:EPSG::3895,coordinateOperation:EPSG::1618">urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation,coordinateOperation:EPSG::3895,coordinateOperation:EPSG::1618</a>”)</p></li>
<li><p>a PROJJSON string. The jsonschema is at <a class="reference external" href="https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json">https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json</a> (<em>added in 6.2</em>)</p></li>
<li><p>a compound CRS made from two object names separated with ” + “. e.g. “WGS 84 + EGM96 height” (<em>added in 7.1</em>)</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 6.0.0.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>before 7.0.1, it was needed to add +to between {source_crs} and {target_crs}
when adding a filename</p>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
</section>
<section id="description">
<h2>Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><strong class="program">cs2cs</strong> performs transformation between the source and destination
cartographic coordinate reference system on a set of input points. The coordinate
reference system transformation can include translation between projected and
geographic coordinates as well as the application of datum shifts.</p>
<p>The following control parameters can appear in any order:</p>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-I">
<span id="cmdoption-cs2cs-i"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-I</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-I" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Method to specify inverse translation, convert from <em>+to</em> coordinate system to
the primary coordinate system defined.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-t-a">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-t<a></span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-t-a" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Where <em>a</em> specifies a character employed as the first character to denote a control
line to be passed through without processing. This option applicable to
ASCII input only. (# is the default value).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-d">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-d</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre"><n></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-d" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 5.2.0.</span></p>
</div>
<p>Specify the number of decimals in the output.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-e">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-e</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre"><string></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-e" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Where <em>string</em> is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is detected during
data transformations. The default value is a three character string: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*\t*</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-E">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-E</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-E" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line prior to
printing the converted values.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-l">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-l<[</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">=id]></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-l" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>List projection identifiers that can be selected with <em>+proj</em>. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cs2cs</span> <span class="pre">-l=id</span></code>
gives expanded description of projection <em>id</em>, e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cs2cs</span> <span class="pre">-l=merc</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-lp">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-lp</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-lp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>List of all projection id that can be used with the <em>+proj</em> parameter.
Equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cs2cs</span> <span class="pre">-l</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-lP">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-lP</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-lP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Expanded description of all projections that can be used with the <em>+proj</em>
parameter.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-le">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-le</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-le" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>List of all ellipsoids that can be selected with the <em>+ellps</em> parameters.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-lu">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-lu</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-lu" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>List of all distance units that can be selected with the <em>+units</em> parameter.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-r">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-r</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-r" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This options reverses the order of the first two expected
inputs from that specified by the CRS to the opposite
order. The third coordinate, typically height, remains
third.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-s">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-s</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-s" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This options reverses the order of the first two expected
outputs from that specified by the CRS to the opposite
order. The third coordinate, typically height, remains
third.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-f">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-f</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre"><format></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-f" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Where <em>format</em> is a printf format string to control the form of the output values.
For inverse projections, the output will be in degrees when this option is
employed. If a format is specified for inverse projection the output data
will be in decimal degrees. The default format is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"%.2f"</span></code> for forward
projection and DMS for inverse.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-w-n">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-w<n></span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-w-n" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Where <em>n</em> is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds
output (when the option is not specified, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-w3</span></code> is assumed).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-W-n">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-W<n></span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-W-n" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Where <em>n</em> is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds
output. When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-W</span></code> is employed the fields will be constant width
with leading zeroes.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-v">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-v</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-v" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and used by
the program to be printed prior to input data.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-area">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--area</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre"><name_or_code></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-area" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 8.0.0.</span></p>
</div>
<p>Specify an area of interest to restrict the results when researching
coordinate operations between 2 CRS. The area of interest can be specified either
as a name (e.g “Denmark - onshore”) or a AUTHORITY:CODE (EPSG:3237)</p>
<p>This option is mutually exclusive with <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-bbox"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--bbox</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-bbox">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--bbox</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre"><west_long,south_lat,east_long,north_lat></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-bbox" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 8.0.0.</span></p>
</div>
<p>Specify an area of interest to restrict the results when researching
coordinate operations between 2 CRS. The area of interest is specified as a
bounding box with geographic coordinates, expressed in degrees in a
unspecified geographic CRS.
<cite>west_long</cite> and <cite>east_long</cite> should be in the [-180,180] range, and
<cite>south_lat</cite> and <cite>north_lat</cite> in the [-90,90]. <cite>west_long</cite> is generally lower than
<cite>east_long</cite>, except in the case where the area of interest crosses the antimeridian.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-no-ballpark">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--no-ballpark</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-no-ballpark" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 8.0.0.</span></p>
</div>
<p>Disallow any coordinate operation that is, or contains, a
<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-Ballpark-transformation"><span class="xref std std-term">Ballpark transformation</span></a></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-accuracy">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--accuracy</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre"><accuracy></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-accuracy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 8.0.0.</span></p>
</div>
<p>Sets the minimum desired accuracy for candidate coordinate operations.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std option">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-cs2cs-authority">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--authority</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre"><name></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-authority" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 8.0.0.</span></p>
</div>
<p>This option can be used to restrict the authority of coordinate operations
looked up in the database. When not specified, coordinate
operations from any authority will be searched, with the restrictions set
in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authority_to_authority_preference</span></code> database table related to the authority
of the source/target CRS themselves.
If authority is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">any</span></code>, then coordinate operations from any authority will be searched
If authority is a non-empty string different of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">any</span></code>, then coordinate operations
will be searched only in that authority namespace (e.g <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EPSG</span></code>).</p>
<p>This option is mutually exclusive with <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-cs2cs-bbox"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--bbox</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>The <em>+opt</em> run-line arguments are associated with cartographic
parameters. Usage varies with projection and for a complete description
consult the <a class="reference internal" href="../operations/projections/index.html#projections"><span class="std std-ref">projection pages</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <strong class="program">cs2cs</strong> program requires two coordinate reference system (CRS) definitions. The first (or
primary is defined based on all projection parameters not appearing after the
<em>+to</em> argument. All projection parameters appearing after the <em>+to</em> argument
are considered the definition of the second CRS. If there is no
second CRS defined, a geographic CRS based on the
datum and ellipsoid of the source CRS is assumed. Note that the
source and destination CRS can both of same or different nature (geographic,
projected, compound CRS), or one of each and may have the same or different datums.</p>
<p>When using a WKT definition or a AUTHORITY:CODE, the axis order of the CRS will
be enforced. So for example if using EPSG:4326, the first value expected (or
returned) will be a latitude.</p>
<p>Internally, <strong class="program">cs2cs</strong> uses the <a class="reference internal" href="../development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_create_crs_to_crs" title="proj_create_crs_to_crs"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">proj_create_crs_to_crs()</span></code></a> function
to compute the appropriate coordinate operation, so implementation details of
this function directly impact the results returned by the program.</p>
<p>The environment parameter <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../usage/environmentvars.html#envvar-PROJ_LIB"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PROJ_LIB</span></code></a> establishes the
directory for resource files (database, datum shift grids, etc.)</p>
<p>One or more files (processed in left to right order) specify the source of
data to be transformed. A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> will specify the location of processing standard
input. If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be from stdin.
For input data the two data values must be in the first two white space
separated fields and when both input and output are ASCII all trailing portions
of the input line are appended to the output line.</p>
<p>Input geographic data (longitude and latitude) must be in DMS or decimal
degrees format and input cartesian data must be in units consistent with the
ellipsoid major axis or sphere radius units. Output geographic coordinates will
normally be in DMS format (use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-f</span> <span class="pre">%.12f</span></code> for decimal degrees with 12 decimal
places), while projected (cartesian) coordinates will be in linear
(meter, feet) units.</p>
<section id="use-of-remote-grids">
<h3>Use of remote grids<a class="headerlink" href="#use-of-remote-grids" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 7.0.0.</span></p>
</div>
<p>If the <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../usage/environmentvars.html#envvar-PROJ_NETWORK"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PROJ_NETWORK</span></code></a> environment variable is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ON</span></code>,
<strong class="program">cs2cs</strong> will attempt to use remote grids stored on CDN (Content
Delivery Network) storage, when they are not available locally.</p>
<p>More details are available in the <a class="reference internal" href="../usage/network.html#network"><span class="std std-ref">Network capabilities</span></a> section.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="examples">
<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<section id="using-proj-strings">
<h3>Using PROJ strings<a class="headerlink" href="#using-proj-strings" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The following script</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>cs2cs +proj=latlong +datum=NAD83 +to +proj=utm +zone=10 +datum=NAD27 -r <<EOF
45°15'33.1" 111.5W
45d15.551666667N -111d30
+45.25919444444 111d30'000w
EOF
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>will transform the input NAD83 geographic coordinates into NAD27 coordinates in
the UTM projection with zone 10 selected. The geographic values of this
example are equivalent and meant as examples of various forms of DMS input.
The x-y output data will appear as three lines of:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>1402293.44 5076292.68 0.00
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="using-epsg-crs-codes">
<h3>Using EPSG CRS codes<a class="headerlink" href="#using-epsg-crs-codes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Transforming from WGS 84 latitude/longitude (in that order) to UTM Zone 31N/WGS 84</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>cs2cs EPSG:4326 EPSG:32631 <<EOF
45N 2E
EOF
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>outputs</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>421184.70 4983436.77 0.00
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="using-epsg-crs-names">
<h3>Using EPSG CRS names<a class="headerlink" href="#using-epsg-crs-names" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Transforming from WGS 84 latitude/longitude (in that order) with EGM96 height to
UTM Zone 31N/WGS 84 with WGS84 ellipsoidal height</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>echo 45 2 0 | cs2cs "WGS 84 + EGM96 height" "WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N"
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>outputs</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>421184.70 4983436.77 50.69
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
</section>
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