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.. _utm:
********************************************************************************
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
********************************************************************************
The Universal Transverse Mercator is a system of map projections divided into
sixty zones across the globe, with each zone corresponding to 6 degrees of
longitude.
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Classification** | Transverse cylindrical, conformal |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Available forms** | Forward and inverse, ellipsoidal only |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Defined area** | Within the used zone, but transformations of coordinates |
| | in adjacent zones can be expected to be accurate as well |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Alias** | utm |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Domain** | 2D |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Input type** | Geodetic coordinates |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Output type** | Projected coordinates |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
.. figure:: ../../../images/utm_zones.png
:alt: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zones
:figwidth: 100%
:align: center
UTM zones.
UTM projections are really the :ref:`Transverse Mercator<tmerc>`
to which specific parameters, such as central meridians, have been applied.
The Earth is divided into 60 zones each generally 6° wide in longitude.
Bounding meridians are evenly divisible by 6°, and zones are
numbered from 1 to 60 proceeding east from the 180th meridian from Greenwich
with minor exceptions :cite:`Snyder1987`.
Usage
#####
Convert geodetic coordinate to UTM Zone 32 on the northern hemisphere::
$ echo 12 56 | proj +proj=utm +zone=32
687071.44 6210141.33
Convert geodetic coordinate to UTM Zone 59 on the southern hemisphere::
$ echo 174 -44 | proj +proj=utm +zone=59 +south
740526.32 5123750.87
Parameters
################################################################################
Required
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. option:: +zone=<value>
Select which UTM zone to use. Can be a value between 1-60.
Optional
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. option:: +south
Add this flag when using the UTM on the southern hemisphere.
.. option:: +approx
.. versionadded:: 6.0.0
Use faster, less accurate algorithm for the Transverse Mercator.
.. option:: +algo=auto/evenden_snyder/poder_engsager
.. versionadded:: 7.1
Selects the algorithm to use. The hardcoded value and the one defined in
:ref:`proj-ini` default to ``poder_engsager``, that is the most precise
one.
When using auto, a heuristics based on the input coordinate to transform
is used to determine if the faster Evenden-Snyder method can be used, for
faster computation, without causing an error greater than 0.1 mm (for an
ellipsoid of the size of Earth)
Note that :option:`+approx` and :option:`+algo` are mutually exclusive.
.. include:: ../options/ellps.rst
Further reading
###############
#. `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Transverse_Mercator_coordinate_system>`_
|
