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+# Command-Option-Argument
+[![build status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/veged/coa.png)](http://travis-ci.org/veged/coa)
+
+## What is it?
+
+COA is a parser for command line options that aim to get maximum profit from formalization your program API.
+Once you write definition in terms of commands, options and arguments you automaticaly get:
+
+* Command line help text
+* Program API for use COA-based programs as modules
+* Shell completion
+
+### Other features
+
+* Rich types for options and arguments, such as arrays, boolean flags and required
+* Commands can be async throught using promising (powered by [Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q))
+* Easy submoduling some existing commands to new top-level one
+* Combined validation and complex parsing of values
+
+### TODO
+
+* Localization
+* Shell-mode
+* Configs
+ * Aliases
+ * Defaults
+
+## Examples
+
+````javascript
+require('coa').Cmd() // main (top level) command declaration
+ .name(process.argv[1]) // set top level command name from program name
+ .title('My awesome command line util') // title for use in text messages
+ .helpful() // make command "helpful", i.e. options -h --help with usage message
+ .opt() // add some option
+ .name('version') // name for use in API
+ .title('Version') // title for use in text messages
+ .short('v') // short key: -v
+ .long('version') // long key: --version
+ .flag() // for options without value
+ .act(function(opts) { // add action for option
+ // return message as result of action
+ return JSON.parse(require('fs').readFileSync(__dirname + '/package.json'))
+ .version;
+ })
+ .end() // end option chain and return to main command
+ .cmd().name('subcommand').apply(require('./subcommand').COA).end() // load subcommand from module
+ .cmd() // inplace subcommand declaration
+ .name('othercommand').title('Awesome other subcommand').helpful()
+ .opt()
+ .name('input').title('input file, required')
+ .short('i').long('input')
+ .val(function(v) { // validator function, also for translate simple values
+ return require('fs').createReadStream(v) })
+ .req() // make option required
+ .end() // end option chain and return to command
+ .end() // end subcommand chain and return to parent command
+ .run(process.argv.slice(2)); // parse and run on process.argv
+````
+
+````javascript
+// subcommand.js
+exports.COA = function() {
+ this
+ .title('Awesome subcommand').helpful()
+ .opt()
+ .name('output').title('output file')
+ .short('o').long('output')
+ .output() // use default preset for "output" option declaration
+ .end()
+};
+````
+
+## API reference
+
+### Cmd
+Command is a top level entity. Commands may have options and arguments.
+
+#### Cmd.api
+Returns object containing all its subcommands as methods to use from other programs.<br>
+**@returns** *{Object}*
+
+#### Cmd.name
+Set a canonical command identifier to be used anywhere in the API.<br>
+**@param** *String* `_name` command name<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Cmd.title
+Set a long description for command to be used anywhere in text messages.<br>
+**@param** *String* `_title` command title<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Cmd.cmd
+Create new or add existing subcommand for current command.<br>
+**@param** *COA.Cmd* `[cmd]` existing command instance<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* new or added subcommand instance
+
+#### Cmd.opt
+Create option for current command.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `new` option instance
+
+#### Cmd.arg
+Create argument for current command.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `new` argument instance
+
+#### Cmd.act
+Add (or set) action for current command.<br>
+**@param** *Function* `act` action function,
+ invoked in the context of command instance
+ and has the parameters:<br>
+ - *Object* `opts` parsed options<br>
+ - *Array* `args` parsed arguments<br>
+ - *Object* `res` actions result accumulator<br>
+ It can return rejected promise by Cmd.reject (in case of error)
+ or any other value treated as result.<br>
+**@param** *{Boolean}* [force=false] flag for set action instead add to existings<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Cmd.apply
+Apply function with arguments in context of command instance.<br>
+**@param** *Function* `fn`<br>
+**@param** *Array* `args`<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Cmd.comp
+Set custom additional completion for current command.<br>
+**@param** *Function* `fn` completion generation function,
+ invoked in the context of command instance.
+ Accepts parameters:<br>
+ - *Object* `opts` completion options<br>
+ It can return promise or any other value treated as result.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Cmd.helpful
+Make command "helpful", i.e. add -h --help flags for print usage.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Cmd.completable
+Adds shell completion to command, adds "completion" subcommand, that makes all the magic.<br>
+Must be called only on root command.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Cmd.usage
+Build full usage text for current command instance.<br>
+**@returns** *String* `usage` text
+
+#### Cmd.run
+Parse arguments from simple format like NodeJS process.argv
+and run ahead current program, i.e. call process.exit when all actions done.<br>
+**@param** *Array* `argv`<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Cmd.invoke
+Invoke specified (or current) command using provided options and arguments.<br>
+**@param** *String|Array* `cmds` subcommand to invoke (optional)<br>
+**@param** *Object* `opts` command options (optional)<br>
+**@param** *Object* `args` command arguments (optional)<br>
+**@returns** *Q.Promise*
+
+#### Cmd.reject
+Return reject of actions results promise.<br>
+Use in .act() for return with error.<br>
+**@param** *Object* `reason` reject reason<br>
+ You can customize toString() method and exitCode property
+ of reason object.<br>
+**@returns** *Q.promise* rejected promise
+
+#### Cmd.end
+Finish chain for current subcommand and return parent command instance.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `parent` command
+
+### Opt
+Option is a named entity. Options may have short and long keys for use from command line.<br>
+**@namespace**<br>
+**@class** Presents option
+
+#### Opt.name
+Set a canonical option identifier to be used anywhere in the API.<br>
+**@param** *String* `_name` option name<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.title
+Set a long description for option to be used anywhere in text messages.<br>
+**@param** *String* `_title` option title<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.short
+Set a short key for option to be used with one hyphen from command line.<br>
+**@param** *String* `_short`<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.long
+Set a short key for option to be used with double hyphens from command line.<br>
+**@param** *String* `_long`<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.flag
+Make an option boolean, i.e. option without value.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.arr
+Makes an option accepts multiple values.<br>
+Otherwise, the value will be used by the latter passed.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.req
+Makes an option req.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.only
+Makes an option to act as a command,
+i.e. program will exit just after option action.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.val
+Set a validation (or value) function for argument.<br>
+Value from command line passes through before becoming available from API.<br>
+Using for validation and convertion simple types to any values.<br>
+**@param** *Function* `_val` validating function,
+ invoked in the context of option instance
+ and has one parameter with value from command line<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.def
+Set a default value for option.
+Default value passed through validation function as ordinary value.<br>
+**@param** *Object* `_def`<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.input
+Make option value inputting stream.
+It's add useful validation and shortcut for STDIN.
+**@returns** *{COA.Opt}* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.output
+Make option value outputing stream.<br>
+It's add useful validation and shortcut for STDOUT.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.act
+Add action for current option command.
+This action is performed if the current option
+is present in parsed options (with any value).<br>
+**@param** *Function* `act` action function,
+ invoked in the context of command instance
+ and has the parameters:<br>
+ - *Object* `opts` parsed options<br>
+ - *Array* `args` parsed arguments<br>
+ - *Object* `res` actions result accumulator<br>
+ It can return rejected promise by Cmd.reject (in case of error)
+ or any other value treated as result.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.comp
+Set custom additional completion for current option.<br>
+**@param** *Function* `fn` completion generation function,
+ invoked in the context of command instance.
+ Accepts parameters:<br>
+ - *Object* `opts` completion options<br>
+ It can return promise or any other value treated as result.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Opt* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Opt.end
+Finish chain for current option and return parent command instance.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `parent` command
+
+
+### Arg
+Argument is a unnamed entity.<br>
+From command line arguments passed as list of unnamed values.
+
+#### Arg.name
+Set a canonical argument identifier to be used anywhere in text messages.<br>
+**@param** *String* `_name` argument name<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Arg* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Arg.title
+Set a long description for argument to be used anywhere in text messages.<br>
+**@param** *String* `_title` argument title<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Arg* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Arg.arr
+Makes an argument accepts multiple values.<br>
+Otherwise, the value will be used by the latter passed.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Arg* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Arg.req
+Makes an argument req.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Arg* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Arg.val
+Set a validation (or value) function for argument.<br>
+Value from command line passes through before becoming available from API.<br>
+Using for validation and convertion simple types to any values.<br>
+**@param** *Function* `_val` validating function,
+ invoked in the context of argument instance
+ and has one parameter with value from command line<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Arg* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Arg.def
+Set a default value for argument.
+Default value passed through validation function as ordinary value.<br>
+**@param** *Object* `_def`<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Arg* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Arg.output
+Make argument value outputing stream.<br>
+It's add useful validation and shortcut for STDOUT.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Arg* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Arg.comp
+Set custom additional completion for current argument.<br>
+**@param** *Function* `fn` completion generation function,
+ invoked in the context of command instance.
+ Accepts parameters:<br>
+ - *Object* `opts` completion options<br>
+ It can return promise or any other value treated as result.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Arg* `this` instance (for chainability)
+
+#### Arg.end
+Finish chain for current option and return parent command instance.<br>
+**@returns** *COA.Cmd* `parent` command